Partition of Bengal(1905-1911) and Swadeshi Movement
Very short answer question:
1) The Partition of Bengal took place during the reign of which Viceroy?
Answer:- During the reign of Lord Curzon.
2. On which date in 1905 was the Partition of Bengal effected?
Answer:- The Partition of Bengal took effect on 16 October
3) At which meeting was the proposal to boycott foreign goods adopted?
Answer:- On 20 July 1905, a meeting chaired by the Maharaja of Dinajpur passed a resolution to boycott foreign goods.
4. Who edited the newspaper 'Yugantar' during the Swadeshi Movement?
Answer:- Bhupendra Nath Dutta.
5. When was the National Education Council formed in Bengal?
Answer:- On March 11, 1906.
6. Who was the chief initiator of the industrial establishment 'Bengal Chemicals'?
Answer:- Acharya Praful Chandra Roy.
7. Under whose auspices did the National Congress session adopt a resolution seeking "Swaraj" for Indians?
Answer:- The Indian National Congress adopted the demand for "Swaraj" for the first time in 1906 at its session in Calcutta under the chairmanship of Dadabhai Naorji.
8. When was the unification of Bengal?
Answer:- On December 12,
Short answer questions:
1. Name the three main geographical divisions of Bengal adjoining the province of 'East Bengal and Assam' created by the partition of Bengal.
Answer:- The three main geographical divisions of Bengal are Dhaka, Chittagong and Rajshahi, which are adjacent to the province of 'East Bengal and Assam' created by the partition of Bengal.
2. Briefly write down the underlying objectives of the partition of Bengal.
Answer:- Lord Curzon argued for the reduction of the size of the province of Bengal for the sake of convenience of governance, but there was an underlying motive. The main objectives of the partition of Bengal by the British Government are briefly mentioned below Bifurcation of the united Bengal force. to destroy the unity between Hindus and Muslims from the threat to the stability of the British Empire. The British wanted to divide Bengal, the heartland of Indian nationalism, into two parts and make Hindu Bengalis and intellectuals a minority in both the provinces. Controlling the anti-British extremists of the Congress party.
3. Briefly write why the anti-partition movement of Bengal got the name 'Swadeshi Movement'
Answer:- from the adoption of the resolution for the dissolution of Bengal on 6th December, 1903 A.D., to the official implementation of the resolution on 19th July, 1905; During this period, people of all castes and races launched a wave of mass struggle through protest meetings in various parts of Bengal. The movement became known as the 'Swadeshi Movement' after the decision to boycott foreign goods and accept indigenous goods was approved by the Jana Sabha as a result of the breakup of Bengal.
4. Discuss the contribution of the Swadeshi Movement to national education.
Answer:- The Swadeshi Movement had a profound impact on the education system of the time. The Chief Secretary to the Government of Bengal, R. W. Carlyle, issued a notice on 10 October 1905 warning the students not to participate in the agitation. There were strong protests in Bengal against the notice and many students dropped out of classes.
On 4 November 1905, a huge student meeting held at Mallikbari, Calcutta, under the chairmanship of Rabindra Nath Tagore, decided to form the Anti-Circular Society to disobey the orders of the government.
Leaders like Bipin Chandra Pal, Rabindranath Tagore and Abdul Rasul called on the students to leave government institutions.
The newspaper "The Dawn" edited by Satish Chandra Mukhopadhyay described the University of Calcutta as a slave house and urged the students to leave it and pursue national education. He formed a national organization called "The Dawn Society" together with Rabindranath Tagore and Charu Das Bandyopadhyay to inspire patriotism among the students. The Society opposed Curzon's University Act (1904) and the Carlisle Notice (1905) to reshape national education.
During the Swadeshi Movement, several national educational institutions were born, especially in Bengal. They are 一
➤ Bengal National School (August 6, 1905) Rabindranath Tagore
➤ National School, Rangpur (November 8, 1905)
➤ National Council of Education (March 11, 1906) Chairman Rasbihari Basu
➤ Bengal National College (August 15, 1906)
➤ Banga Technical Institute (later converted into Jadavpur University)
On the model of national schools, "Bihar Vidyapeeth" has been established in Patna, "Samarth Vidyalaya" in Maharashtra, and "Gujarat Vidyalaya" in Gujarat A total of 62 secondary and 3,000 primary national schools were established during the Swadeshi Movement.
5. How did the national art of Bengal develop during the Swadeshi Movement?
Answer:- During the Swadeshi Movement, the mentality of self-development created a favorable environment for the development of national industries in Bengal. In addition, the increased demand for indigenous goods and materials at that time also encouraged the establishment of indigenous industries. The industries were mainly spinning mills, small and medium scale shawl industries, soybeans, oil, soap, sugar, fireplaces, biscuits etc. It also established several national banks and indigenous insurance companies.Some of the notable institutions established during the indigenous movement are-
(i) "Swadeshi Bhandar", founded by Rabindranath Tagore in
(ii) "Indian Stores",
established in 1905 by Yogesh Chandra Chowdhury and Krishna Bihari Sen.
(iii) "Laxmi Bhandar", founded in 1903 by Sarala Devi, daughter of the Tagore family.
(iv) "United Bengal Stores" founded in 1906 by Abdul Halim Gaznabi.
In order to instill self-reliance and self-reliance in the minds of the people of Bengal, people like Jagdish Chandra Bose, Praful Chandra Roy, Nilratan Sarkar etc. thought of setting up large scale industries in Bengal Under the supervision (on 25 July 1906) of Bengal Chemicals and Jamshedji Tata, the famous Iron Works (1907) was established.
Like Bengal, various industrial establishments were born in other parts of India. On December 7, 1905, R.S. C.S. The first "Indian Industries Conference" was held in Varanasi under the patronage of Dutta. The conference united the people to revive the indigenous industries as well as the abundant potential of indigenous industries.
6. What anti-movement programs did the British government take to suppress the Swadeshi Movement?
Answer:- During the Swadeshi Movement, the British expected cooperation from the liberal leaders of the National Congress. Lord Curzon gave many of these leaders titles, medals and posts imposed by the British government to keep them in his hands. He offered liberal members of the Congress judges of the High Court, members of the British Parliament, members of the Viceroy's Council or provincial members Top leaders like 一 Surendranath Bandyopadhyay, Gopal Krishna Gokhale’s unwavering stance against the partition of Bengal put the government in a dilemma. Bipin Chandra Pal urged all leaders to renounce British titles, posts and ranks. In response to this call, Gopal Krishna Gokhale was the first to return the title of "Knighthood" to the government.
7. Name three outcomes of the Swadeshi Movement.
Answer:- The Swadeshi Movement developed India's national literature and national education and strongly highlighted the courageous role of women in the context of the country.
(a) Development of National Education:- The Swadeshi Movement had a great impact on the education system of the time. R. W. Carlyle, Chief Secretary to the Government of Bengal, issued a notice on 10 October 1905 warning the students not to participate in the agitation. There were strong protests in Bengal against the notice and many students dropped out of classes.
On 4 November 1905, a huge student meeting held at Mallikbari, Calcutta, under the chairmanship of Rabindranath Tagore, decided to form the "Anti-Circular Society" to disobey the orders of the government.
Leaders like Bipin Candra Pal, Rabindranath Tagore and Abdul Rasul called on the students to leave government institutions.
In the newspaper "The
Dawn" edited by Satish Chandra Mukhopadhyay, he described the University
of Calcutta as a slave house and urged the students to get out of it and pursue
national education. He formed a national organization called "The Dawn
Society" together with Rabindranath Tagore and Charu Das Bandyopadhyay to
inspire patriotism among the students. This "Society" moved to
reshape national education in opposition to Curzon's University Act (1904) and
the Carlisle Notice (1905).
During the Swadeshi Movement, several national educational institutions were born, especially in Bengal. They are 一
➤ Bengal National School (August 6, 1905) Rabindranath Tagore
➤ National School, Rangpur (November 8, 1905)
➤ National Council of Education (March 11, 1906) Chairman Rasbihari Basu
➤ Bengal National College (August 15, 1906)
➤ Banga Technical Institute (later converted into Jadavpur University)
On the model of national schools, "Bihar Vidyapeeth" was established in Patna, "Samarth Vidyalaya" in Maharashtra, and "Gujarat Vidyalaya" in Gujarat. A total of 62 secondary and 3,000 primary national schools were established during the Deshi Movement.
(b) Development of National Industries: During the Swadeshi Movement, the mentality of self-development created a favorable environment for the development of national industries in Bengal. In addition, the increased demand for indigenous goods and materials at that time also encouraged the establishment of indigenous industries. The industries were mainly spinning mills, small and medium scale shawl industries, soybeans, oil, soap, sugar, fireplaces, biscuits etc. Several national banks and indigenous insurance companies were also established.
Some of the notable institutions established during the Swadeshi Movement are -
(i) "Swadeshi Bhandar" founded by Rabindranath Tagore in
(ii) "Indian Stores" established in 1905 by Yogesh Chandra Chowdhury and Krishna Bihari Sen.
(iii) "Laxmi Bhandar" founded in 1903 by Sarala Devi, daughter of the Tagore family.
(iv) "United Bengal Stores" founded in 1906 by Abdul Halim Gaznabi.
In order to build self-reliance and self-reliance in the minds of the people of Bengal, people like Jagdish Chandra Bose, Praful Chandra Roy, Nilratan Sarkar etc. thought of setting up large scale industries in Bengal. During the Swadeshi Movement, the Bengalksi Cotton Mill was established under the initiative of Neel Ratan Sarkar (August 1, 1906), Bengal Chemicals under the supervision of Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy (July 25, 1906) and Jamsetji Tata's famous Iron Industry Factory (1907).
Like Bengal, various industrial establishments were born in other parts of India. On December 7, 1905, R.S. C.S. The first "Indian Industries Conference" was held in Varanasi under the patronage of Dutta. The conference united the people to revive the indigenous industries as well as the abundant potential of indigenous industries.
(c) Strong role of women in the Swadeshi Movement:-
➤ Women played an active role during the Swadeshi Movement in India. Women participated in various activities as well as men. Sarala Devi Choudharyni organized Veer Ashtami Vrat, Pragyapaditya festival and exercise committees in West Bengal in imitation of Shivaji festival in Maharashtra and trained youth in stick games and wrestling.
➤ Sarala Devi Chowdhury edited a magazine called "Bharati" and urged the youth of Bengal to jump into the movement.
➤ Sister Nivedita was involved in Young Men's Hindu Union, Vivekananda Society, Dawn Society and Practice Committee in Calcutta and taught women and youth to become self-reliant through indigenous arts.
➤ The Daily Telegraph (11 October 1907) from London reported on the courage of women in Bengal in the Swadeshi Movement.
8. Name three contributions of the Swadeshi Movement.
Answer:- The contributions of the Swadeshi Movement are 一
(i) The Swadeshi Movement was able to teach the people of India a political lesson about mass movements. They learned through their participation in the Swadeshi Movement that victory in the mass movement is assured if all the people of the country stand together against the powerful British.
(ii) Through the Swadeshi Movement, Indians had the opportunity to demand Swaraj from the British Government. The intense tensions of the Swadeshi Movement forced the Indian National Congress to adopt the Swaraj demand resolution for the first time at its session in Calcutta in 1906 under the chairmanship of Dadabhai Naorji.
(iii) The armed revolution in India began through the Swadeshi Movement. There was a tendency among some of the agitators to follow the path of revolution with firearms and liberate the country.
Write a brief note:
(1) The poet Rabindranath Tagore:- The poet Rabindranath Tagore is a bright star in the world of art and culture in India. He gave a special dimension to the freedom movement of India with his works during the Swadeshi Movement.
The 23 songs composed by Rabindranath Tagore on the Swadeshi Movement are still considered a treasure trove of Indian culture. The song "Amar Sonar Bangla Ami Tomake Bhalbasi" was recognized as the National Anthem of Bangladesh in "If no one comes to hear your call, then let's go alone. Rabindranath Tagore composed the National Anthem of India entitled "Jan-Gan-Man" Adhinayak. The poet Rabindranath Tagore also wrote a famous essay entitled "Bhai Bhai Ek Thai" against the backdrop of the Swadeshi Movement.
During the Swadeshi Movement, the mentality of self-development created a favorable environment for the development of national industries in Bengal. In 1897, Rabindranath Tagore founded a textile company called Swadeshi Bhandar.
Rabindranath Tagore also played an active role in politics during the Swadeshi Movement. Rabindranath Tagore founded the Bengal National School on 6 August 1905 for the development of indigenous education. In 1905, R. W. Carlyle, Chief Secretary to the Government of Bengal, issued a notice in view of the trend of agitation among the students. There were strong protests in Bengal and many students dropped out of classes. On 4 November 1905, a huge student meeting held at Mallikbari, Calcutta, under the chairmanship of Rabindranath Tagore, decided to form the "Anti-Circular Society" to disobey the orders of the government.
He formed a national organization called "The Dawn Society" together with Rabindranath Tagore, Satish Chandra Mukhopadhyay and Charudas Bandyopadhyay to instill a sense of patriotism among the students.
(2) Margaret Elizabeth Nabol (Sister Nivedita):- Sister Nivedita, also known as Margaret Elizabeth Nabol. He was born in 1864 in Ireland. During the Swadeshi Movement, he was able to create an awakening among women and youth. Sister Nivedita was involved in the Youngmen's Hindu Union, Vivekananda Society, Dawn Society and Practice Committee in Calcutta and taught women and youth to become self-reliant through indigenous arts. This great woman died in
(3) Nawab Chalimullah:- Salimullah was the Nawab of Dhaka during the Swadeshi Movement. Lord Curzon wanted to unite the people of East Bengal through Salimullah and bring them under the British. Salimullah was also given a loan of Rs 14 lakh at negligible interest.
On 30 December 1906, at the invitation of Nawab Salimullah, some educated Muslims of Bengal formed the All India Muslim League. On the day of the formation of the Muslim League, Salimullah announced its aims and objectives and said that fear, apprehension and mutual hatred must be removed from the minds of the Muslim people. They must spread their loyalty to the British Government and the British Government must always be aware of the rights and interests of the Muslim people.
Additional Question Answer
Short Question Answer
Q. During which period was Bengal partitioned?
answer:The partition of Bengal took place in
Q. Which MLA was the Governor during the Partition of Bengal?
answer:Lord Cousin was the Viceroy at the time.
Q. When was the 'Province of Bengal'
formed?
answer: In 1773 AD.
Q. Which movement started at the all-India level after the partition of Bengal?
answer:The movement against the dissolution of Bengal began at the all-India level.
Q.How did Bengal, Bihar and Orissa merge?
answer:These three regions were united by the Treaty of Allahabad (1765) in which the East India Company gained political authority over Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
Q. On what date was the province of Assam formed?
answer:1874. February 7th.
Q.Who was the first Chief Commissioner of the newly formed Assam Province?
answer:Colonel R. H. Keatingjack.
Q.How many people died in Orissa in 1866?
answer:About ten thousand people died.
Q.Who proposed the partition of Bengal?
answer:Brother Lord Northbrook ।
Q.Who ruled the Assam area till 1874 AD?
answer:The Assam territory was governed by the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal.
Q. What was the population of the province of East Bengal and Assam?
answer: The province of East Bengal and Assam had a population of 31 million, of which 18 million were Muslims and 12 million were Hindus.
Q. What was the argument of Lord Curzon for reducing the size of Bengal?
answer: Lord Curzon argued that the size of Bengal was small for the convenience of governance.
Q.What was the underlying objective of the partition of Bengal?
answer: The underlying objective of the partition of Bengal was to break the unity between Hindus and Muslims and weaken Indian nationalism.
Q. In what letter did Hubert Risley write about the partition of Bengal?
answer: Hubert Risley mentioned the partition of Bengal in a letter to Lord Curzon.
Q. Which objective of British rule was attempted to be achieved by the scheme of partition of Bengal?
answer: The aim of the British rule through the partition of Bengal was to make the politically conscious Hindu Bengalis a minority and spread communal sentiments.
Q. What will be the capital of the province of East Bengal and Assam?
answer: Dhaka will be the capital of the provinces of East Bengal and Assam.
Q. When was the partition of Bengal announced to be implemented?
answer: The Partition of Bengal was announced on 16 October
Q. Which thinkers were active in creating public awareness against the partition of Bengal?
answer: Thinkers like Surendra Nath Bandyopadhyay, Bipin Chandra Pal, Arvind Ghosh, Rabindranath Tagore, Rasbihari Basu, and Bamendra Sundar Trivedi were active.
Q.What was the purpose of the British Government in partitioning Bengal?
answer: The British government's objective in partitioning Bengal was to create divisions between Hindus and Muslims and weaken Indian nationalism.
Q.How many signatures were collected
in protest against the partition of Bengal?
answer: A petition with about seventy thousand signatures was collected.
Q. When did the first protest meeting start?
answer: July 14, 1905. b.
Q.What was the name of the movement against the partition of Bengal?
answer: Swadeshi movement.
Q. Which article was published in Sanjeevani magazine which caused a stir?
answer: 'The destruction
of Bengal'
Q. When did the students of Ripon College start participating in the movement?
answer: July 18, 1905. b.
Q. When and under whose chairmanship was a public meeting held at the Town Hall of Kasim Bazar in Calcutta?
answer: On the 7th August, 1905 A.D., in the chairmanship of Maharaja Manindra Chandra Nandi.
Q.What did Kabiguru appeal to the people of Bengal?
answer:To maintain communal unity.
Q.What special day was celebrated on October 16, 1905?
answer:'National Day of Mourning'
Q. Which music was sung to strengthen the brotherhood between Hindus and Muslims?
answer:There are many ways to get a job in the UK. There are many ways to get a job in the UK.
Q. What was organized on 16 October against the breakup of Bengal?
answer:Hartals were observed throughout Calcutta.
Q. What were the limitations of the Swadeshi Movement at the beginning?
answer:Between boycotting foreign goods and accepting domestic goods.
Q.According to Arvind Ghosh, what did the boycott mean?
answer:Indigenousness and non-cooperation with the British in every way.
Q. Which was the focus of the Swadeshi Movement?
answer:Undivided Bengal.
Q.The Swadeshi Movement spread to which provinces?
answer:South India, Maharashtra, North East India.
Q. How many years did the Swadeshi Movement last?
answer:১৯০৫-১১।
Q. What kind of literature was created as a result of the Swadeshi Movement?
answer:Newspapers, Discussions, Books, Songs, Plays, Articles etc.
Q.What are the names of the notable plays written against the background of the Swadeshi Movement?
answer:Kshibod Prasad's Palashir Prayashchitta, Girish Ghosh's Chirajuddaula and Mir Qasim, Amritlal Basu's Chabbas Bangali and Amarendra Nath Dutta's Bengal Amputation.
Q. How many songs did Rabindranath Tagore compose about the Swadeshi Movement?
answer:23 songs.
Q.. When was the 'Bengal Arts Parliament' formed?
answer:১৯০৭।
Q. When was the Dawn Society formed?
answer:১৯০৫।
Q. How many secondary and primary national schools were established during the Swadeshi Movement?
answer:62 secondary and 3,000 primary national schools.
long Question Answer
1.Discuss the major causes of protest against the partition of Bengal and describe how various sections of society, especially students and leaders, have led to the movement.
answer: The protests against the partition of Bengal were the result of serious dissatisfaction with the policies of British colonialism, which tried to divide Bengal on religious grounds. This plan was seen as a diplomacy to weaken the nationalist movement. The wave of protests began after the declaration of partition on 6 December 1903 and continued in various parts of Bengal from 19 July 1905 until the official announcement.
Among the leaders of this movement were prominent personalities like Surendra Nath Bandyopadhyay, Matilal Ghosh, and Dwijendralal Mitra. They called on everyone to come together. The student community, especially the students of Ripon College, played an important role in the protest. On July 31, 1905, the students protested against partition at a huge rally in Calcutta.
The Dinajpur assembly realized the need for new strategies and decided to boycott foreign goods. This entire movement became known as the 'Swadeshi Movement' Meetings were held in various places and proposals were made to build the movement from the ground up. The students expressed their resolve when they went to school barefoot, and thus they contributed to the movement.
2. Discuss how the impact of the Swadeshi Movement changed the socio-political environment of Bengal and its importance in the larger context of Indian nationalism.
answer :The Swadeshi Movement was an important movement born in response to the partition of Bengal in 1905, which had a great impact on the socio-political environment of Bengal. The focus of this movement was the call for the abolition of foreign goods and the adoption of indigenous goods, which instilled a sense of self-reliance among the Indian people. This call was able to bring unity among different communities and establish a sense of national identity.
The inclusion of students, women, and the working class was the reason for the great success of the Swadeshi Movement. Students actively participated in the movement, such as students at Ripon College who were the first to participate in the protests, giving the movement a powerful impetus. In the cultural sphere, too, the movement led to a revival of art, literature and music. Rabindranath Tagore created unity and brotherhood among the society through his songs to spread nationalist consciousness.
The Swadeshi Movement is considered to
be an important chapter in the history of the Indian independence movement. Its
main objective was to create a sense of unity as well as gain economic
strength, which established itself as a symbol of welfare unity throughout the
country. Thus, the Swadeshi Movement gave a new direction to Indian nationalism
and laid the foundation for organized protest against colonialism.
3. How did the movement against the dissolution of Bengal proceed after the October 16 hartal and how many people participated?
answer: The hartal in Calcutta on 16 October was a major protest against the dissolution of Bengal. Shops, events, buses and strums were all closed that day. Anandamohan Basu laid the foundation stone of the Federal Hall and called on the people to participate in the anti-partition movement. There are many reasons why you shouldn't go to the gym in Calcutta. There are many reasons why you shouldn't go to the gym in Calcutta. From that day on, the people of Bengal committed to observe it annually as a day of mourning. The hartal was accompanied by a widespread participation of people from different communities, especially educated youth and cultural personalities, which formed a strong reaction against the partition of Bengal.
4. How did the Swadeshi Movement have
a special impact on literature and education?
answer : The Swadeshi Movement had a far-reaching impact on literature and education in India. The movement led to a wave of patriotic feelings in literature that led to the creation of new works. Nationalist ideas were published in various newspapers, magazines, plays and poems. Surendranath Bandyopadhyay's Bengali, Krishna Kumar Mitra's Sanjeevani, and Arvind Ghosh's Vande Mataram expressed patriotic sentiments.
Along with these, the Swadeshi Movement also had a significant impact on education. During the movement, many national schools were established, which reflected the patriotism of the people with innovative force against foreign education systems. Rabindranath Tagore established the Bengal National School and expressed the need for a new education system. Thus, the Swadeshi Movement awakened nationalism in literature and education, which played a special role in the overall development of Indian society.
5. How did the industrial industry develop in Bengal in the context of the Swadeshi Movement and what was the reason behind the establishment of the Muslim League?
answer:Against the backdrop of the Swadeshi Movement, a sense of self-reliance and self-reliance developed in Bengal, creating a favorable environment for the development of national industries. As the demand for indigenous products increased, various cottage industries and large industrial enterprises were established. Spinning mills, small and medium weaving industries, soybean oil, soap, sugar, and biscuit factories were established. Swadeshi Bhandar, founded by Rabindranath Tagore, Indian Stores, was established through the efforts of Yogesh Chandra Chowdhury and Krishna Bihari Sen. Thus, the Swadeshi Movement ushered in a new era in Indian industry through the revival of indigenous industries.
On the other hand, one of the reasons for the establishment of the Muslim League was the attempt of the British rule to provide special privileges to the Muslim people. Lord Curzon tried to create divisions between Hindus and Muslims through the partition of Bengal. In 1904, he tried to establish the Muslim League in support of the partition of Bengal, promising Muslim leaders the support of the government. Lord Minto's declaration promised separate facilities to the Muslim people at the national level, which increased their desire for self-establishment. Thus, the partition of Bengal and the attempt to build political consciousness played a significant role in the establishment of the Muslim League in the context of the Swadeshi Movement.
Editing BY:- Lipi Medhi
