Chapter 10

āĻ…āϧ্⧟া⧟ ā§§ā§Ļ

Light-Reflection and Refracton

āĻĒোāĻšā§°-āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻĢāϞāύ āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāĻŦā§°্āϤāύ

EXERCISES

āĻŦ্āϝাāϝ়াāĻŽৃ

 1. Which one of the following materials cannot be used to make a lens?

ā§§/ āϤāϞ⧰ āĻ•োāύāϟো āϏাāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°ী āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ি āϞেāύ্āϏ āĻŦāύাāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ি?

 (a) Water  ( āĻĒাāύী)

 (b) Glass  ( āĻ•াঁāϚ)

 (c) Plastic (āĻĒ্āϞাāώ্āϟিāĻ•)

 (d) Clay   (āĻŽাāϟি)

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2. The image formed by a concave mirror is observed to be virtual, erect and larger than the object. Where should be the position of the object?

⧍) āĻ…ā§ąāϤāϞ āĻĻাāĻĒোāύ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻ›āĻŦিāĻ–āύ āĻ­াā§°্āϚুā§ąেāϞ, āĻĨিāϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϟোāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻĄাāϙ⧰ āĻšোā§ąা āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāϝ়। āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϟোā§° āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ•’āϤ āĻš’āĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে?

 (a) Between the principal focus and the centre of curvature

(āĻ•) āĻĒ্ā§°āϧাāύ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্ā§° āφ⧰ু āĻŦāĻ•্ā§°āϤাā§° āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্ā§°ā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ

 (b) At the centre of curvature

(āĻ–) āĻŦāĻ•্ā§°āϤাā§° āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্ā§°āϤ

 (c) Beyond the centre of curvature

(āĻ—) āĻŦāĻ•্ā§°āϤাā§° āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্ā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻšিā§°āϤ

 (d) Between the pole of the mirror and its principal focus.

(āϘ) āφāχāύাāĻ–āύ⧰ āĻŽেā§°ু āφ⧰ু āχāϝ়াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϧাāύ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্ā§°āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻুā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ।

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3. Where should an object be placed in front of a convex lens to get a real image of the size of the object?

ā§Š) āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϟোā§° āφāĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤ āĻ›āĻŦি āĻĒাāĻŦāϞৈ āωāϤ্āϤāϞ āϞেāύ্āϏ⧰ āϏāύ্āĻŽুāĻ–āϤ āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻāϟা āĻ•’āϤ ā§°াāĻ–িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে?

 (a) At the principal focus of the lens

(āĻ•) āϞেāύ্āϏ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϧাāύ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্ā§°āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻুāϤ

 (b) At twice the focal length

(āĻ–) āĻĢ’āĻ•েāϞ āϞেংāĻĨā§° āĻĻুāĻ—ুāĻŖāϤ

 (c) At infinity

(āĻ—) āĻ…āϏীāĻŽāϤ

 (d) Between the optical centre of the lens and its principal focus.

(āϘ) āϞেāύ্āϏ⧰ āφāϞোāĻ•ীāϝ় āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্ā§° āφ⧰ু āχāϝ়াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϧাāύ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্ā§°āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻুā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ।

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4. A spherical mirror and a thin spherical lens have each a focal length of -15 cm. The mirror and the lens are likely to be

ā§Ē) āĻāϟা āĻ—োāϞাāĻ•াā§° āĻĻাāĻĒোāύ āφ⧰ু āĻāϟা āĻĒাāϤāϞ āĻ—োāϞাāĻ•াā§° āϞেāύ্āϏ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤ্āϝেāϕ⧰ে āĻĢ’āĻ•েāϞ āϞেংāĻĨ -ā§§ā§Ģ āϚে.āĻŽি. āφāχāύা āφ⧰ু āϞেāύ্āϏ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­াā§ąāύা āφāĻ›ে

 (a) both concave.

(āĻ•) āĻĻুāϝ়োāϟা āĻ…ā§ąāϤāϞ।

 (b) both convex.

(āĻ–) āĻĻুāϝ়োāϟা āωāϤ্āϤāϞ।

 (c) the mirror is concave and the lens is convex.

(āĻ—) āφāχāύাāĻ–āύ āĻ…ā§ąāϤāϞ āφ⧰ু āϞেāύ্āϏāĻ–āύ āωāϤ্āϤāϞ।

 (d) the mirror is convex, but the lens is concave.

(āϘ) āφāχāύাāĻ–āύ āωāϤ্āϤāϞ, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϞেāύ্āϏāĻ–āύ āĻ…ā§ąāϤāϞ।

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5. No matter how far you stand from a mirror, your image appears erect. The mirror is likely to be

ā§Ģ/ āφāχāύা āĻāĻ–āύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āϝিāĻŽাāύেāχ āĻĻূā§°āϤ āĻĨিāϝ় āύāĻšāĻ“āĻ• āĻ•িāϝ়, āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻ›āĻŦিāĻ–āύ āĻĨিāϝ় āĻšৈ āĻĨāĻ•া āϝেāύ āϞাāĻ—ে। āφāχāύাāĻ–āύ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­াā§ąāύা āφāĻ›ে

 (a) only plane.

(āĻ•) āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ।

 (b) only concave.

(āĻ–) āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻ…ā§ąāϤāϞ।

 (c) only convex.

(āĻ—) āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āωāϤ্āϤāϞ।

 (d) either plane or convex.

(āϘ) āĻšāϝ় āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻŦা āωāϤ্āϤāϞ।

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6. Which of the following lenses would you prefer to use while reading small letters found in a dictionary?

ā§Ŧ/ āĻ…āĻ­িāϧাāύāϤ āĻĒোā§ąা āϏ⧰ু āϏ⧰ু āφāĻ–ā§°āĻŦোā§° āĻĒāĻĸ়ি āĻĨাāĻ•োঁāϤে āϤāϞ⧰ āĻ•োāύāϟো āϞেāύ্āϏ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰াāϟো āĻĒāĻ›āύ্āĻĻ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ?

 (a) A convex lens of focal length 50 cm. 

(āĻ•) āĻĢ’āĻ•েāϞ āϞেংāĻĨ ā§Ģā§Ļ āϚে.āĻŽি.ā§° āĻāϟা āωāϤ্āϤāϞ āϞেāύ্āϏ।

(b) A concave lens of focal length 50 cm.

(āĻ–) āĻĢ’āĻ•েāϞ āĻĻৈā§°্āϘ্āϝ ā§Ģā§Ļ āϚে.āĻŽি.ā§° āĻāϟা āĻ…ā§ąāϤāϞ āϞেāύ্āϏ।

 (c) A convex lens of focal length 5 cm.

(āĻ—) ā§Ģ āϚে.āĻŽি. āĻĢ’āĻ•েāϞ āĻĻৈā§°্āϘ্āϝ⧰ āĻāϟা āωāϤ্āϤāϞ āϞেāύ্āϏ।

 (d) A concave lens of focal length 5 cm.

(āϘ) ā§Ģ āϚে.āĻŽি. āĻĢ’āĻ•েāϞ āĻĻৈā§°্āϘ্āϝ⧰ āĻāϟা āĻ…ā§ąāϤāϞ āϞেāύ্āϏ।

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7. We wish to obtain an erect image of an object, using a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. What should be the range of distance of the object from the mirror? What is the nature of the image? Is the image larger or smaller than the object? Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in this case.

ā§­) āφāĻŽি ā§§ā§Ģ āϚে.āĻŽি. āĻĢ’āĻ•েāϞ āĻĻৈā§°্āϘ্āϝ⧰ āĻ…ā§ąāϤāϞ āĻĻাāĻĒোāύ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ি āĻ•োāύো āĻŦāϏ্āϤুā§° āĻĨিāϝ় āĻ›āĻŦি āĻāĻ–āύ āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ো। āφāχāύাāĻ–āύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϟোā§° āĻĻূā§°āϤ্āĻŦā§° āĻĒā§°িāϏ⧰ āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ āĻš’āĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে? āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϚ্āĻ›āĻŦিā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤি āĻ•ি? āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϟোāϤāĻ•ৈ āĻ›āĻŦিāĻ–āύ āĻĄাāϙ⧰ āύে āϏ⧰ু? āĻāχ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻ›āĻŦি āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĻেāĻ–ুā§ąাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāϟা ā§°āĻļ্āĻŽি āĻĄাāϝ়েāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽ āφঁāĻ•িāĻŦ।

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8. Name the type of mirror used in the following situations. 

ā§Ž) āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া āĻĻাāĻĒোāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াā§°ā§° āύাāĻŽ āϞিāĻ–া।

(a) Headlights of a car.

(āĻ•) āĻ—াāĻĄ়ীā§° āĻšেāĻĄāϞাāχāϟ।

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(b) Side/rear-view mirror of a vehicle.

(āĻ–) āĻŦাāĻšāύ⧰ āĻ•াāώ/āĻĒিāĻ›āĻĢাāϞ⧰ āĻĻাāĻĒোāύ।

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(c) Solar furnace Support your answer with reason.

(āĻ—) āϏৌā§° āϚুāϞা āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āωāϤ্āϤ⧰āϟো āϝুāĻ•্āϤিā§°ে āϏāĻŽā§°্āĻĨāύ āϕ⧰āĻ•।

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 9. One-half of a convex lens is covered with a black paper. Will this lens produce a complete image of the object? Verify your answer experimentally. Explain your observations.

⧝) āωāϤ্āϤāϞ āϞেāύ্āϏ⧰ āφāϧা āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻ•’āϞা āĻ•াāĻ—āϜেā§°ে āĻĸাāĻ•ি āĻĨোā§ąা āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻāχ āϞেāύ্āϏে āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϟোā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϚ্āĻ›āĻŦি āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāύ্āύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāύে? āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাāĻŽূāϞāĻ•āĻ­াā§ąে āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āωāϤ্āϤ⧰āϟো āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰āĻ•। āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻĒā§°্āϝāĻŦেāĻ•্āώāĻŖāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻŦুāϜাāχ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•।

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10. An object 5 cm in length is held 25 cm away from a converging lens of focal length 10 cm. Draw the ray diagram and find the position, size and the nature of the image formed.

ā§§ā§Ļ) ā§Ģ āϚে.āĻŽি. āĻĻৈā§°্āϘ্āϝ⧰ āĻāϟা āĻŦāϏ্āϤু ā§§ā§Ļ āϚে.āĻŽি.ā§° āĻĢ’āĻ•েāϞ āĻĻৈā§°্āϘ্āϝ⧰ āĻ…āĻ­িāϏ⧰āĻŖāĻ•াā§°ী āϞেāύ্āϏ⧰ āĻĒā§°া ⧍ā§Ģ āϚে.āĻŽি. ā§°āĻļ্āĻŽিā§° āĻĄাāϝ়েāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽāϟো āφঁāĻ•ি āĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻ›āĻŦিāĻ–āύ⧰ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāύ, āφāĻ•াā§° āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤি āĻŦিāϚাā§°ি āωāϞিāϝ়াāĻ“āĻ•।

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11. A concave lens of focal length 15 cm forms an image 10 cm from the lens. How far is the object placed from the lens? Draw the ray diagram.

ā§§ā§§) ā§§ā§Ģ āϚেāύ্āϟিāĻŽিāϟাā§° āĻĢ’āĻ•েāϞ āϞেংāĻĨā§° āĻāϟা āĻ…ā§ąāϤāϞ āϞেāύ্āϏে āϞেāύ্āϏ⧰ āĻĒā§°া ā§§ā§Ļ āϚেāύ্āϟিāĻŽিāϟাā§° āĻĻূā§°āϤ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ›āĻŦি āĻ—āĻ āύ āϕ⧰ে। āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāϟো āϞেāύ্āϏ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ āĻĻূā§°āϤ ā§°āĻ–া āĻšৈāĻ›ে? ā§°āĻļ্āĻŽিā§° āĻĄাāϝ়েāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽāϟো āφঁāĻ•িāĻŦ।

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12. An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Find the position and nature of the image. 13. The magnification produced by a plane mirror is +1. What does this mean?

⧧⧍) ā§§ā§Ģ āϚেāύ্āϟিāĻŽিāϟাā§° āĻĢ’āĻ•েāϞ āϞেংāĻĨā§° āωāϤ্āϤāϞ āĻĻাāĻĒোāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া ā§§ā§Ļ āϚেāύ্āϟিāĻŽিāϟাā§° āĻĻূā§°āϤ্āĻŦāϤ āĻāϟা āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়। āĻ›āĻŦিāĻ–āύ⧰ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤি āĻŦিāϚাā§°āĻ•। ā§§ā§Š) āϏāĻŽāϤāϞ āĻĻাāĻĒোāύ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāύ্āύ āĻšোā§ąা āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āĻš’āϞ +ā§§। āχāϝ়াā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻ•ি?

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14. An object 5.0 cm in length is placed at a distance of 20 cm in front of a convex mirror of radius of curvature 30 cm. Find the position of the image, its nature and size.

ā§§ā§Ē) ā§Ģ.ā§Ļ āϚেāύ্āϟিāĻŽিāϟাā§° āĻĻৈā§°্āϘ্āϝ⧰ āĻāϟা āĻŦāϏ্āϤু ā§Šā§Ļ āϚেāύ্āϟিāĻŽিāϟাā§° āĻŦāĻ•্ā§°āϤা āĻŦ্āϝাāϏাā§°্āϧ⧰ āωāϤ্āϤāϞ āĻĻাāĻĒোāύ⧰ āϏāύ্āĻŽুāĻ–āϤ ⧍ā§Ļ āϚেāύ্āϟিāĻŽিāϟাā§° āĻĻূā§°āϤ্āĻŦāϤ ā§°āĻ–া āĻšāϝ়। āĻ›āĻŦিāĻ–āύ⧰ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāύ, āχāϝ়াā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤি āφ⧰ু āφāĻ•াā§° āĻŦিāϚাā§°āĻ•।

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15. An object of size 7.0 cm is placed at 27 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 18 cm. At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed, so that a sharp focussed image can be obtained? Find the size and the nature of the image.

ā§§ā§Ģ) ā§­.ā§Ļ āϚে.āĻŽি. āφāĻ•াā§°ā§° āĻŦāϏ্āϤু āĻāϟা ā§§ā§Ž āϚে.āĻŽি. āĻĢ’āĻ•েāϞ āϞেংāĻĨā§° āĻ…ā§ąāϤāϞ āĻĻাāĻĒোāύ⧰ āϏāύ্āĻŽুāĻ–āϤ ⧍⧭ āϚে.āĻŽি. āφāχāύাāĻ–āύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ āĻĻূā§°āϤ্āĻŦāϤ āĻĒā§°্āĻĻা āĻāĻ–āύ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে, āϝাāϤে āϚোāĻ•া āĻĢ’āĻ•াāϚ āϕ⧰া āĻ›āĻŦি āĻāĻ–āύ āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āϝাāϝ়? āĻ›āĻŦিāĻ–āύ⧰ āφāĻ•াā§° āφ⧰ু āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•ৃāϤি āĻŦিāϚাā§°āĻ•।

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16. Find the focal length of a lens of power-2.0 D. What type of lens is this? 

16. āĻļāĻ•্āϤি-2.0 ā§° āĻāϟা āϞেāύ্āϏ⧰ āĻĢ’āĻ•েāϞ āϞেংāĻĨ āĻŦিāϚাā§°āĻ• D. āĻāχāϟো āĻ•ি āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āϞেāύ্āϏ?

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17. A doctor has prescribed a corrective lens of power +1.5 D. Find the focal length of the lens. Is the prescribed lens diverging or converging?

ā§§ā§­) āĻāϜāύ āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏāĻ•ে āĻļāĻ•্āϤি +ā§§.ā§Ģ D ā§° āϏংāĻļোāϧāύী āϞেāύ্āϏ āύিā§°্āϧাā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে।āϞেāύ্āϏ⧰ āĻĢ’āĻ•েāϞ āϞেংāĻĨ āĻŦিāϚাā§°āĻ•। āύিā§°্āϧাā§°িāϤ āϞেāύ্āϏāĻ–āύ āĻŦিāϚ্āĻ›িāύ্āύ āĻšৈ āφāĻ›ে āύে āĻ…āĻ­িāϏ⧰āĻŖ āĻšৈāĻ›ে?

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