Climate
1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) What causes rainfall on the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu in the beginning
of winters?
(a) South-West monsoon (c) North-Eastern monsoon
(b) Temperate cyclones (d) Local air circulation
Ans: (c) North-Eastern monsoon.
(ii) What is the proportion of area of India which receives annual rainfall less than 75 cm?
(a) Half (c) Two-third
(b) One-third (d) Three-fourth
Ans: (c) Two-third.
(iii) Which one of the following is not a fact regarding South India?
(a) Diurnal range of temperature is less here.
(b) Annual range of temperature is less here.
(c) Temperatures here are high throughout the year.
(d) Extreme climatic conditions are found here.
Ans: (d) Extreme climatic conditions are found here.
(iv) Which one of the following phenomenon happens when the sun shines vertically over the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere?
(a) High pressure develops over North-western India due to low temperatures.
(b) Low pressure develops over North-western India due to high temperatures.
(c) No changes in temperature and pressure occur in north-western India.
(d) ‘Loo’ blows in the North-western India
Ans: (a) High pressure develops over North-western India due to low temperatures.
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) What is the Inter-Tropical Convergene Zone?
Ans: The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a band of swirling winds and rain near the equator where trade winds collide and rise, creating frequent thunderstorms and heavy rainfall. It's like a giant belt of clouds circling the globe, bringing life to tropical regions.
(ii) What is meant by ‘bursting of monsoon’? Name the place of India which gets the highest rainfall.
Ans: Burst of monsoon: sudden intense rainfall marking the monsoon's arrival, like a faucet turned on full blast.
India's rain king: Mawsynram in Meghalaya, crowned the wettest place in India, soaking up over 467 cm of rain annually!
(iii) Which type(s) of cyclones cause rainfall in north-western India during winter? Where do they originate?
Ans: Western disturbances, originating over the Mediterranean Sea and Caspian Sea region, bring winter rain to northwestern India. These cyclones act like atmospheric rivers, carrying moisture inland and causing rainfall along their path.
3. Answer the following questions in not more than 125 words.
(i) Notwithstanding the broad climatic unity, the climate of India has many regional variations. Elaborate this statement giving suitable examples.
Ans: India's climate, while bound by the monsoon rhythm, dances to a diverse tune across its vast landscape. Here are some examples of its captivating variations:
Temperatures:
*North: Shivering in Kashmir's winter temperatures dipping below -30°C, while basking in Kerala's balmy 22°C on Christmas Day.
*West: Scorching Rajasthan deserts at 50°C in summer, contrasted by the cooler coastal Maharashtra averaging 30°C.
Rainfall:
*East: Mawsynram, a rain-drenched champion, receives over 12 cm in a single day, while Thar Desert thirsts with meagre 12 cm annually.
*South: Western Ghats drenched by over 250 cm annual rainfall, while parts of Deccan Plateau struggle with under 75 cm.
Seasons:
*Himalayas: Experiencing all four distinct seasons due to high altitude, while coastal regions like Tamil Nadu enjoy a near-perpetual summer.
*North-West: Dry winters marked by dust storms (Loo), while heavy winter rains brought by Western disturbances.
These variations, sculpted by factors like topography, proximity to the sea, and prevailing wind patterns, paint a kaleidoscope of climatic experiences within India's unified monsoon framework. Understanding these differences is crucial for managing resources, agriculture, and disaster preparedness, showcasing the rich tapestry of India's climatic story.
(ii) How many distinct seasons are found in India as per the India Meteorological Department? Discuss the weather conditions associated with any one season in detail.
Ans: According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), India experiences four distinct seasons, with some local adjustments:
1. Winter (December-February): Characterized by cool and dry weather, with temperatures dipping significantly in the north and northwest. Occasional rainfall can occur in the northeast and Tamil Nadu due to western disturbances and the retreating northeast monsoon.
2. Summer (March-May): Marked by intense heat and rising temperatures, especially in central and northern India. The arrival of the southwest monsoon in late May brings relief in some regions.
3. Monsoon (June-September): This is the wettest season, with heavy rainfall, thunderstorms, and increased humidity across most of India. The Western Ghats and northeast India receive particularly high rainfall.
4. Post-monsoon (October-November): A transitional period with gradually decreasing rainfall and retreating monsoon winds. Some regions like Tamil Nadu receive rainfall from the retreating northeast monsoon.
Let's dive deeper into the monsoon:
*Heavy rainfall: India receives over 75% of its annual rainfall during this season, crucial for agriculture and water resources.
*High humidity: The air becomes saturated with moisture, leading to a muggy and uncomfortable feeling.
*Strong winds: Cyclones and depressions can form, bringing intense rainfall and potential storm surges.
*Lush vegetation: The landscape transforms with vibrant greenery, supporting diverse plant and animal life.
*Cultural significance: Many festivals and agricultural practices revolve around the monsoon, celebrating its life-giving power.
The monsoon, with its dramatic shifts and intense weather patterns, defines a significant chapter in India's climatic story. Understanding its characteristics and impacts is crucial for various aspects of life in the country.
Project/Activity
On the outline map of India, show the following:
(i) Areas of winter rain
(ii) Wind direction during the summer season
(iii) Areas having less than 15°°C temperature in January
(iv) Isohyte of 100 cm.
Answer By: Himashree Bora.
