Answer:- The terrestrial zone is the part of the earth that is slightly above the sea surface. The land mass consists of 7 continents. It is made up of Asia, Europe and Africa, North America, South America, Oceania and Antarctica. 29% of the land area. The largest part of this land (about 67%) is located in the Northern Hemisphere. 90% of the world's population lives in the Northern Hemisphere।
Watershed:- The watershed is the large part of the Earth's surface surrounded by rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc. including the oceans. The water table covers 71% of the Earth's surface. The five major oceans of the world are the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the North Ocean and the Southern Ocean. The bulk of the water table, 57 %, is located in the Southern Hemisphere।
2. According to the continental displacement formula, what was the condition of the Earth in the beginning?
Answer:- According to the Continental Displacement Formula, about 300 million years ago, the Earth's land mass was consolidated and surrounded by water. The land mass of the Earth in that state is known as Penjia and the water mass is known as Panthalasa. A narrow and long sea was formed by a crack east-west through the right side of the peninsula. That sea, known as the Sea of Tethys, divided Peninsula into two parts, north and south. The part to the north is called Angaraland (Laurasia) and the part to the south is called Gondwanaland. 250 million years ago, crustal rupture and continental movement divided Angaraland or Laurasia and Gandwanaland into the present continents moving equatorially and westwards. Laurasia split to form the continents of Europe and Asia, north of North America, Greenland, and the Indian subcontinent. On the other hand, Gandwanaland split to form South America, Africa, Madagascar, India, the Arabian Peninsula, Australia, Antarctica, Malaysia and other islands।
3. Briefly write about the geology of the ocean floor।
Answer:- The topography of the ocean floor is very uneven. The ocean floor is rugged with cliffs, valleys, sea dunes, and canyons. The average ocean depth is 4,000 metres. The depth gradually increases from the coast to the middle of the ocean. The landforms found here are coasts, ocean slopes, ocean slopes, deep seabed, seabed valleys, marine reefs, islands and deep seabeds respectively. Following the slopes, there are deep seabed valleys (up to 4000 m deep), deepest ocean basins (average 8000 m) and scattered rock formations and islands on the sea surface.
4. Briefly describe the distribution of oceans and continents।
Answer:- Distribution of continents:-
The land mass is the part of the earth that is slightly above the sea surface. The land sphere is divided into the water sphere. The land mass is divided into four large parts।
The first, part consists of the continents of Asia, Europe and Africa
Second, the part is the continents of North America and South America
Second, the part is the continents of North America and South America
Third, the continent of Oceania, which is made up of Australia and many islands
Fourth, the section consists of the continent of Antarctica।
Distribution of oceans:-
The five major oceans of the world are the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the North Ocean and the Southern Ocean।
The Pacific Ocean one It is located between Asia, North America and South America।
The Atlantic Ocean one It is located between North America and South America on the one hand and Europe and Africa on the other।
The Indian Ocean one It is located south of Asia, east of Africa and west of Oceania।
North Ocean one It is located north of North America, Europe and Asia।
Southern Ocean one It is located south of the continents of South America, Africa and Oceania।
5. Briefly describe the landforms on the surface of the Earth।
Answer:- The presence of mountains, hills, plains, plateaus, etc. makes the land surface uneven. The seven continents of the world - Asia, Europe and Africa, North America, South America, Oceania and Antarctica - each have different topography।
(a) Mountains: Himalayas, Karakoram, Tienchang, Arvali in Asia; European Caucasus, Alps; the South American Andes; Rocky of North America; The Snowy Mountains in Oceania are notable. Mount Everest (8848m) is the highest peak in the world. Similarly, the Andes Mountains (8,000 km) in South America are the largest in the world।
(b) Plains:- Ganges, Brahmaputra river valley plains, Huangho, Irrawaddy, Mekong, Chikiang river valley plains of Asia; the plains of Europe from the coast of France to the Ural Mountains; The river valley plains of the Congo, Niger, Limpopo and Zambezi in Africa, the vast high plains of northern North America, the coastal lowlands, the vast plains of the Amazon, Paraná and Perguera rivers and the plains of the Moore and Darling rivers in Oceania।
(c) Plateaus: Pamir, Tibetan, Siberian, Mongolian, Arabian, Iranian and Southern Plateaus of Asia; Ecuador in South America and Australia in the Parana-Patagania Plateau and Oceania are dominant. The Pamir Plateau is considered to be the largest plateau in the world।
6. Briefly discuss the natural features of Asia।
Answer:- Asia is made up of mountains, plains, plateaus, deserts, rivers, lakes, islands, etc. Some of them are not available in other parts of the world. These characteristic landforms give the continent its uniqueness.
(a) Mountains of Asia: Himalayas, Karakoram, Tienshan, Arvali, Urals etc. The continent is home to Mount Everest (8,848 m), the second highest peak, Godwin Austin (8,661 m) and the third highest peak, Kanchan Jungha (8,586 m).।
(b) Plateaus of Asia: Tibetan Plateau, Siberian Plateau, Mongolian Plateau, Southern Plateau, Arabian Plateau, Iranian Plateau etc. The continent is home to the highest Pamir Plateau in the world।
(c) Rivers of Asia: Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus in the central-south, Yenichi, Obi and Lena in the north, Amur, Huangho, Chikiang in the east, Iravati, Mekong, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery and Narmada in the south and southeast The world's largest and smallest river islands, Majuli and Uma Nanda, are located in the Brahmaputra River respectively. In addition, the world's largest bay island, the Sundarbans, is located at the mouth of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers।
(d) Lakes of Asia:- There are many lakes, both large and small, in this continent. Balkhach, Baikal, Silka, Chambar, Dal, Pulikat, Loktak, etc. Among them, Lake Baikal is the largest and deepest freshwater lake in the world।
(e) Deserts of Asia:- Asia has both tropical and cold deserts. Cold deserts include the Gobi in Mongolia and hot deserts include the Thar and Arabian deserts in India।
7. Write the answer with reasons
(a) Why is about 90 percent of the world's population concentrated in the northern hemisphere?
Answer:- The largest part of the land (about 67%) is located in the Northern Hemisphere and therefore the population is mostly found in this land।
In the northern hemisphere relatively developed countries are more e.g one These countries are economically advanced and therefore populous due to industrialization, transportation, availability of mineral resources, employment opportunities, etc. in Europe, Japan, China, Russia in Asia, Canada in North America, USA, etc।
The climate of the Northern Hemisphere is relatively more flexible than that of the Southern Hemisphere. The climate is conducive to various activities ranging from agriculture to manufacturing. Therefore, these areas are densely populated. In contrast, a large part of the southern hemisphere is covered in ice at the South Pole for most of the year making it impossible for people to live and work there।
(b) Why is there no permanent human settlement in Antarctica?
Answer:- Antarctica, located in the southern hemisphere of the Earth, has six consecutive days and six consecutive nights because the sun's rays are tilted. Because of the low temperatures, most of Antarctica is covered with ice for twelve months of the year, so there is no permanent settlement।
8. Briefly answer the following questions:
(a) What forms the natural boundary between the continents of Asia and Europe?
Answer:- The Ural Mountains।
(b) Which is the longest mountain range in the world and where is it located?
Answer:- The Andes Mountains and the western part of the South American continent.
(c) Name the largest and smallest continents of the world by area।
Answer:- Largest continent – Asia
The smallest continent one Continent of Oceania
(d) Which country of the world extends to two other continents?
Answer:- Russia।
(e) Name the largest and smallest countries in the world by area।
Answer:- Largest country - Russia।
Smallest country - Vatican City।
(f) What is the name of the main mountain range in North America? In which part of the continent is it located?
Answer:- The Rocky Mountains।
It extends north and south from Alaska in the west of the continent to Mexico।
(g) Which is the largest desert in the world and where is it located?
Answer:- The Sahara Desert and is located on the African continent।
(h) Name two rivers in Asia that flow northward and eastward।
Answer:- Rivers flowing to the north - Ganga and Lena।
Rivers flowing to the east - the Indus and Mekong Rivers।
(i) Name one of the major mountain ranges, rivers and deserts in Australia।
Answer:- Mountain Range - Great Dividing Range।
River - Darling River।
Desert - Great Victoria Desert।
(j) Name three countries in Europe and in the Mediterranean region।
Answer:- Italy, France and Greece।
9. Write a brief:
(a) Penzia:- According to the continental displacement formula, about 300 million years ago, the Earth's land mass was consolidated and surrounded by water. The land mass of the Earth in that state is known as the Peninsula. The right side of the peninsula split from east to west to form a narrow and long sea. That sea, known as the Sea of Tethys, divided Pangea into two parts, north and south. The part to the north is called Angaraland and the part to the south is called Gondwanaland।
(b) North Ocean: The North Ocean is the smallest ocean in the world. The ocean covers an area of about 14 million square kilometers. The North Sea is surrounded by the northern parts of Asia, Europe and North America. The average depth of the ocean floor is 3,500 metres. Because of its location in the North Pole, the North Sea is covered with ice most of the year।
(c) Oceania:- Oceania covers an area of about 8 million square km. It covers 5.4 percent of the land area. It is the smallest continent in the world. Oceania is made up of 14 countries, large and small. As of 2014, the continent has a total population of 38 million. Australia is the largest country in Oceania and the sixth largest country in the world. The mainland of Oceania, Australia, is an ancient plateau. The Moore, Darling, Beliando, Victoria and Swan are the main rivers of the continent. Some of the deserts on the continent are Great Victoria, Great Sandy, Tanami, Simpson, Gibson, etc।
(d) Rivers of Asia:- The rivers of Asia are one the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Indus in the central-southern part; Ienichi, Obi and Lena in the northern part; the Amur, Huangho, and Chikiang in the east; The Irrawaddy, Mekong, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery, Narmada, etc. to the south and southeast. The Brahmaputra River is home to the world's largest and smallest river islands, Majuli and Uma Nanda, respectively. In addition, the world's largest bay island, the Sundarbans, is located at the mouth of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers।
(e) Lakes of Africa:- There are many lakes in Africa. These lakes are Victoria, Albert, Tanganyika, Chad, Volta, Nyacha, Kebora Bacha, Malawi, Tukarna, Kivu, Abbey, etc।
(g) Appalachian Highlands:- One of the oldest mountain ranges in North America is the Appalachian Highlands. It stretches from Newfoundland in the north to Florida in the south. The rugged region consists of mountains, steep valleys and broken plateaus. The entire area is covered with forests. This region is home to the vast deposits of the United States' mineral resources (coal, iron ore, zinc, etc.).।
(h) Lakes of North America:- North America has many rivers and lakes. The most notable of these are the Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario, Great Bear, Great Slave, and Great Salt. Of these, Superior is the third largest in the world and the largest freshwater lake in North America।
10. Choose the correct answer:
(a) Which is the second largest ocean in the world?
(1) The Pacific Ocean
(2) The Indian Ocean
(3) The Atlantic Ocean
(4) Southern Ocean
Answer:- (3) The Atlantic Ocean।
(b) Which is the smallest continent in the world?
(1) The continent of North America
(2) Continent of Europe
(3) The continent of Antarctica
(4) Oceania continent
Answer:- (4) Oceania continent।
(c) In which ocean is the Falkland Islands located?
(1) The Atlantic Ocean
(2) The North Ocean
(3) The Pacific Ocean
(4) The Indian Ocean
Answer:- (1) The Atlantic Ocean।
(d) What sea separates the continents of Asia and Africa?
(1) The Mediterranean Sea
(2) The Red Sea
(3) The Campion Sea
(4) The Arabian Sea
Answer:- (1) The Mediterranean Sea।
(e) What naturally separates the continents of Asia and Europe?
(1) The Ural Mountains
(2) The Caucasus Mountains
(3) The Caspian Sea
(4) The Volga River
Answer:- (1) The Ural Mountains।
(f) Ecuador is located on which continent?
(1) North America
(2) South America
(3) Africa
(4) Asia
Answer:- (2) South America।
(g) What is the capital of Brazil?
(1) Rio de Janeiro
(2) Chao Paulo
(3) Brasilia
(4) Lima
Answer:- (3) Brasilia।
Additional Question and Question Bank Q. Answers
1. Characterize the area of Asia and its location।
Answer:- Asia is the largest and most populous continent in the world. It covers an area of about 44.5 million square kilometers and 30 percent of the world's land area. The continent is located at 81 degrees north° 11 south of north latitude° South latitude, 26 in the east° 70 west from east longitude° extending to west longitude. The Arctic Ocean is north of Asia, The Indian Ocean to the south, It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the east and Europe and Africa to the west।
Area of the land, Asia has a variety of topography—high mountains, broad plain, Rivers, lakes and populated areas. These include the Himalayas, It is the highest mountain peak in the world, and include large plateaus।
2. Which is the largest desert in the world and where is it located?
Answer:-The largest desert in the world is the Sahara, located in North Africa।
3. It is located in the Mediterranean region of Europe. Name two countries where it is located। [HSLC
Answer:- Italy and Greece are two countries in Europe and located in the
Mediterranean region।
4. What is the name of the main mountain range in North America?
Answer:-The Rocky Mountains are the main mountain range in North America.।
5. Name the smallest ocean on Earth.
Answer:-The Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean in the world.।
6. Name two countries in Europe located in the Mediterranean region.
Answer: Two countries in Europe located in the Mediterranean region are called "Spain" and "Italy"।
7. Describe the major geographical divisions of Asia।
Answer: The main geographical divisions of Asia are:
Highland Region: This region covers the Meghalaya, Himalayas, and Tibetan Plateau।
Rivers and Plains: This includes the rivers Ganges, Brahmaputra, Indus, and Ensi।
Deserts:- Vast semi-deserts, such as areas of Garval, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan।
Plateaus: Various plateaus in Central Asia, such as the plateaus of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan।
8. Associated with climate variations in Asia. Discuss the factors. [HSLC '13]
Answer: The factors associated with climate variations in Asia are:
Geographical location: The extent and land contours of the continent, which cause variations in climate।
Altitude: The altitude of mountains and plateaus affects climate change and temperature।
Prevailing winds: The movement of west and east winds, which affects the weather and climate change।
Rivers and Reservoirs: The location and size of reservoirs and rivers influence the nature of the climate।
Human activities: affect air quality along with industry, agriculture, and urbanization।
The combined effect of these factors causes climate variations in Asia।
Editing By:- Lipi Medhi
