Chapter 6

āĻ…āϧ্⧟া⧟ ā§Ŧ

Life Processes

āϜীā§ąāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়া

EXERCISES

āĻŦ্⧟া⧟াāĻŽ

 1. The kidneys in human beings are a part of the system for

ā§§/ āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻŦৃāĻ•্āĻ•āĻŦোā§° āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϟোā§° āĻāϟা āĻ…ংāĻļā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে

 (a) nutrition.                    (c) excretion.

(āĻ•) āĻĒুāώ্āϟি।                         (āĻ—) āύিāώ্āĻ•াāĻļāύ।

 (b) respiration.                (d) transportation.

(āĻ–) āĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ-āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ।              (āϘ) āĻĒā§°িāĻŦāĻšāĻŖ।

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2. The xylem in plants are responsible for 

⧍) āωāĻĻ্āĻ­িāĻĻāϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āϜাāχāϞেāĻŽā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻাāϝ়ী

(a) transport of water.             (c) transport of amino acids.

(āĻ•) āĻĒাāύী āĻĒā§°িāĻŦāĻšāĻŖ।                (āĻ—) āĻāĻŽিāύো āĻāϚিāĻĄā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻŦāĻšāĻŖ।

 (b) transport of food.             (d) transport of oxygen.

(āĻ–) āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝ āĻĒā§°িāĻŦāĻšāĻŖ।                 (āϘ) āĻ…āĻ•্āϏিāϜেāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°িāĻŦāĻšāĻŖ।

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3. The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires

ā§Š/ āĻ…āϟোāϟ্ā§°āĻĢিāĻ• āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻĒুāώ্āϟিā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύ

 (a) carbon dioxide and water.                     (c) sunlight.

(āĻ•) āĻ•াā§°্āĻŦāύ āĻĄাāχ āĻ…āĻ•্āϏাāχāĻĄ āφ⧰ু āĻĒাāύী।         (āĻ—) āϏূā§°্āϝ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒোāĻšā§°।

 (b) chlorophyll.          (d) all of the above.

(āĻ–) āĻ•্āϞ’ā§°’āĻĢিāϞ।             (āϘ) āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻŦোā§°।

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4. The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in

ā§Ē) āĻĒাāχ⧰ুāĻ­েāϟ⧰ āĻ­াāĻ™ি āĻ•াā§°্āĻŦāύ āĻĄাāχ āĻ…āĻ•্āϏাāχāĻĄ, āĻĒাāύী āφ⧰ু āĻļāĻ•্āϤি āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়

 (a) cytoplasm. (āϚাāχāϟ’āĻĒ্āϞাāϜāĻŽ।)

 (b) mitochondria. (āĻŽাāχāϟ’āĻ•āĻŖ্āĻĄ্ā§°িāϝ়া।)

 (c) chloroplast. (āĻ•্āϞ'ā§°'āĻĒ্āϞাāώ্āϟ।)

 (d) nucleus. (āύিāωāĻ•্āϞিāϝ়াāĻ›।)

  Ans-


5. How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place?

ā§Ģ/ āφāĻŽাā§° āĻļā§°ীā§°āϤ āϚ⧰্āĻŦি āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻšāϜāĻŽ āĻšāϝ়? āĻāχ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়াāϟো āĻ•’āϤ āϏংāϘāϟিāϤ āĻšāϝ়?

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 6. What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food?

ā§Ŧ) āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝ āĻšāϜāĻŽāϤ āϞাāϞাā§° āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻ•ি?

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7. What are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and what are its by products?

ā§­/ āĻ…āϟোāϟ্ā§°āĻĢিāĻ• āĻĒুāώ্āϟিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ় āϚ⧰্āϤāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻ•ি āĻ•ি āφ⧰ু āχāϝ়াā§° āωāĻĒāϜাāϤ āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ীāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻ•ি āĻ•ি?

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8. What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration.

ā§Ž) āĻā§°োāĻŦিāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻāύাā§°োāĻŦিāĻ• āĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ-āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ⧰ āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āĻ•ি āĻ•ি? āĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ-āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ⧰ āĻāύাā§°োāĻŦিāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤি āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āϜীā§ąā§° āύাāĻŽ āϞিāĻ–া।

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9. How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases?

⧝) āĻ—েāϛ⧰ āĻŦিāύিāĻŽāϝ় āϏ⧰্āĻŦাāϧিāĻ• āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°াāĻ•ৈ āĻļ্āĻŦাāϏāύাāϞীāĻŦোā§° āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻĄিāϜাāχāύ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে?

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10. What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies?

ā§§ā§Ļ) āφāĻŽাā§° āĻļā§°ীā§°āϤ āĻšিāĻŽ’āĻ—্āϞāĻŦিāύ⧰ āĻ…āĻ­াā§ą āĻš’āϞে āĻ•ি āĻĒā§°িāĻŖāϤি āĻš’āĻŦ?

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 11. Describe double circulation of blood in human beings. Why is it necessary?

ā§§ā§§) āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āϤেāϜ⧰ āĻĻুāĻ—ুāĻŖ āĻĒā§°িāϏāĻž্āϚাāϞāύ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰া। āĻ•িāϝ় āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ়?

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12. What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?

⧧⧍) āϜাāχāϞেāĻŽ āφ⧰ু āĻĢ্āϞ’āχāĻŽāϤ āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻŦāĻšāĻŖā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āĻ•ি?

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13. Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with respect to their structure and functioning.

ā§§ā§Š) āĻšাāĻ“ঁāĻĢাāĻ“ঁāϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻāϞāĻ­িāĻ…’āϞি āφ⧰ু āĻŦৃāĻ•্āϕ⧰ āύেāĻĢ্ā§°āύ⧰ āĻ•াā§°্āϝ্āϝāĻ•āϞাāĻĒā§° āĻ—āĻ āύ āφ⧰ু āĻ•াā§°্āϝ্āϝāĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤাā§° āϏৈāϤে āϤুāϞāύা āϕ⧰া।

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