ANT-HC-2016
Archaeological Anthropology
Credit 6 (Theory: 4; Practical: 2)

COURSE OBJECTIVE: To provide an understanding of the prehistoric and archaeological background of evolution, variation and continuity of human society and culture.

COURSE OUTCOME:
• Student will be acquainted with archaeometrical background of prehistoric, 
protohistoric and historical evolution of human culture.
• Students will have practical understanding of prehistoric culture through tool 
technology and pottery technology.

Theory

Unit I: Introduction
Definition and scope of archaeological anthropology, Relation with other Disciplines. Division of Prehistoric period: Stone age and metal age; Lower Paleolithic, Middle Middle Paleolithic and Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic (Characteristic features of the period in general).

Unit II: Methods of studying archaeological anthropology: Archaeological, Paleontological and Geological Methods of classifications, Methods of Field Archaeology: Concept of site, artifact, culture and industry, Site survey and Aerial photography Excavation: Concepts, tools and test pits. Concept of Ethno archaeology and new archaeology

Unit III: Methods of Estimation of Time and Reconstruction of the PastAbsolute dating methods ( Radio-Carbon,Potassium Argon, Thermoluminiscence, Dendrochronology), Relative dating methods ( Stratigraphy, Typology, Patination, Seriation, Palynology, Palaeontology, Flurin Analysis, Varve-Clay analysis).Methods of climatic reconstruction: palynology, paleontology, soil pH estimation.

Unit IV: Geochronology of Pleistocene Epoch 
Plio-Pleistocene Boundary
Glacial and Interglacial 
Pluviation and Inter Pluviation
Different types of geo-climatic events

Unit V: Typo-Technological study of the prehistoric tools
Unit VI: Earliest Evidence of Culture in the World 
Konso, Olorgesailie, Olduvai Gorge 
Pirro Nord, Dmanisi
Attirampakkam, Isampur 
Soanian and Madrasian Culture

Practical
1. Typo-technological Analysis of Prehistoric Tools: Identification, Interpretation and Drawings of the tool Types

a. Core Tool Types
b. Flake Tool Types
c. Blade Tool Types
d. Microlithic Tool Type
e. Neolithic Tool Type

2. Ceramic Technology: Basic concept (Students have to draw one wheel made, one hand made and one partly wheel made and partly hand made pottery.)

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ANT-HC-2026
Fundamentals of Human Origin & Evolution
Credit 6 (Theory: 4; Practical: 2)

COURSE OBJECTIVE: Provide an understanding of the evolutionary stages of man. 

COURSE OUTCOME:
• Students will learn about the stages of human evolutionary development.
• Will know about the fossil finds on the basis of which the evolutionary stages are 
identified.

Theory
Unit I: Primate origins and evolution with special reference to Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene: Plesiadiformes, Adapoidea, Omomyoidea, Anaptomorphidae, Parapithecus, Propliopithecus, Limnopithecus, Proconsul, Dryopithecus, Sivapithecus, Ramapithecus and Giganthopithecus

Unit II: Human Origin on the basis of interpretation of fossil evidences:
    1.Ardipithecus: Sahelenthropus tchadnensis, Ororin tugensis, Ardipithecus ramidus
    2.Australopithecines: distribution, features and their phylogenetic relationships.
    3. The emergence of genus Homo: Homo habilis and Homo erectus, Narmada Man
    4. The emergence of Archaic Homo sapiens: Neanderthals 

Unit III: Hominisation Process

Unit IV: Origin of modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) and their distribution and features: Cro Magnon, Grimaldi, Chancelade, 

Unit V: Evolutionary Change in Human Skeleton with special reference to Skull, dentition, Vertebral 
Column, Pelvis, Femur and Foot
Human Skeletal morphology: cranial osteology, post-cranial osteology and dentition.

Practical 

1: Drawing, description and identification of skulls of any two from each:
a) Living Anthropoid Skull: Gorilla, Chimpanzee, Orangutan and Gibbon.
b) Fossil Anthropoid Skull: Parapithecus and Dryopithecus (Cast models and appropriate photographs should be utilized).
c) Fossil Hominid Skull: Pithecanthropus, Heidelberg jaw, Neandarthal and Cromagnon 
man (Cast models and appropriate photographs should be utilized). 

2: Osteology 
Drawing, Description and Identification of the following Bones: Frontal bone, Parietal, 
Occipital, Maxilla, Zygomatic, Mandible, Sphenoid, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Scapula, Clavicle Pelvis, Sternum, Vertebral Column. Sides to be identified for paired bones.

3: Osteometry: Measurement of long bones: lengths, minimum/least 
 Circumference, Caliber index of Humerus,
 Radius, Ulna, Femur, Tibia, Fibula

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ANT-HG-2016
Introduction to Socio-Cultural Anthropology
Credit 6 (Theory: 4; Practical: 2)

COURSE OBJECTIVE : To impart the conceptual and theoretical knowledge of Social and Cultural Anthropology along with practical knowledge of data collection techniques.

COURSE OUTCOMES :
• The basic theoretical knowledge about Social and Cultural Anthropology can be 
achieved.
• The knowledge of first-hand field data collection and analysis can be gained.

Theory

Unit I: Anthropological perspective and orientation; Scope and relevance of Social Anthropology: Relationship of Social Anthropology with other disciplines

Unit II: Concepts of society and culture; status and role; groups and institution, social stratification; caste and class; characteristics of culture, culture and civilization; Material and non material aspects of culture; acculturation, enculturation, structure of culture-culture trait, culture complex, culture area, age area, culture focus, variation and diversity in culture.

Unit III: Social Institutions:
Family –definition, forms, approaches to the study of family. 
Marriage – forms, regulations, rules, alliance systems.
Kinship – terminology, behaviour, avoidance, incest, rules of descent.

Unit IV: Anthropological concept of Religion: Theories, religious specialists, magic, witchcraft and supernaturalism; Contributions of E. B. Tylor, James Frazer, Emile Durkheim, E. E. Evans Pritchard.

Unit V: Theory and practice of ethnographic fieldwork; survey research; comparative and historical methods

Practical

Methods and Techniques of Social Anthropology: The practical will include the following techniques and methods in collection of data in Social Anthropology.
1.Observation 2.Interview
3.Questionnaire and Schedule 4.Case study 
5.Lifehistory

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