International organizations - United Nations and others
Very short answer question:
1) Why was the United Nations formed?
Answer:- After World War I in 1914, an international organization called the United Nations was formed to establish peace and end war forever. But in 1939, World War II broke out again. This is followed by efforts to restore peace among the nations of the world. The United Nations was formed on 24 October
2. State two purposes of the United Nations.
Answer:- The two purposes of the United Nations are 一
(a) To maintain international peace and security.
(b) To establish friendly relations between countries on the basis of equal rights and self-determination.
3. Name the organs of the United Nations.
Answer:- There are six main organs of the United Nations. These organs are 6 ―
(i) General Meeting
(ii) Security Council
(iii) Economic and Social Council
(iv) Council of Trustees
(v) International Court of Justice
(vi) Secretariat
4. Name two agencies involved in the United Nations.
Answer:- There are two agencies involved in the United Nations
(i) International Labor Organization (ILO)
(ii) World Health Organization (WHO)
5. Name two treaties concluded in relation to disarmament.
Answer:- The two agreements on disarmament are 一
(i) The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty of
(ii) “Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty / CTBT” concluded in 1996;
6. What do you mean by human rights?
Answer: Every person in the world needs certain rights to develop his personality and live a dignified life. These rights are called human rights.
Long answer questions:
1. Discuss the purpose of the formation of the United Nations and its principles.
Answer:- The UN Charter has a total of 111 articles. Its first article sets out the four objectives of the United Nations. The objectives are —
(i) Maintenance of international peace and security.
(ii) To establish friendly relations between countries on the basis of equal rights and self-determination.
(iii) To resolve economic, social and cultural problems on the basis of international cooperation and to ensure that every person enjoys human rights and fundamental rights.
(iv) To act as a center for establishing relations between different countries for the achievement of the above objectives.
The main principles of the United Nations are ―
(i) The United Nations shall be established on the basis of equal sovereign principles for all Member States.
(ii) All Member States shall fulfill their obligations in compliance with the rules set out in the Charter of the United Nations.
(iii) All Member States shall settle all disputes peacefully without prejudice to international peace, security and justice.
(iv) No Member State shall use force in the interests of maintaining international relations.
(v) Member States shall assist the United Nations in taking any action as provided in the Charter and the United Nations shall not assist a State taking punitive measures.
(v) The United Nations shall not interfere in the internal affairs of the Member States.
2. Write a note on the United Nations Security Council.
Answer:- The Security Council is the most important organ of the United Nations. When the United Nations was initially formed, the Security Council had five permanent members and six non-permanent members. In 1963, the Charter of the United Nations was amended to increase the number of non-permanent member states to ten. The non-permanent members of the Security Council are elected by the General Assembly. The permanent members are the United States, Great Britain, France, Russia and China. Permanent members have the power to veto. Therefore, a decision is not taken if a permanent member vetoes an issue.
3. Discuss the steps taken by the United Nations for world peace.
Answer:- The United Nations was established in 1945 to protect the people from the horrors of war and establish peace in the world. This organization is celebrating its 70th anniversary today.
During this period, the United Nations has played a significant role in bringing about an atmosphere of peace in the troubled world and resolving all issues through dialogue and understanding.
Over the past few decades, the United Nations has sought to eliminate the atmosphere of war among the nations of the world through disarmament. In January 1952, the United Nations established the Disarmament Commission. Since then, the following agreements have been signed under the auspices of the United Nations.
(i) the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty of 1963;
(ii) the “Outer Space Treaty” in 1967,
(iii) the “Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty” in 1968,
(iv) “Seabed Control Treaty” in
(v) 1972 SALT-1 or Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
(vi) 1979 Chanat “SALT-2” (SALT-2)
(vii) 1993 “Nuclear Arms Control Treaty”
(viii) 1991 and 1993 START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty)-1 and START-2
(ix) “Treaty on the Ban of Nuclear Weapons Tests” (CTBT or Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty) concluded in 1996 among 158 countries;
Through the conclusion of these treaties, the United Nations has played a leading role in establishing peace in the world ǀ perhaps as a result of the good governance of the United Nations, we have avoided World War III ǀ
4. Write a note on the National Human Rights Commission of India.
Answer:- In June 1993, a UN Special Convention on Human Rights in Vienna recommended the creation of a human rights commission in each of its member states.
The National Human Rights Commission was established on 12 October 1993 in India. Just days later, the President approved the National Human Rights Act on 8 January This Act became known as the "Protection of Human Rights Act", The Act also establishes Human Rights Commissions in the States.
The Chairman of the Commission should be a former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Its other members are ―
(i) A Judge or former Judge of the Supreme Court
(ii) a Judge or former Judge of a High Court
(iii) Two members are persons with knowledge and experience in human rights
In addition to these, the President of the Commission for Minorities, the President of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Tribes and the President of the National Commission for Women are members. The term of office of all members is 5 years.
The National Human Rights Commission reviews all aspects of human rights violations in India and submits a report to the Government for appropriate action.
5. Discuss the action taken at the United Nations on human rights.
Answer:- As the United Nations has taken the lead in establishing an environment of peace among the nations of the world, it has also taken steps to ensure that every person in the world can live a life of dignity and protect certain rights. With this objective in mind, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Declaration of Human Rights on 10 December 1948 with the support of 48 Member States.
Comprising a Preamble and 30 Articles, the Declaration serves two main purposes. First, the Declaration enshrines the rights essential to the peoples of the world. Secondly, the rights set out in this Declaration are recognized by the Member States.
The rights set forth in this Declaration limit the powers and functions of the Member States of the United Nations. In principle, no one can ignore these rights. The UN Declaration makes it clear that it is not possible to maintain peace and security by depriving the citizens of the country of these rights.
Additional and Question Bank Q. Answers
1. Write about the powers and functions of the United Nations General Assembly.
Answer:- The General Assembly of the United Nations is the largest organ of the United Nations, with representatives from all member states. Some of its major capabilities and functions are:
Rules and Policies: The General Assembly determines the various policies and programs of the United Nations.
Budget Approval: The meeting approved the budget resolution for the functions of the United Nations.
State Membership Considerations: Considers and decides applications for membership of new Member States.
Discussions on world issues: They discuss international issues, peace and security among the member states.
Read the special report: discusses and takes decisions on special reports obtained from Member States.
Joint Decision Making: The General Assembly votes on and takes decisions on resolutions sent by member states.
2. State the four main functions of the National Human Rights Commission.
Answer:-The four main functions of the National Human Rights Commission are:
1. Review of Human Rights Violations: The Commission receives complaints of human rights violations and seeks reports from the governments concerned.
2. Submission of reports: The Commission prepares and submits reports to the Government on issues of human rights violations.
3. Creating public awareness: The Commission undertakes programs to raise awareness of human rights among the public.
4. Providing recommendations and advice: The Commission makes recommendations and recommendations to the Government on the protection of human rights.
These activities play a special role in protecting human rights in India.
3.List the four main functions of the National Human Rights Commission. [HSLC '12]
Answer:- The four main functions of the National Human Rights Commission are:
1. The Commission receives allegations of human rights violations.
2. The Commission seeks a report from the government concerned on the allegations.
3. The Commission makes recommendations and recommendations to the Government on the protection of human rights.
4.The Commission undertakes programs to raise awareness of human rights among the public.
These activities play an important role in protecting human rights in India.
৪. Briefly discuss the role of the United Nations in world peace. [HSLC '22]
Answer:- The United Nations plays an important role in world peace. The United Nations, formed after World War II, has been trying to create an atmosphere of peace to remove the horrors of war. It seeks to solve various problems in the world through dialogue and understanding. The United Nations has adopted multiple initiatives on disarmament and arms control, such as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. It has taken steps to eliminate the atmosphere of war among the nations of the world. These UN initiatives have made a special contribution to ensuring world peace and security.
5. Briefly describe the structure and functioning of the National Human Rights Commission of India. [HSLC '20]
Answer:- The National Human Rights Commission of India was established on 28 September 1993 by an Ordinance of the President. The purpose of this commission is to protect human rights. The members of the Commission are selected from among former Chief Justices of the Supreme Court, Chief Justices of other High Courts and knowledgeable and experienced persons in the field of human rights. The term of office of the members is five years.
The Commission receives complaints of human rights violations and seeks reports from the governments concerned. It advises the government on the protection of human rights and monitors the national administration. Thus, the National Human Rights Commission plays an important role in the preservation and protection of human rights in India.
6. When was the United Nations established? What is its main goal? [HSLC '20]
Answer:- The United Nations was established on 24 October Its main objectives are to maintain international peace and security, establish friendly relations between countries on the basis of equal rights and self-determination, and solve social, economic and cultural problems on the basis of international cooperation.
7.Give a brief description of the United Nations Security Council. [HSLC'19]
Answer:- The UN Security Council is the most important organ of the United Nations. The Council has five permanent members and ten temporary members. The permanent members are the United States, Great Britain, France, Russia and China. The Security Council requires the consent of nine members to take a decision on an important issue. Their decisions have a special impact due to the veto system of the permanent members. The main purpose of this Council is to maintain international peace and security.
8.How is the Secretary-General of the United Nations appointed? Who was the first Secretary-General of the United Nations?
Answer:- The Secretary-General of the United Nations is appointed by the General Assembly with the approval of the Security Council. The term of office of the Secretary-General is 5 years, and he may be re-elected. The first Secretary-General of the United Nations was Norway's Trivhaldan Lee.
9. Write a note on the National Human Rights Commission of India.
Answer:- The National Human Rights Commission of India was constituted on 12 October Its purpose is to work to protect human rights. The Chairman of the Commission shall be a former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Members are elected for a term of three years and during their term review and report on allegations of human rights violations to the government and take necessary action.
10. When does the UN General Assembly adopt the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? What is the main purpose of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
Answer:-The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on 10 December
The main purpose of this Declaration is to protect and respect the fundamental rights of every person in the world to lead a life of dignity.
11. Write down the three purposes of the United Nations. [HSLC '06]
Answer:- The three objectives of the United Nations are: To maintain international peace and security. To establish friendly relations between countries on the basis of equal rights and self- determination. To solve economic, social and cultural problems on the basis of international cooperation.
12. Write down any three powers of the National Human Rights Commission. [HSLC '10]
Answer:-The three powers of the National Human Rights Commission are:
Receiving complaints of human rights violations.
Seeking reports from the concerned government.
To provide advice and recommendations to the Government on matters of rights violations.
13.Write down the two main powers of the National Human Rights Commission.
Answer:- The two main powers of the National Human Rights Commission are:
Receiving complaints of human rights violations.
Reporting rights violations to the government and recommending appropriate action.
14. What are the four/six specialized agencies of the United Nations?
Answer:-The six specialized agencies of the United Nations are:
1. General Assembly
2. Security Council
3. Economic and Social Council
4. Trusteeship Council
5. International Court of Justice
6. Secretariat (Secretariat)
Editing By:- Lipi Medhi
