The emergence of Indian nationalism
Very
short /short answer questions:
1) What was the first (main) factor in the
emergence of Indian nationalism? Write mentioning the time.
emergence of Indian nationalism? Write mentioning the time.
Answer: The first (main) factor in the
emergence of Indian nationalism was the Sepoy Mutiny of
or
The first (main) factor in the emergence of Indian nationalism was the influence of Western education. It dates back to the fifth centuryIn 1857 AD.
Answer: The author of the novel Anandamatha is Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.
Jahase Achcha....'?
Answer: 'Syare Jahase Achcha'.... The song is written by poet Mohammad Iqbal.
Answer: The first railway service in India was started in 1853 between Bombay and Thane.
system introduced in India?
Answer: The first telegraph system in India was introduced in 1839 between Calcutta and Diamond Harbor in the private sector.
established in India?
Answer: The first printing press in India was established in 1797 at Srirampur.
first established under what name?
Answer: Presidency College, Calcutta was originally established as Hindu College.
of Lord William Bentinck.
Answer: Two of Lord William Bentinck's most notable social reforms were the abolition of chastity and the expansion of women's education.
or
Two notable social reformers of Lord William Bentinck are:
(a) Abolition of the practice of satidah through legal process
(b) To expand women's education.
of Indian newspapers?
Answer: The Bengal Gazette was the first newspaper in the history of Indian newspapers.
or
Bengal Gazette'.
rise to Indian nationalism.
Answer: The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 was a movement for political liberation. The rebels wanted to overthrow the British rule and reinstate the Mughal rulers in the country through the Sepoy Rebellion. The objectives of the rebellion were not achieved but the consequences were far-reaching for the Indian people. In short, this rebellion gave rise to a new
form of Indian national life.
Praran Patra'
Answer: The main objectives of 'Udar Praran Patra' are as follows: In his letter, Ude laid the foundation for modern education in India by setting out a coherent plan for the expansion of education from primary to university level and directing education in the indigenous language at the lower level and in English at the upper level. He planned to increase the number of educational institutions by providing scholarships to gifted students and government grants. He suggested opening education departments in every province.
major role in shaping the Indian national awakening.
Answer: The following are the 6 factors that played a major role in shaping the Indian national awakening:
1. The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 was a kind of political liberation movement. This was the beginning of the emergence of Indian nationalism.
2. It was the British who opened the door to Western education, with whose
education the Indians in turn began to oppose the British as colonial
exploiters.
3. In 1839, the British radically changed the land routes in India by building the Grand Trunk Road from Calcutta to Delhi. In 1853, the British introduced
railways in India. In 1883, the railway line from Shadia to Dibrugarh was
started in Assam. It was the development of such communication that expanded the horizons of the minds of Indians, which also gave rise to nationalist sentiments.
4. There was a consciousness of Hindu fanaticism against the British invasion and the spread of Christianity. With the reformist initiatives of Lord William Bentinck, Raja Rammohan Roy was able to eradicate many vices in India. Raja Rammohan Roy was the father of modern India. Prayer societies created reform-oriented movements. By establishing the Ramakrishna Mission, Swami Vivekananda developed a sense of patriotism, self-confidence and spirituality in the minds of Indians.
5. With the birth of the Indian National Congress in 1885, Indian nationalism tookon a real form.
6. Like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Dadabhai Naorji made a great contribution to Indiansociety by shaping the concept of Swaraj after Raja Rammohan Roy in the rise of nationalism during the British era.
Answer: The four influences of Western education in shaping the Indian national awakening are mentioned below:
a) Western education was the first to stir the people of Bengal; On the one hand, the attraction to the capital Calcutta and on the other hand, its educational institutions. It was a matter of pride to be able to study in Calcutta institutions. Their minds and souls were illuminated by the presence of both.
b) They felt blessed to be acquainted with the ideals of the great thinkers of the Western world through their study of books and at the same time they were attracted to the speech and behavior of European people.
c) They brought a wave of mental satisfaction to their minds by reading the works of famous people like Rousseau, Voltaire, Burke, McCall Spencer etc.
d) Their minds were filled with unknown curiosity through knowledge of nationalism, self-government, democracy, etc.
influenced the development of Indian national awakening.
Answer: With the beginning of the Company's rule, the internal transport system of India changed radically. In 1839, the British radically changed the land route in India by building the Grand Trunk Road from Calcutta to Delhi. In 1853, the first railway service in India was launched with a 21 km route between Bombay and Thane. In 1883, the railway line from Shadia to Dibrugarh was started in Assam. The development of such communication expanded the horizons of the minds of Indians, which also gave rise to nationalist ideas.
Rammohan Roy in shaping the Indian national awakening.
Answer: The first person to bring national awakening to the people of India was Raja Rammohan Roy. Born into a conservative family in the present district of Bengal, he brought about a revival in all aspects of religion, social reform, education, politics and pioneered the construction of modern India.
In 1797, European missionaries established the first printing press in Srirampur to spread Christianity. The newspapers 'Digdarshan' and 'Samachar Darpan' published in Bengali by the Srirampur Mission Printing Press published some derogatory comments against Hinduism, presenting Christianity as a great religion. Rammohan Roy strongly protested against the blasphemous attitude towards Hinduism. Raja Rammohan Roy was a versatile man. He was not limited to the reforms of Hinduism but also emphasized social reforms and the spread of education. He was strongly opposed to child marriage, veil practice, polygamy, etc. Roy's strong role in abolishing the practice of satidah in India will remain a significant event in social history. Governor General William Bentinck was able to abolish this evil practice through legal means with the support of the sole judge. Roy called on the Company government to introduce liberal rule in India. He sought the separation of the judiciary from the executive to end the strict rule and appealed to the government to reform the civil and criminal codes. He called for the abolition of increased land taxes to improve the financial situation of farmers. Roy was able to involve some talented national leaders in the work of social upliftment. Among them are Dwarkanath Tagore, Prasanna Kumar Tagore, Henry Vivian Delzio and others. Raja Rammohan Roy was the father of modern India.
Answer: Swami Dayananda Saraswati, a scholar of Sanskrit, founded the Arya Samaj in Punjab. He promoted child marriage, caste discrimination and polygamy as social diseases of Hindu society. He took the lead in widow marriage and women's education. The Aryan society supported seafaring and promoted the avoidance of all superstitions. The Arya Samaj introduced a system of conversion. This is known as 'Shuddhi' Swami Dayananda introduced the first conversion system and allowed people of other religions to convert to Hinduism at will. He took the lead in building a progressive Hindu society by preventing the advance of Islam and Christianity. He established branches of the Arya Samaj in various parts of India and developed Hindu nationalism in India. Thus, Dayananda Saraswati played a pioneering role in shaping the Indian national awakening.
Answer: Keshav Chandra Sen initiated the reform movement in Maharashtra in 1867 by establishing the Prarthana Samaj on the model of the Brahmin Samaj. The prayer society focused on social reform. This event could create a strong reform movement throughout South India. Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade took the main leadership of the prayer society. Ranade's efforts led to the establishment of two famous institutions, the Widow Marriage Society and the Southern Education Society. The first program encouraged widow marriage and formed cottage industries for the financial employment of underprivileged widows. The Southern Education Society established ashrams in various places to educate orphans and raise them. He established night schools to educate the illiterate and underdeveloped nations. The Prarthana Samaj reform movement instilled a deep nationalist sentiment in the hearts of the people of South India.
Answer: The Ramakrishna Mission was formed around the doctrines of Ramakrishna Paramahansa. He was able to fascinate his followers by analyzing religion with beautiful metaphors. Swami Vivekananda was the founder of the Ramakrishna Mission. Vivekananda, a brilliant student at the University of Calcutta, was attracted to Ramakrishna Paramahansa and became his disciple. After the death of his Guru, he founded a monastery. Swami Vivekananda spread the true truth of Hinduism at home and abroad. He was a specialist in religious practice
(1) To instill patriotism in the minds of Indians,
(2) To instill self-confidence in the minds of Indians and
(3) To develop a sense of spirituality in the minds of Indians. He wanted to create a sense of unity and harmony among Indians. His aim was to build a strong Indian nation on the world stage. Swami Vivekananda's brilliant speeches inspired nationalism in the hearts of the listeners. Vivekananda's work inspired Indians to realize the heritage and abundance of the past, which resulted in nationalist sentiments in the minds of Indians.
Answer: The popularization of the Theosophical Society throughout India, centered on Madras, was due to the special efficiency of Mrs. Annie Besant, an Irish woman. Annie Besant focused on restoring ancient Indian civilization and culture through social work.
He established several model educational institutions emphasizing Indian spirituality. The Central Hindu School, founded by Annie Besant in Varanasi in 1898, became the Banaras Hindu University in 1916 under the patronage of Madan Mohan Malviya. institutions emphasizing Indian spirituality. The Central Hindu School, founded by Annie Besant in Varanasi in 1898, became the Banaras Hindu University in
1916 under the patronage of Madan Mohan Malviya. Mrs. Annie Besant embraced India as her motherland. He inspired Indians with his enthusiasm and breadth of thought. In 1916, Besant founded the Home Rule League to promote self-government among Indians.
11. What is the 'Aligarh Movement'? Write how this movement guided Muslims to modern thinking.
1916 under the patronage of Madan Mohan Malviya. Mrs. Annie Besant embraced India as her motherland. He inspired Indians with his enthusiasm and breadth of thought. In 1916, Besant founded the Home Rule League to promote self-government among Indians.
Answer: The Aligarh Movement is the movement to educate the Indian Muslim community with modern education through Aligarh educational institutions and instill nationalist thought among them. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan's contribution to the revival of Muslim society with modern thought is remarkable. He established an English Model School in Ghazipur in 1864 to educate the Muslim community with Western education. In 1875, he founded the Aligarh Mohammedan Anglo Indian College. In a short time, the institute became one of the centers of knowledge based on Western literature and culture. Syed Ahmad Khan developed political consciousness among the Muslims through the institution he established at Aligarh. This program paved the way for Indian Muslims to come into contact with Western education and culture. Some of the educated people who received education at the program took leadership in the Muslim society and freed the society from many vices. In 1920, the college became the Aligarh Muslim University.
Answer: The vernacular newspapers created public opinion against the British government in the minds of Indians by criticizing the actions of the imperialist rulers. The contribution of newspapers published from Bengal is the greatest. In the second half of the nineteenth century, the newspapers Bengal Darshan, Sanjeevani, Arya Darshan and Amrit Bazar Patrika, which were widely circulated in Bengal, played an important role in the development of national identity in the minds of Indians. These newspapers exposed the exploitation of Indians by the British rule. From 1861 onwards, there was a food shortage in many parts of India. Many Indians died of famine. The vernacular newspapers were sharply critical of Lord Lytton and his subordinate provincial rulers as the government took no measures to alleviate the food shortage. Litton was furious and issued the infamous 'Press Act' in 1878 to re-impose restrictions on Indian regional language newspapers. Governor General Lord Lytton passed the Arms Act in 1878 prohibiting Indians from carrying firearms. Litton's 'Arms Act' and 'Press Act' angered the Indians. The Indians gradually moved to defend their dignity.
Answer: During the tenure of Governor-General Lord Dufferin, a retired civil officer named Alain Octavian Hume planned the formation of a national institution in the interests of Indians. The meeting, named the Indian National Union, advocated the formation of an all-India national institution for the betterment of the country. It was decided to form a national institution with a proposal to hold a general assembly in Bombay. The Mahasabha was held on 28 December 1885 at Gokul Das Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay. 72 delegates from various parts of India attended the venue. Calcutta Barrister Umesh Chandra Bandyopadhyay was elected as the President. The Mahasabha decided to name the proposed national institution 'Indian National Congress'
Answer: Identifying itself as a moderate organisation, the National Congress initially urged the government to pay attention to the problems of Indians through petitions. One of the objectives of the National Congress was to maintain good relations with the British rulers and the British government and seek representation of Indians in the governing body.In 1905, Bipin Chandra Pal opposed the soft-spoken speech of Gopal Krishna Gokhale, President of the Varanasi National Congress. He urged the National Congress to abandon pleas and focus only on indigenous programs and take a tough approach. In 1907 AD, at the Surat session of the Congress held under the chairmanship of Ras Bihari Ghosh, the National Congress split into two camps - one extremist and the other moderate. The extremists included Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Roy and Bipin Chandra Pal. The extremists, led by Arvind Ghosh, maintained the momentum of political nationalism among Indians by relying on issues such as Swaraj, Swadeshi and national education. Until 1916, the extremists stayed away from the main national congress.
