Natural Geography: Weather and Climate
1) What is weather and climate? of weather and climate difference Explain the character.
Answer: Weather: Weather is the atmospheric conditions observed in a place for a short period of time, such as a few hours or days, or for a few days or weeks. Weather is the state of the atmosphere observed for a short period of time.
Climate: Climate is the average condition of the atmosphere determined for at least 30 years by observing weather components on a daily, seasonal, and annual basis.
Differences in weather and climate:
To understand the difference between weather and climate, we need to focus on time and space perceptions.
a) Weather refers to the atmospheric conditions usually observed in a place for a short period of time.
Climate, on the other hand, refers to the average condition of the atmosphere in a place over a long period of time.
b) Weather refers to the atmospheric conditions in a small area or a limited area.
On the other hand, climate is also used to refer to the concept of climate over a large area.
2. Mention the weather and climate components.
Answer: The components of weather and climate are: temperature, pressure, humidity, wind and subsidence.
3. Explain about weather and climate components.
Answer: The components of weather and climate are: temperature, pressure, humidity, wind, subsidence.
a) Heating: The heat of the Sun heats the atmosphere. Changes in the hot horizontal and vertical directions of the atmosphere are observed.
b) Air pressure: Air is a gaseous substance. It has both mass and pressure. The atmosphere is the collection of air. Variations in atmospheric pressure occur for two reasons, namely a) air temperature, b) elevation of the Earth's surface.
c) Humidity: Air humidity refers to the amount of water vapor dissolved in the air. Air humidity is expressed in two ways, namely extreme and relative humidity.
D. Wind: Wind moves from a high pressure area to a low pressure area. Such movement of air is called wind. The distribution of heat in the atmosphere is not equal everywhere and consequently the air pressure varies.
e) Subsidence: When water vapor in the air is condensed by condensation. As a result, when water particles are descending through the atmosphere to the Earth's surface, it is called subduction.
4. Explain the relationship between temperature, pressure and humidity.
Answer: Heat, pressure and humidity are components of weather and climate.
These elements are variable and they change across space and time.
Atmospheric temperature varies horizontally and vertically. The air temperature varies from time to time in a place. The sun's rays fall vertically in almost any place in the afternoon.
Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the air per unit area. Like other variables in the atmosphere, its pressure is a variable. Atmospheric pressure varies from place to place and from time to time.
Air humidity refers to the amount of water vapor dissolved in the air. Air humidity is expressed in two ways, namely extreme humidity and relative humidity.
5. Explain how atmospheric pressure varies.
Answer: The distribution of heat in the atmosphere is not equal everywhere and as a result the air pressure varies. These cause low air pressure in some places and high pressure in other places on the surface. Air also moves from high pressure areas to low pressure areas. Winds are caused by differences in air pressure at different places.
6. Why does the wind blow?
Answer: Winds are formed by differences in air pressure at different places. Just as water flows from high to deep, the atmosphere moves from high pressure to low pressure. As a result, the wind blows. Air flow is caused by the diurnal motion of the Earth.
7) What is meant by subsidence? Name the different types of subsidence
Answer: When water vapor in the air condenses by condensation, the size of the water particles increases. As a result, water particles descend to the surface through the atmospheric layer under the influence of gravity. This is then called subduction.
Different types of precipitation are: snow, ice, thick fog, light fog, snowflakes, snowflakes, rain, proximity to the sea, sea currents, mountainous location, wind currents, land nature.
8. State the factors that determine weather and climate.
Answer: The factors that determine weather and climate are:
1) Latitude 2) Altitude 3) Proximity to the sea 4) Sea currents 5) Location of mountains 6) Wind currents 7) Nature of the land 8) Slope and (9) Vegetation.
9. Expand on weather and climate factors with examples.
Answer: Weather and climate factors are: latitude, altitude, proximity to sea, sea currents, mountainous position, wind current, land nature, slope and mountain position, wind current, land nature, land slope and vegetation.
Latitude: Latitude is one of the main factors determining climate. At different latitudes, the sun's rays become straight or tilted, causing day and night to fluctuate. The heat intensity increases when the sun's rays fall directly or vertically.
Elevation: Differences in the elevation of the Earth's surface also cause differences in temperature. On average, the temperature decreases by about 6.5°C per kilometer of elevation.
Proximity to the sea: The temperature of the land is higher than the temperature of the water in summer and when the land cools in winter, the water remains relatively warm.
Ocean currents: The climate of a place is controlled by the influence of ocean currents. Some sea currents are hot and some are cold.
Mountainous location: Mountainous location also affects the climate of a place. The location of the mountains hinders air circulation. If an air mass carrying water vapor is stuck on a mountain slope and rises, heavy rain falls on the protest slope of the mountain.
Airflow: Airflow or wind plays a special role in determining the climate of a place. Wind can be of different types depending on its characteristics, such as dry air, hot air, cold air, etc.
Soil Nature: The nature of the soil varies according to its composition, such as sandy, rocky, silty, etc. Rocky and sandy soils are quickly heated by the sun and then cooled quickly by radiating heat.
Land slope: Importance of land slope as a factor of weather and climate When a land is inclined towards the sun's rays, the sun's rays fall vertically on it and result in higher temperatures.
Plants: Plants have a direct impact on climate. Vegetated forest areas contribute to rainfall. The air in forest areas is cool and this helps in condensation and results in frequent rainfall in such areas.
10. What are the types of climate?
Answer: The types of climate are:
1. Equatorial climate.
2. Monsoon climate.
3. Shade climate.
4. Warm desert climate.
5. Temperate desert climate.
6. Mediterranean climate.
7. Temperate humid climate.
8. Temperate grassland climate.
9. Temperate marine climate.
10. East coastal humid climate.
11. Sub-arctic (Taiga) climate.
12. Tundra climate.
13. Write a brief:
a) Relative humidity: Air humidity is expressed in two ways. such as extreme humidity and relative humidity. Relative humidity is a ratio expressed as a percentage. Relative humidity is the ratio of the mass of water vapor in a given volume of air at a given temperature.
b) Atmospheric Pressure: Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the wind per unit area. The average atmospheric pressure at sea level is 14.7 pounds per square inch. Atmospheric pressure is measured by the height of the mercury column of the barometer. Atmospheric pressure varies from place to place and from time to time. Atmospheric pressure varies mainly due to two factors, namely: 1) air temperature and 2) elevation of the Earth's surface.
C) Pressure Zones: Based on the differences in air pressure at the Earth's surface, several air pressure zones have been identified in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, namely: a) Equatorial Low Pressure Zone b) Subtropical High Pressure Zone c) Subpolar High Pressure Zone d) Polar High Pressure Zone.
d) Different types of rainfall: There are different types of rainfall. These include circulation rain, rockfall rain, cyclonic rain, axial rain, forest rain.
e) Effect of latitude on climate: Latitude is one of the major factors in determining climate. At different latitudes, the Sun's rays become straight or tilted, causing day and night to fluctuate. The intensity of the heat increases when the sun's rays fall straight or vertically. In contrast, the intensity of the sun's rays is lower, ie the heat is reduced.
f) Effect of plants on climate: Plants have a direct effect on climate. Vegetated forest areas contribute to rainfall. The air in forest areas is cool and it helps in condensation and rains are frequent in such areas. However, rainfall is low in areas without vegetation.
g) Monsoon climate: The monsoon climate prevails mainly in the eastern part of the countries between 10°N and 40°N latitudes and in the southern hemisphere. Evergreen plants grow in areas with an average annual rainfall of more than 200 cm and deciduous plants in areas with an average annual rainfall of 100 to 200 cm.
h) Taiga climate: The taiga climate prevails in the subpolar regions between 50° and 65° latitude. The coldest place on Earth, Verkhoynox, belongs to this climate. Simple plants grow widely in this climate. This simple plant is known as the taiga in Siberia.
i) Mediterranean Climate: The Mediterranean climate is found in the western coastal regions of the continents between 30° and 45° latitude north and south of the equator, with evergreen and deciduous plants. The climate is suitable for the cultivation of fruits and vegetables and therefore fruits are produced in large quantities in the Mediterranean climate zones.
j) Savannah climate: Savannah climate is called Sudan climate. This climate is mainly found in Sudan, central India, northern and central Africa, southern Brazil, and some regions. The average summer temperature in the savannah climate is 27°-28°C and the winter temperature is 10° to 15°C.
k) Tundra climate: Tundra climate prevails in the Arctic and Arctic regions. This climate is found in Canada, Asia and Antarctica. There is very little sunlight for six months and night for the remaining six months. It is very sparsely populated.
13. Answer briefly:-
a) How high does the atmosphere extend above the surface?
Answer: The atmosphere is 10,000 km above the Earth's surface. extending to heights.
b) What is the deficiency rate?
Answer: The rate at which air temperature decreases with altitude through the atmosphere is called the decrease rate.
c) What is the average atmospheric pressure at sea level?
Answer: The average atmospheric pressure at sea level is 14.7 pounds per square inch.
d) What is meant by air humidity?
Answer: Air humidity is the amount of water vapor dissolved in the air.
e) What is saturated air?
Answer: If a given volume of air contains exactly the same amount of water vapor as it can hold at a given temperature, then that air is called saturated air.
f) What is the latitudinal extent of the equatorial climate?
Answer: It occupies the region between 10° north and south latitudes from the equator.
g) Campus grassland belongs to which climatic zone?
Answer: The campus grassland area belongs to the savannah climate.
h) State the latitudinal extent of the temperate desert climate zone.
Answer: The temperate desert climate zone is found in the middle of the continents between 30° and 40° latitude north and south of the equator.
i) What is the Chinese climate called?
Answer: China's climate is called temperate humid climate.
j) Give an example of irregular wind.
Answer: An example of irregular wind is the back wind.
k) Why does warm air have a higher water vapor capacity?
Answer: The amount of water vapor in the air is not the same everywhere or at all times. The water vapor holding capacity of air depends on the temperature of the air.
l) Why is the air pressure higher at the bottom of the atmosphere?
Answer: Air is naturally compressible and therefore the air in the lower layer becomes more compressed, increasing the density. The pressure increases as the density increases.
Editing By:- Lipi Medhi
