Geomorphological processes;


Exercise: 1

1) What is meant by topography?

Answer: The surface of the Earth is not flat. Just as continents have mountains, plateaus, river valleys, etc., so the oceans have highlands and lowlands of various shapes and sizes while submerged in water. These features of the Earth's surface are called topography.

2. Define geomorphology.

Answer: A special branch of geography studies the origin, development, shape and distribution of landforms. This discipline is called geomorphology.

3. Define geomorphic processes.

Answer: The formation of landforms on the Earth's surface depends on many processes. Some of these processes are external and others are internal. External processes or factors include wind, rain, rivers, glaciers, sea waves, etc. Internal factors include earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. These two categories of processes interact to form landforms on the Earth's surface. These processes involved in the formation and development of topography are called geomorphic processes.

4. Write down what external processes or factors include.

Answer: External processes or factors include wind, rain, rivers, glaciers, sea waves, etc.

5) What is the meaning of declination?

Answer: In deserts, the vegetation cover is thin and the surface is dry sandy, so the wind can easily blow away dust, sand, pebbles, etc. Subsidence is the process of blowing dust and sand from a part and making that part relatively deeper. When dust, sand and small rocks flow elsewhere as a result of subsidence, the subsidence can become a steep rocky area. 

6) What is the picture of Inchelberg?

Answer: Rocks and sand carried by the strong desert winds strike the uplands in their course and cause degradation in them. This type of decay through friction is called abrasion. Erosion processes create degradation formations such as inselbergs in deserts.




7. What is a desert? What does this mean?

Answer: Subsidence can cause the elevation of parts of the desert to decrease and reach groundwater levels. In such cases, the lowland is called a desert ǀ a desert is actually a green area in the middle of a desert ǀ deserts contain some water and plants ǀ these areas of the desert are also cultivated to some extent ǀ 

8. Write down what sand is and how it is formed.

Answer: A landform ǀ formed by the process of precipitation by wind in a desert

In the desert, the part where the dust and sand carried by the wind accumulates gradually rises. The dust and sand accumulated in this way can eventually form mountains. A sand hill formed of sand is called a sand dune

9. What is friction? What kind of body does this produce?

Answer: Rocks and sand carried by the strong desert winds strike the uplands in their course and cause degradation in them. This type of decay through friction is called abrasion

This results in the formation of landforms such as the Inselberg and Yardang ǀ

10. Write the meaning of friction.

Answer: Another frictional process caused by wind in deserts is friction, which also causes mutual friction between rocks and sand carried by the wind, ie they collide while carried, causing the rocks to break into small pieces or shrink in size. Friction is the process by which rocks of traditional age break down into pieces

11. What is a glacier? What causes it to move so slowly?

Answer: The soil of the piles accumulated on the surface gradually descends according to the slope. However, the speed of descent is very slow. They only cross a few millimeters to a few meters during the day. The ice that falls slowly is called a glacier.

Glaciers flow along the slopes of land or mountains ǀ low slopes reduce their speed ǀ while many other materials, rocks, sand, soil, etc. flow with glaciers from the top of the mountains ǀ the presence of these also slows down the movement of glaciers ǀ

12. How many types of glaciers are there? Write briefly about each.

Answer: There are 3 types of glaciers ǀ they are: 

a) Continental glaciers These glaciers cover large areas of the polar region. Continental glaciers are spread across northern Canada, Greenland, Scandinavia, and Antarctica. These glaciers descend very slowly according to the slope of the surface. |

b) Mountain glaciers: Such glaciers are found at the height of high mountains. Mountain glaciers exist mainly in the Alps of Europe, the Rockies of North America and the Himalayas of Asia. Mountain or valley glaciers usually flow through valleys between two rows of mountains. Its speed is considerably faster than that of continental glaciers.

c) Mountainous glaciers Sometimes several valley glaciers descend from the mountainous regions and merge at the foot of the mountains and spread to the lowlands along the mountains. Such glaciers are called mountain glaciers because they form at the foot of mountains. Such glaciers are found in Alaska, North America.

13. Draw the shape of a glacial valley.

Answer:



14. Write down what the Hanging Valley is.

Answer: Another erosional feature created by glaciers is the Oloma Valley. As tributaries usually flow to the main river, some tributaries flow to the main glacier. Main glacial valleys are relatively large and deep. Subglacial valleys are smaller and less deep. Where the subglacier meets the main glacier, the subglacial valley naturally appears to hang over the main glacial valley. Therefore, the sub glacial valley is called the hanging valley

15. What is Grab? How many types are there? Draw a diagram to show the position of the grab.

Answer: Glaciers carry other materials besides ice as they flow through mountains or slopes ǀ these are collectively called grabs ǀ

It is of four types:1)Side Grav

2)the middle grub

3)Grab the land

4)Grab the edge 



 

16. Give an overview of the impact of global warming on glaciers on the basis of common sense.

Answer: Global warming will have the following effects on glaciers:

a) Glaciers will begin to melt and sea levels will rise as a result ǀ

b) Sea- Many coastal areas and lowlands will be submerged ǀ 

c) The human civilization and biodiversity available in those areas will be lost

d) The oceans and the world's environment will be disrupted

e) Climate will change ǀ rainfall will vary in places ǀ

Additional question and previous paper solve:

A. Super questions:


1. Choose the correct answer:

(a) The factor that creates the olam or suspension valley is- [HSLC'11]

(i) Glaciers

(ii) Rivers

(iii) Batah

(iv) Sea waves

Answer: (i) Glaciers

(b) The factor that creates the inselberg is- [HSLC'12]

(i) Running water

(ii) Glaciers

(iii) Batah

(iv) Sea freight

Answer: (ii) Glaciers

(c) The factor that causes sand is- [HSLC'

(i) Rivers

(ii) Glaciers

(iii) Sea waves

(iv) Batah

Answer: (iv) Batah

(d) Which of the following is created by wind? [HSLC '14]

(i) U-shaped valley

(ii) Drumlin

(iii) Inchelberg

(iv) Grab

Answer: (iii) Inchelberg

(e) Which of the following is a precipitating body?


(i) Hanging Valley

(ii) Anchors

(iii) Inchelberg

(iv) Yardang

Answer: (iv) Yardang

(f) Which major factors play a special role in topographic processes in deserts -


(i) Year

(ii) Heat

(iii) Batah

(iv) Rivers

Answer: (iii) Batah

(g) Grab lines deposited on both sides of a glacial valley are called-


(i) Middle grub

(ii) Edge grub

(iii) Side grab

(iv) Land grab

Answer: (iii) Side grab

(h) Crescent-shaped sand dunes formed by wind in desert areas


(i) Inchelberg

(ii) Transverse sandbars

(iii) Barkhan

(iv) Yardang

Answer: (iii) Barkhan

(i) Which of the following is an erosional body formed by glaciers?  


(i) Esq

(ii) Drumlin

(iii) Cones

(iv) Chem

Answer: (iii) Cones

(j) Which of the following is a degenerative body?


(i) Barkhan

(ii) Hanging Valley

(iii) Grab

(iv) Drumlin

Answer: (ii) Hanging Valley

2. What is external mechanism?  


Answer: External processes are those processes that occur on the Earth's surface by external forces such as weather, rain, rivers, winds, etc. These create and change topography.

3. Name any of the formations formed by glacial sedimentation.  


Answer: Grab.

4. Name a sedimentary body formed by the action of wind?  


Answer: Sandy.

5. Name two primitive peoples of the African desert.  


Answer: Bantu and Seheli.

6. Write the meaning of geomorphology. 


Answer: Geomorphology is the study of the topography of the earth's surface, their origin, development, and distribution.

7. Name an erosional body created by glaciers.


Answer: Inchelburg.

4. Name a depositional body created by glaciers.  


Answer: Madhyagrab

9. Which sandbar is crescent-shaped? 


Answer: Barkhan

10. What is geophysical science?  


Answer: Geophysics is the field of study of the geological structure and processes of the Earth.

11. What is the lithosphere?


Answer: The lithosphere is the solid outer layer of the Earth, which includes land and mountains.

B. Constructive Questions:


1. What is Grab? Name three types of grubs.  


Answer: Grub is material deposited on both sides of the valley by glaciers.

There are three types of grabs - 

side grab

Madhyagrab

Prantagrab.

2. What is a glacier? Name three types of glaciers. 


Answer: A glacier is a pile of ice that comes down at a very slow rate.

There are three types of glaciers:

Continental glaciers

Mountain glaciers

mountainous glaciers

3. What is a "functional zone"? Give two examples of functional areas.


Answer: An "active zone" is an area where processes such as wind or glaciers are actively operating.

4. What is Baliari? How is it created?  


Answer: Baliari is a high mountain of sand which is formed by wind. It is formed where sand accumulates when blown away by the wind.

5. What is a desert? What does this mean?


Answer: Deserts are areas where plants grow for supply and w.ater. This means that it provides a natural zone for settlement and cultivation.

Editing By:- Lipi Medhi