Population growth and distribution
1. Write about the trend of population growth in the world. Why and during which period was the population growth rate significantly higher?
Answer: Various natural, economic and social factors The rate and distribution of population growth is not the same everywhere in the world. During the early period of human history, the population was almost stable. The growth rate has been quite rapid in the last few years (ie 1950s to 2000s). Therefore, spatial variations in population growth rates have also caused significant unevenness in the distribution of the Earth's population. During the period 1950-2000, the world's population increased from 2.5 billion to 6 billion in just fifty years. This means that the population increased by 3.5 billion in just 50 years during the period 1800-1 This is called the Earth's population explosion. Such conditions are made possible by food security, human development of lifestyles and advances in medical science. If this growth continues, the world's population is expected to exceed 8 billion by 2025 and 9.5 billion by However, population growth rates are not the same everywhere in the world.
2. What is the current estimated population of the Earth? State the main causes of spatial variations in population growth.
Answer: The current estimated population of the Earth is 7 billion. Population growth varies spatially due to various natural, economic and social factors.
3. Provide a picture of regional variations in the current population growth of the world.
Answer: The main reasons for regional variations in the current population growth of the world are high birth rates and low mortality rates, better distribution due to improved communications, widespread education and migration. There are significant differences in population growth rates between developed and developing countries of the world depending on the differences in changing socio-economic development. During the period 1750-1970, the average annual growth rate of population in developed countries was significantly higher than in developing countries. However, during the period 1955-1970, this population growth rate is completely reversed between developed and developing' countries. For example, during the period 1750-1850, the annual growth rate of Africa was significantly lower than that of Europe. However, this growth rate changed significantly during the period 1950-2000 to 2.55 per cent in Africa and 0.6 per cent in Europe. Asia, the most populous continent in the world, has the highest population growth. During the period 1750-2000, the population of Asia increased from 498 million to 3,361 million. In North America, the increase ranged from 2 million to 354 million. Such differences in population growth observed between Asia and North America are due to the high birth rate of the Asian continent. However, the increase in North America is due to immigration from Europe and other regions. Europe's steady and very low population growth is due to very low birth rates and high out-migration to the Americas and Oceania. Currently, population growth rates are high in almost all African countries and some Muslim-dominated countries in Asia due to high birth rates.
4. Write about the population distribution of the world and the main factors of the distribution of Assam.
Answer: The distribution of population is not the same in all regions of the world due to differences in the nature and resources of the Earth's surface, climate, soil, roads, economic development processes, etc. In addition to its large land area, it is home to about 90 per cent of the world's population due to its favorable natural and socio-economic conditions over a large part of the northern hemisphere. Population distribution differences can be understood by population density. That is, the population density of an area is the total population living in an area divided by the area of the area. Thus, among the continents, Asia has the highest population density and Oceania has the lowest population density.
The nature of the topography of a place also has a significant impact on the population distribution. The main factors in the distribution of Assam are climate, topography, soil, energy and mineral resources, transportation, socio-economic system, etc.
5. Discuss the role of topography and climate in population distribution with examples.
Answer: The nature of the topography of a place also has a significant impact on the population distribution. The effects of the altitude and nature of the site are very important in this regard for example, the differences in the topography between the hilly areas and the plains and the resulting differences in population distribution. Riverine plains and coastal lowlands are suitable for agriculture and transportation and have high population densities. On the other hand, the high mountainous areas are sparsely populated due to lack of access to agriculture and transportation.
Climate is one of the most important natural factors in population distribution. The temperature, rainfall and duration of agricultural activities in a place determine the climatic characteristics of the place. South and East Asia, which is located in the tropical monsoon region, has good agriculture and therefore high population density due to favorable temperatures and insufficient rainfall.
6. Mention the major densely populated areas of the world and briefly describe their geographical characteristics.
Answer: The major densely populated regions of the world are East Asia, South Asia, Western Europe, Northeast Coastal Plain of the United States, Coastal Region of South America, Nile Basin of Africa, Coast of West Africa, Southeast Asia etc. These areas are densely populated mainly due to their suitable geographical location, abundance of rivers and coastal plains, transportation facilities, favorable climate, abundance of mineral resources, development of industry and commerce etc. Plains are usually densely populated. The main reasons for this are that the plains have ample opportunities for industrial development due to their agriculture, water supply, easy transportation and communication facilities. Areas with fertile and alluvial soils are densely populated. The river valleys of Southeast Asia are densely populated due to their fertile soil. Temperate climates are densely populated. Areas with high rainfall are densely populated. This means that areas with abundant water are densely populated because water is required for various activities such as survival and agriculture.
7. What are the major thinly populated regions of the world? What are the main reasons for the sparse population in those areas?
Answer: The major thinly populated regions of the world are the tropical regions of North America and Europe, the Sahara Desert, tropical deserts like Kalahari, Gobi, Thar, tropical rainforests, high mountainous regions like Himalayas, Rockies, Andes and equatorial regions. The main reasons for the sparse population of these areas are extreme heat, extremely hot and cold climates, dry climate, geographical location, difficulties in agriculture, difficulties in transportation and communication. Such areas are sparsely populated mainly due to their geographical location. Hot deserts and cold polar regions that are unsuitable for human habitation are difficult to inhabit and are sparsely populated. Heavy rains in the equatorial regions lead to dry climates and various diseases that prevent people from settling safely. In addition, the land in such areas is not suitable for agriculture and therefore the population is sparse.
8. What is meant by population migration? What are the main types and what are they?
Answer: Population migration is the act of a people or ethnic group leaving their place of residence and moving to another place for a long period of time.
There are two types of population migration: internal migration and external migration.
9. Briefly explain why population migration occurs.
Answer: Migration is a very complex process and it occurs in different ways due to different factors. People always migrate to new places in search of suitable places for their economic and social development. Such migration takes place within one country or from one country to another.
There is also a significant amount of migration for marital reasons under social factors. The proportion of women in such migration is quite high. In addition, there is a high rate of migration from rural areas for educational and medical facilities in urban areas.
10. State the attractive and repulsive factors of population migration.
Answer: Adverse factors of population migration
i) Lack of employment, adverse economic conditions.
ii) Low wages, low standard of living.
iii) Adverse social environment, social discrimination.
Attractive factors:
i) Abundance of employment, favorable economic conditions, prospects for better economic conditions.
ii) Higher salaries, better standard of living.
iii) Favorable social conditions, freedom of intellectual thought.
11. What is meant by international migration ? Briefly state the causes and consequences of two international migrations with examples.
Answer: International migration is when people migrate from one country to another.
For example:
a) Migration from other parts of Europe, including England, to various sparsely populated areas of the world between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries.
This caused more than 100 million Europeans to migrate to different parts of the world within three centuries.
b) The partition of India at the time of independence in 1947 also caused about 15-20 million people to migrate from one part of the undivided India to another. This was due to political instability as a result of which infiltration is taking place in the Indian states of Assam, many states of Nepal and many states of Bangladesh.
12. Write a brief:
(a) Mass explosion
Answer: Population explosion is an unnecessary increase in population. Developing countries have higher population growth rates than other countries. There is a shortage of space in the country or state due to the rapid population growth of billions. Population explosion is the rapid population growth in Third World countries. This means that the population increased by 3.5 billion in just 50 years during the period 1800-1950 compared to 1.5 billion in 150 years during the period 1800-1 This is called the Earth's population explosion.
(b) population density
Answer: Population density is the total population living in an area divided by the total area of the area. Population densities are highest in temperate climates and fertile river valleys. Population density is low in mountainous, plateau and warm climate areas.
(c) Intradermal migration
Answer: End migration is when migration occurs within a country. There are four types of intraocular migration. They are a) village to city, b) city to village, d) city to city, e) village to village.
(d) Intra-country migration
Answer: People always migrate to new places in search of suitable places for their own and social development. When people migrate from one country to another or between two different countries, it is called internal migration. For example, migration from Bangladesh to India. Immigration from India to the United States from the United States to India.
(e) Population migration is an attractive factor
Answer: The pull factors of migration are abundance of employment, favorable economic conditions, prospects for better economic conditions, increased labor demand, urban and industrial development, higher wages, better quality of life, better medical system, better agriculture, higher wages, Favorable political environment and security system, favorable social conditions, freedom of intellectual thought, improved educational environment, abundance of fertile land, improved and modern transport and communication system and favorable natural environment. Such factors attract people, resulting in migration.
(f) Deterrent factors of population migration
Answer: Push factors of migration are adverse economic conditions, lack of employment, low wages and low standard of living, overpopulation pressure compared to resources, low and underdeveloped agricultural production, political instability, lack of security of human life and property, social inequality, Adverse social environment, natural disasters and adverse natural conditions as well as backward transport and communication systems. When these repulsive factors act on the source of migration, people are forced to leave.
(g) Bangladesh-India Population Migration
Answer: Bangladesh-India population migration is an international population migration. With the independence of India in 1947, India was partitioned into two countries, Hindustan and Pakistan. The Muslim-dominated region of East Bengal became known as Bangladesh. Because of the large Muslim population in Bangladesh, more Hindus were sent to India from Bangladesh at that time. Thus, the influx of Bangladeshi people to India began. Bangladesh borders Assam and there is a large number of Bangladeshi migrants in Assam. This continuous influx from Bangladesh to India has significantly increased the population of India, especially Assam.
13. State the reasons for the high or low population density in your area.
Answer: The main reasons for high population density in an area are suitable geographical location, abundance of rivers and coastal plains, favorable climate, abundance of mineral resources, transport facilities, development of industry and commerce, high production in agriculture etc.
The main reasons for low population density in an area are mountainous geographical location, difficulties and low productivity of agriculture, hot and dry climate, difficulties in transportation, water scarcity, lack of industrial facilities, lack of education and health services, etc. This means that places that are made up of mountains and plateaus, without flat land, lack of accessible rivers, and lack of trade facilities have low population density.
[You will state the reasons for the fluctuations in population density according to the geographical location of your respective areas.
14. Choose the correct answer :
(a) In what year was the earth's population about 1 billion?
(1) In the 1950s
(2) In 1808
(3) In 1908
(4) In 1008
Answer: (2) In
(b) What is the main cause of population growth on earth?
(1) Increase in birth rate
(2) Reduction in mortality
(3) Reduction in mortality rate compared to birth rate
(4) Migration
Answer: (3) Decrease in mortality rate compared to birth rate.
(c) Which is the least populated continent in the world?
(1) Africa
(2) Oceania
(3) Europe
(4) South America
Answer: (2) Oceania.
(d) Which of the following countries has the highest population density?
(1) Japan
(2) India
(3) Bangladesh
(4) Indonesia
Answer: (3) Bangladesh.
Editing By:- Lipi Medhi
