Environmental and Environmental Problems
1. Write down what is meant by environment in your own language.
Answer:- The term environment refers to the conditions surrounding an organism or community of organisms. The environment includes all the necessary elements for living things to survive. In other words, the environment includes both organic and inorganic components.
2. Mention some organic and some inorganic components of the environment.
Answer:- Organic matter is 一 different species of living microorganisms, plants, different species of animals and birds, large and small, etc.
Inorganic elements are 一 inanimate objects ie soil, water, air, light, heat, etc.
3. Write down what is meant by the terrestrial zone.
Answer:- The land mass of the Earth is made up of rocks, soil, sand, rubies, etc. In the land mass we see mountains, hills, plains, plateaus, rivers, valleys, coasts, etc.
4) What falls within the water table?
Answer:- Water bodies include seas, oceans, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc.
5. Write down what the atmosphere is made of?
Answer:- The atmosphere is made up of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, argon, and other gases.
6. Write about the extent of the biosphere.
Answer:- The biosphere includes the parts of the Earth that contain life, ie, plants and animals. The parts of the Earth that contain life are the land surface, oceans and atmosphere where birds and insects fly. About 1.75 million species of plants and animals have been identified in the biosphere so far.
7. Write about the relationship between the four major zones of the Earth's environment.
Answer:- The four main zones of the Earth's environment are the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. These four zones of the Earth's environment are closely related.
For example 一
The habitats of the biosphere are the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. Animals and plants need air and water to survive. Similarly, water is essential for life to survive on land.
The interaction between these zones shapes the Earth's environment. The countless elements within the zones determine the current environment of the Earth through a complex network of interactions.
8. List the major factors of environmental change.
Answer:- The major factors of environmental change are ―
population growth
Entrepreneurship
Urbanization
Changes in traffic and transportation systems
Deforestation
9. Explain what is meant by environmental problems.
Answer:- Once upon a time, when the Earth's land, water, atmosphere, and biosphere were in balance, no environmental problems plagued mankind. However, over the past three decades, population growth and consequent resource demands have become so great that the relationships between environmental components have become unnatural. Human activities have put pressure on every zone of the world. On the one hand, the forest area decreased and the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased. As a result, new problems began to arise. These environmental problems are called environmental problems or environmental problems.
10. Write down the geographical categories of environmental problems.
Answer:- Geographically, environmental problems can be divided into three categories –
local problems,
regional issues,
Global problems.
11. What is the local problem of the environment? Write with examples.
Answer:- Sometimes some environmental problems are limited to a small area in terms of origin and extent. This is called a local problem of the environment. For example - limited land pollution by a small scale industry. Sewerage problems in a small area of the city.
12. Give two examples of regional environmental problems.
Answer:- (i) Flood problems in the Brahmaputra or Barak Valleys of Assam.
(ii) Groundwater shortage problems in metropolitan areas.
13. Write down which problems are called global environmental problems.
Answer:- Global environmental problems are environmental problems that cover the whole world. For example, the problem of global warming.
14. List the major environmental problems.
Answer:- The major environmental problems are 一
pollution
death
landslide
land erosion
Global warming
Artificial floods
Sea level rise
15. Write the meaning of pollution.
Answer:- Pollution is the process by which harmful substances destroy the environment.
16. Write down what water pollution is and how it occurs.
Answer:- The natural properties of water change when chemicals, microorganisms, radiation, and decomposers are mixed with it. This is called water pollution.
1) Water pollution occurs when human settlements, industries, agriculture, etc. are in the water source.
2) Industrial waste and urban waste pollute the water of rivers flowing through or along the city.
3) Application of chemical fertilizers, pesticides etc. in agricultural land once polluted the water in the surrounding areas.
17. Write a brief note on soil pollution.
Answer:- Addition of chemicals, toxic metals, industrial waste, radioactive substances, acid rain etc. to the soil destroys the natural properties of the soil and reduces its fertility. This is called soil pollution.
The factors of soil pollution are 一
Modern agriculture: Excessive use of irrigation, chemical fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides.
Industrial proliferation: Industrial waste, plastics, glass and chemicals released from industries pollute the soil. When mineral resources are extracted from the ground, the nearby soil is polluted.
Deforestation:- Forests are being destroyed at an excessive rate for construction of farms, industries, roads etc. In many cases, this destroys the natural properties of the soil.
18. Write how the air is polluted.
Answer:- Air contains certain gases - nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, methane, argon in certain proportions. The gases in this fixed ratio maintain the balance of the atmosphere. When this balance is disturbed for any reason, the normal state of the air changes. Air pollution is when such changes cause damage to living and non-living things.
Natural factors 一 Volcanic eruptions (smoke, dust, ash and sulfur-dioxide gases are released.)
Forest fires also cause damage to the atmosphere.
Man-made factors 一expansion of industrial industry, urbanization, increased use of vehicles, nuclear explosions, excessive use of fossil fuels, etc.
19. What is a desert? Define desertification.
Answer:- A desert is a dry area with low rainfall and high evaporation. Desertification is a process that turns productive land in the tropics into a desert.
In 1977, a special session of the United Nations was held in Nairobi, Africa. It was at this conference that the definition of desertification was given. That definition was - “Desertification is a process that destroys the biological potential or capacity of the land and eventually leads to desertification.”
20. Explain the causes of desertification.
Answer:- Natural factors 一 drought, global warming
Man-made factors 一 Overgrazing, expansion of agriculture, excessive deforestation.
21. Is it possible to solve the desertification problem?
Answer:- Desertification problem can be solved. However, this will require international cooperation. Human activities are mainly responsible for desertification. While there is time, the government should enact strict laws to protect the desert forests. Approved grazing areas should be maintained for the animals. In addition, people living around those areas should be relocated so that they do not engage in activities such as deforestation for livelihood or economic purposes. The problem will become more complicated if human actions are directed against nature. Therefore, while there is time, we need to be as aware and conscious of this problem as we can at the individual level.
22. What is global warming? State its factors.
Answer:- The temperature of the climate at the Earth's surface is increasing day by day due to natural or man-made factors. This is called global warming.
Natural factors: Solar energy Part of the solar energy reaching the Earth's surface is absorbed by the atmosphere and the rest is released as heat into the atmosphere. To help this process, the ratio of the various gases in the atmosphere must be balanced. Otherwise, the temperature varies with some changes.
Some gases in the atmosphere can absorb reflected heat or solar energy from the Earth's surface. These include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, etc. These gases that help control atmospheric temperature are called greenhouse gases. When the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases, the temperature of the atmosphere increases.
Anthropogenic factors: Human activities are the main factor in increasing the amount of greenhouse gases that contribute to atmospheric warming. Industry, factories, vehicles, refrigerators, a. The amount of various greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing daily due to the excessive use of C. This has helped to increase the temperature of the land surface.
23. Write down the problems that global warming will cause.
Answer:- Global warming will cause the following problems-
(i) Melting of huge ice sheets in the polar regions
(ii) Sea level rise
(iii) changes in the birth, growth and geographical distribution of the plant and animal world
(iv) Reduction in crop production
(v) Desertification will increase
24. What is the way to prevent global warming?
Answer:- Ways to prevent global warming are 一
(i) Excessive planting of trees
(ii) Use of AC, refrigerator etc. in limited quantities as required
(iii) Reduce the use of fossil fuels
(iv) Use of better quality fuels in vehicles
(v) Environmental conservation and awareness raising
(vi) Take all necessary measures to prevent greenhouse gas emissions.
Additional and Question Bank Q. Answers
1. What is desertification? Write down two causes of death?
Answer:-Desertification is a land process that causes land to become desertified.
There are two causes of desertification:
Drought and global warming.
Excessive grazing and expansion of agriculture.
2. What is pollution? Write down how the air is polluted.
Answer:-Pollution is a decrease in the quality of the natural environment.
Air is mainly polluted by the use of fossil fuels, industrial revolutions, and volcanic eruptions. These factors increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
3. What is global warming? Write how to prevent global warming.
Answer:- Global warming is an increase in the temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and land surface, which is primarily the result of anthropogenic activities.
To prevent global warming, the nations of the world should take various measures. They include:
1. Reduce the use of fossil fuels.
2. Reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Planting of various plants and conservation of forests.
4. international cooperation and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations.
4. List the three main causes of environmental change .
Answer:-The three main causes of environmental change are:
Natural causes, such as the climate cycle.
Man-made causes, such as the industrial revolution and the use of fossil fuels.
- deforestation and expansion of agriculture.
Answer:- Pollution means a deterioration in the quality of environmental components. Soil is polluted mainly from chemicals, industrial waste, and pesticides and chemical fertilizers used in agriculture. These reduce soil quality and productivity.
6. Briefly list the main causes of desertification.
Answer:- The main causes of desertification are:
Natural factors: drought and global warming.
Anthropogenic factors: overgrazing, agricultural expansion, and deforestation.
7. How does water pollution occur?
Answer:- Water pollution occurs for various reasons, such as:
1.mixing in wastewater generated by fossil combustion and industrial activities.
2. Pesticides and chemicals used for agriculture enter water.
8. Write down three consequences of global warming.
Answer:- The three consequences of global warming are:
Melting of vast ice sheets in the polar regions.
sea-level rise.
Changes in the birth, growth and geographical distribution of plants and animals.
9. How is soil polluted?
Answer:- Soil is polluted for various reasons. Soil is mainly polluted by the use of agrochemicals (e.g., pesticides and fertilizers), industrial waste, waste such as plastics, and urban waste. These factors deteriorate soil quality and reduce fruit productivity.
10. What does “global warming” mean? Explain the global warming sections.
Answer:-"Global warming" means an increase in the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and surface, especially as a result of increases in greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide, methane) and human activities.
Explanation of the parts of global warming:
Natural causes: Natural changes in solar energy and other environmental factors control the rate of this warming.
Man-made causes: Since the Industrial Revolution, the increased use of fossil fuels, deforestation, and the use of agricultural chemicals have increased greenhouse gas emissions.
Future consequences: Global warming alters sea level rise, melting ice sheets, and the distribution and growth of plants and animals, threatening global life.
These are threatening the security and stability of the Earth's climate.
Editing By:- Lipi Medhi
