Chapter 9
āĻ āϧ্āϝাāϝ় ⧝
Heredity And Evolution
āĻā§°্āĻāϧাā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°ু āĻŦিā§ąā§°্āϤāύ
EXERCISES
āĻŦ্ā§াā§াāĻŽ āϏāĻŽূāĻš
ā§§) āĻŽেāĻŖ্āĻĄেāϞিāϝ়াāύ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ্āώাāϤ āĻŦেāĻুāύীāϝ়া ā§°āĻā§° āĻĢুāϞ āĻĨāĻা āĻāĻ āĻŽāĻā§° āĻāĻā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻŦāĻা āĻĢুāϞ āĻĨāĻা āĻুāĻি āĻŽāĻā§° āĻāĻā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻāύāύ āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻিāϞ। āĻŦংāĻļāϧ⧰ āϏāĻāϞোā§ąেāĻ āĻŦেāĻুāύীāϝ়া ā§°āĻā§° āĻĢুāϞ āĻāύ্āĻŽ āĻĻিāĻিāϞ। āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻāϝ়াā§°ে āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় āĻāϧা āĻুāĻি āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻ āύুāĻŽাāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি āϝে āĻāĻ āĻĒিāϤৃ-āĻŽাāϤৃā§° āĻিāύীāϝ় āĻāĻ āύāĻ āĻāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻিāϤ্ā§°িāϤ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ি
2. An example of homologous organs is
⧍) āϏāĻŽā§°ূāĻĒী āĻ ংāĻā§° āĻāĻা āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻš’āϞ
(āĻ) āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻŦাāĻšু āĻā§°ু āĻāĻা āĻুāĻুā§°ā§° āĻāĻāĻā§°ি।
(āĻ) āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻĻাঁāϤ āĻā§°ু āĻāĻা āĻšাāϤীā§° āĻĻাঁāϤ।
(c) potato and runners of grass.
(āĻ) āĻāϞু āĻā§°ু āĻাঁāĻšā§° āĻĻৌā§°āĻŦিāĻĻ।
(āĻ) āĻāĻĒā§°ā§° āϏāĻāϞোāĻŦোā§°।
3. In evolutionary terms, we have more in common with
ā§Š/ āĻŦিā§ąā§°্āϤāύ⧰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻāĻŽাā§° āϞāĻāϤ āĻ āϧিāĻ āĻŽিāϞ āĻāĻে
(āĻ) āĻāĻāύ āĻীāύা āϏ্āĻুāϞীāϝ়া āϞ’ā§°া।
(āĻ) āĻāĻা āĻিāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻ্āĻী।
(āĻ) āĻāĻা āĻŽāĻā§°া।
(āĻ) āĻāĻা āĻŦেāĻ্āĻেā§°িāϝ়া।
4. A study found that children with light-coloured eyes are likely to have parents with light-coloured eyes. On this basis, can we say anything about whether the light eye colour trait is dominant or recessive? Why or why not?
4. āĻāĻা āĻ āϧ্āϝāϝ়āύāϤ āĻĻেāĻা āĻৈāĻে āϝে āĻĒাāϤāϞ ā§°āĻā§° āĻāĻুāĻĨāĻা āĻļিāĻļুā§° āĻĒাāϤāϞ ā§°āĻā§° āĻāĻুāĻĨāĻা āĻĒিāϤৃ-āĻŽাāϤৃ āĻĨāĻাā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻাā§ąāύা āĻāĻে। āĻāĻ āĻিāϤ্āϤিāϤ, āĻĒাāϤāϞ āĻāĻুā§° ā§°āĻā§° āĻŦিāĻļেāώāϤ্āĻŦāĻো āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ąāĻļাāϞী āύে āĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝাāĻļিāϤ āϏেāĻ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻāĻŽি āĻিāĻŦা āĻ'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°োঁāύে? āĻিāϝ় āĻŦা āĻিāϝ় āύāĻšāϝ়?
Ans-
5. How are the areas of study-evolution and classification-interlinked?
ā§Ģ/ āĻ āϧ্āϝāϝ়āύ-āĻŦিā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āĻā§°ু āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীāĻŦিāĻাāĻāύ⧰ āĻ্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻেāύেāĻৈ āĻāύ্āϤঃāϏংāϝোāĻী?
6. Explain the terms analogous and homologous organs with examples.
ā§Ŧ) āĻ āύুā§°ূāĻĒ āĻā§°ু āϏāĻŽā§°ূāĻĒী āĻ ংāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĻুāĻা āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻĻি āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°া।
7. Outline a project which aims to find the dominant coat colour in dogs.
ā§) āĻāĻা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻāϞ্āĻĒā§° ā§°ূāĻĒā§°েāĻা āĻĻাāĻি āϧ⧰া āϝাā§° āϞāĻ্āώ্āϝ āĻšৈāĻে āĻুāĻুā§°āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϧাāύ āĻোāĻā§° ā§°ং āĻŦিāĻাā§°ি āĻāϞিāĻā§ąা।
Ans-
8. Explain the importance of fossils in deciding evolutionary relationships.
ā§Ž) āĻŦিā§ąā§°্āϤāύāĻļীāϞ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ āύিā§°্āĻŖāϝ় āĻā§°াāϤ āĻীā§ąাāĻļ্āĻŽā§° āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°া।
Ans-
9. What evidence do we have for the origin of life from inanimate matter?
⧝) āύিā§°্āĻীā§ą āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻীā§ąāύ⧰ āĻā§āĻĒāϤ্āϤিā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻšাāϤāϤ āĻি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻāĻে?
10. Explain how sexual reproduction gives rise to more viable variations than asexual reproduction. How does this affect the evolution of those organisms that reproduce sexually?
ā§§ā§Ļ) āϝৌāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻāύāύে āĻ āϝৌāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻāύāύāϤāĻৈ āĻেāύেāĻৈ āĻ āϧিāĻ āĻাā§°্āϝ্āϝāĻ্āώāĻŽ āϤাā§°āϤāĻŽ্āϝ⧰ āĻāύ্āĻŽ āĻĻিāϝ়ে, āϏেāĻ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ্āϝা āĻā§°া। āϝৌāύ āĻŦংāĻļāĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻā§°া āϏেāĻ āĻীā§ąāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻŦিā§ąā§°্āϤāύāϤ āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻেāύেāĻুā§ąা āĻšāϝ়?
11. How is the equal genetic contribution of male and female parents ensured in the progeny?
ā§§ā§§) āĻŦংāĻļāϧ⧰āϤ āĻĒুā§°ুāώ āĻā§°ু āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āĻĒিāϤৃ-āĻŽাāϤৃā§° āϏāĻŽাāύ āĻিāύীāϝ় āĻ ā§ąāĻĻাāύ āĻেāύেāĻৈ āύিāĻļ্āĻিāϤ āĻā§°া āĻšāϝ়?
12. Only variations that confer an advantage to an individual organism will survive in a population. Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not?
⧧⧍) āĻāĻা āĻāύāϏংāĻ্āϝাāϤ āĻেā§ąāϞ āĻāĻা āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিāĻāϤ āĻীā§ąāĻ āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āĻā§°া āĻিāύ্āύāϤাāĻŦোā§°āĻšে āĻীāϝ়াāĻ āĻĨাāĻিāĻŦ। āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻ্āϤāĻŦ্āϝāϤ āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻāĻāĻŽāϤ āύেāĻি? āĻিāϝ় āĻŦা āĻিāϝ় āύāĻšāϝ়?