Unit-III
Chapter-6:PLANNING AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN CONTEXT
EXERCISES
1. Choose the right answers of the following from the given options.
(i) Regional planning relates to :
(a) Development of various sectors of economy.
(b) Area specific approach of development.
(c) Area differences in transportation network.
(d) Development of rural areas.
Answer: (b) Area specific approach of development.
(ii) ITDP refers to which one of the following?
(a) Integrated Tourism Development Programme
(b) Integrated Travel Development Programme
(c) Integrated Tribal Development Programme
(d) Integrated Transport Development Programme
Answer: (d) Integrated Transport Development Programme.
(iii) Which one of the following is the most crucial factor for sustainable development in Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area?
(a) Agricultural development
(b) Eco-development
(c) Transport development
(d) Colonisation of land
Answer: (b) Eco-development.
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) What are the social benefits of ITDP in the Bharmaur tribal region?
Answer: The social benefits of ITDP in the Bharmaur tribal region include:
*Improved infrastructure: Development of schools, healthcare facilities, potable water access, roads, and communication networks.
*Increased literacy: Significant rise in literacy rates, especially among females, reducing gender disparity.
*Empowerment: Enhanced community participation, local leadership opportunities, and improved social mobility.
*Healthier living: Better access to healthcare, sanitation facilities, and improved living conditions.
*Sustainable livelihoods: Promotion of traditional occupations, skill development, and economic opportunities.
ITDP has contributed to a more empowered, educated, and healthier society in the Bharmaur region, paving the way for sustainable development.
(ii) Define the concept of sustainable development.
Answer: Sustainable development is meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own. It balances economic growth, environmental protection, and social well-being for a thriving and enduring future.
(iii) What are the positive impacts of irrigation on Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area?
Answer: Indira Gandhi Canal's irrigation has positive impacts in several areas:
*Increased agricultural productivity: More crops, diverse farming options, higher yields, and overall economic improvement.
*Increased income and livelihoods: Enhanced income for farmers, creation of new jobs, and economic diversification.
*Improved food security: Contributes to regional food security by stabilizing production and tackling hunger.
*Development of infrastructure: Growth of towns, improved housing, healthcare, and social amenities.
*Reduced rural-urban migration: Creates opportunity and livelihoods in rural areas, potentially slowing migration.
However, remember to acknowledge potential downsides like salinity, waterlogging, and environmental concerns for a balanced picture.
3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words.
(i) Write short notes on drought-prone area programme. How does thisprogramme help in the development of dryland agriculture in India?
Answer: Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP): A Lifeline for Drylands
The Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP) launched in 1973-74 is a centrally sponsored Indian initiative aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of drought on vulnerable lands and their inhabitants. This program focuses on integrated area development with several key objectives:
1. Enhancing Land and Water Resources:
Promotes soil and water conservation techniques like terracing, bunding, and afforestation to combat soil erosion and improve water retention.
Encourages rainwater harvesting structures like rooftop tanks and farm ponds to maximize water utilization.
Supports development of minor irrigation facilities like check dams and percolation tanks for supplemental water supply.
2. Boosting Dryland Agriculture:
Introduces drought-resistant crop varieties and promotes diversified farming practices.
Provides subsidies and incentives for adoption of efficient water management technologies like drip irrigation.
Supports capacity building for farmers through training and extension services on dryland farming techniques.
3. Strengthening Rural Livelihoods:
Encourages development of alternative income sources like livestock rearing, sericulture, and handicrafts.
Supports skill development programs and micro-enterprises to diversify rural economies.
Creates employment opportunities through infrastructure development projects like rural roads and water supply systems.
4. Building Community Resilience:
Promotes community participation in resource management and project implementation.
Supports drought preparedness and mitigation measures like disaster risk reduction initiatives.
Strengthens local institutions for better communication and decision-making related to drought management.
Impact on Dryland Agriculture:
DPAP has played a significant role in improving dryland agriculture in India:
Enhanced agricultural productivity and food security in drought-prone areas.
Increased adoption of sustainable land and water management practices.
Diversified rural livelihoods and reduced vulnerability to drought.
Improved socio-economic conditions of communities in dryland regions.
However, challenges remain, including increasing climate variability, resource limitations, and effective program implementation. Continuous improvement and adaptation are crucial for DPAP to fully unlock its potential and ensure a sustainable future for India's drylands.
(ii) Suggest the measures of promotion of sustainability in Indira GandhiCanal Command Area.
Answer: Promoting sustainability in the Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area (IGCCA) requires a multi-pronged approach addressing environmental, economic, and social aspects. Here are some key measures:
*Organic farming: Encourage organic farming practices to improve soil health and reduce chemical pollution.
*Afforestation and land restoration: Plant trees and native vegetation to combat desertification and soil erosion.
*Green transportation: Promote eco-friendly modes of transport like cycling and electric vehicles.
*Smart technologies: Utilize precision agriculture tools, weather monitoring systems, and data analytics for efficient resource management.
*Community participation: Involve local communities in decision-making, project implementation, and resource management.
*Micro-enterprises: Promote and support sustainable small-scale businesses and income generation opportunities.
*Financial incentives: Provide subsidies and market access for adoption of sustainable practices.
*Environmental regulations: Implement and enforce strict environmental regulations to protect water quality and ecosystems.
Project
(i) Find out the area development programmes being implemented in your region. Assess the impact of such programmes on the society and economy in your locality.
Answer:
(ii) Select your own area or identify an area facing severe environmental and socio-economic problems. Make an assessment of its resources and prepare their inventory. Suggest the measures for its sustainable development as it has been done in the case of Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area.
Answer:
Answer Type By : Himashree Bora.
