Chapter 12

Sound 


Exercises

1. What is sound and how is it produced?

āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ•ি āφ⧰ু āχāϝ়াāĻ• āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤুāϤ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়?

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2. Describe with the help of a diagram, how compressions and rarefactions are produced in air near a source of sound.

āύāĻ•্āϏাā§° āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•, āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āϏংāĻ•োāϚāύ āφ⧰ু āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ⧰ āĻ“āϚ⧰āϤ āĻŦিā§°āϞ āĻ—োāϟāĻŦোā§° āĻŦāϤাāĻšāϤ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāύ্āύ āĻšāϝ়।

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3. Cite an experiment to show that sound needs a material medium for its propagation.

āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϏাā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāϟা āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύ āĻŦুāϞি āĻĻেāĻ–ুā§ąাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāϟা āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাā§° āωāĻĻ্āϧৃāϤি āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•।

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4. Why is sound wave called a longitudinal wave?

āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϤ⧰ংāĻ—āĻ• āĻĻ্ā§°াāϘিāĻŽāĻŽāĻŖ্āĻĄāϞীāϝ় āϤ⧰ংāĻ— āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•িāϝ় āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়?

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5. Which characteristic of the sound helps you to identify your friend by his voice while sitting with others in a dark room?

āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟোā§° āĻ•োāύāϟো āĻŦিāĻļেāώāϤ্āĻŦāχ āφāĻĒোāύাāĻ• āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻŦāύ্āϧুāĻ• āφāύ্āϧাā§° āĻ•োāĻ াāϤ āφāύ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āĻŦāĻšি āĻĨāĻ•াā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻ•āĻŖ্āĻ āϏ্āĻŦā§°ে āϚিāύাāĻ•্āϤ āϕ⧰াāϤ āϏāĻšাāϝ় āϕ⧰ে?

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6. Flash and thunder are produced simultaneously. But thunder is heard a few seconds after the flash is seen, why?

āĻĢ্āϞেāĻ› āφ⧰ু āĻŦāϜ্ā§°āĻĒাāϤ āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāύ্āύ āĻšāϝ়। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŦāϜ্ā§°āĻĒাāϤ āĻĢ্āϞেāĻ› āϟো āĻĻেāĻ–াā§° āĻ•েāχāĻ›েāĻ•েāĻŖ্āĻĄāĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āĻļুāύা āϝাāϝ়, āĻ•িāϝ়?

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7. A person has a hearing range from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. What are the typical wavelengths of sound waves in air corresponding to these two frequencies? Take the speed of sound in air as 344 m s-1.

āĻāϜāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻļ্ā§°ā§ąāĻŖ āĻļāĻ•্āϤি 20 āĻšাā§°্āϜ⧰ āĻĒā§°া 20 āĻ•িāϞোā§ąাāϟāϞৈāĻ•ে āĻšāϝ়। āĻāχ āĻĻুāϟা āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒāύাāĻ™্āϕ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ•িāϤ āĻŦাāϝ়ুāϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϤ⧰ংāĻ—ā§° āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖ āϤ⧰ংāĻ—āĻĻৈā§°্āϘ্āϝ āĻ•ি? āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āĻ—āϤি 344 āĻŽিāϟাā§° āĻāĻ›-1 āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āϞāĻ“ঁāĻ•।

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8. Two children are at opposite ends of an aluminium rod. One strikes the end of the rod with a stone. Find the ratio of times taken by the sound wave in air and in aluminium to reach the second child.

āĻĻুāϟা āĻļিāĻļু āĻāϞুāĻŽিāύিāϝ়াāĻŽ ā§°āĻĄā§° āĻŦিāĻĒā§°ীāϤ āĻŽূā§°āϤ āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻāϜāύে ā§°āĻĄāϟোā§° āĻļেāώāϤ āĻāϟা āĻļিāϞেā§°ে āφāϘাāϤ āϕ⧰ে। āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় āϏāύ্āϤাāύ⧰ āĻ“āϚ⧰āϞৈ āϝাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦাāϝ়ু āφ⧰ু āĻāϞুāĻŽিāύিāϝ়াāĻŽāϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϤ⧰ংāĻ—ā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϞোā§ąা āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤ āύিā§°্āĻŖāϝ় āϕ⧰āĻ•।

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9. The frequency of a source of sound is 100 Hz. How many times does it vibrate in a minute?

āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏāĻāϟাā§° āϏāϘāύāϤা āĻšৈāĻ›ে 100 āĻšাā§°্āϜ। āχ āĻāĻ• āĻŽিāύিāϟāϤ āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ āĻŦাā§° āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻĒāύ āϕ⧰ে?

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10. Does sound follow the same laws of reflection as light does? Explain.

āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāχ āĻĒোāĻšā§°ā§° āĻĻā§°ে āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻĢāϞāύ⧰ āύিāϝ়āĻŽāĻ…āύুāϏ⧰āĻŖ āϕ⧰ে āύেāĻ•ি? āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ–্āϝা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

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11. When a sound is reflected from a distant object, an echo is produced. Let the distance between the reflecting surface and the source of sound production remains the same. Do you hear echo sound on a hotter day?

āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ•োāύো āĻĻূā§°ā§ąā§°্āϤী āĻŦāϏ্āϤুā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻāϟা āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻĢāϞিāϤ āĻšāϝ়, āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϧ্āĻŦāύি āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšāϝ়। āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻĢāϞিāϤ āĻĒৃāώ্āĻ  āφ⧰ু āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒাāĻĻāύ⧰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ⧰ āĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻĻূā§°āϤ্āĻŦ āĻāĻ•ে āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻŦ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•। āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ—ā§°āĻŽāĻĻিāύāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϧ্āĻŦāύিā§° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻļুāύিāĻ›ে āύেāĻ•ি?

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12. Give two practical applications of reflection of sound waves. 13. A stone is dropped from the top of a tower 500 m high into a pond of water at the base of the tower. When is the splash heard at the top? Given, g = 10 m s2 and speed of sound = 340 m s¹.


14. A sound wave travels at a speed of 339 m s-¹. If its


wavelength is 1.5 cm, what is the frequency of the wave?

Will it be audible?


15. What is reverberation? How can it be reduced?

āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϧ্āĻŦāύি āĻ•ি? āχāϝ়াāĻ• āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻš্ā§°াāϏ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি?

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16. What is loudness of sound? What factors does it depend on?

āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āωāϚ্āϚāϏ্āĻŦā§° āĻ•ি? āχ āĻ•ি āĻ•াā§°āϕ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āύিā§°্āĻ­ā§° āϕ⧰ে?

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17. Explain how bats use ultrasound to catch a prey.

āĻŦাāĻĻুāϞিāĻŦোā§°ে āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āϚিāĻ•াā§° āĻāϟা āϧ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āφāϞ্āϟ্ā§°াāϚাāωāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ে āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

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18. How is ultrasound used for cleaning?

āĻĒā§°িāώ্āĻ•াā§° āϕ⧰াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āφāϞ্āϟ্ā§°াāϚাāωāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়?

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19. Explain the working and application of a sonar.

āϏোāĻŖাā§° ā§° āĻ•াāĻŽ āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāĻ— āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

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20. A sonar device on a submarine sends out a signal and receives an echo 5 s later. Calculate the speed of sound in water if the distance of the object from the submarine is 3625 m.

āϚাāĻŦāĻŽেā§°িāύāϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻāϟা āϏোāĻŖাā§° āĻĄিāĻ­াāχāϚে āĻāϟা āϏংāĻ•েāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°েā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰ে āφ⧰ু 5 āĻ›েāĻ•েāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϧ্āĻŦāύি āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϤ āϕ⧰ে। āϚাāĻŦāĻŽেā§°িāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϟোā§° āĻĻূā§°āϤ্āĻŦ 3625 āĻŽিāϟাā§° āĻš'āϞে āĻĒাāύীāϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āĻ—āϤি āĻ—āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

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21. Explain how defects in a metal block can be detected using ultrasound.

āφāϞ্āϟ্ā§°াāϚাāωāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ি āϧাāϤুāĻ–āĻŖ্āĻĄāĻāϟাāϤ āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āϤ্ā§°ুāϟি āϚিāύাāĻ•্āϤ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

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22. Explain how the human ear works.

āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻ•াāĻŖে āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ে āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•।

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Question Type -By Parina Hazarika 


Post Id: DABP002934