Chapter 1
A.Work in small groups and discuss the following:
1. What forms the identity of a woman in the society?
Ans: In the context of the play Dharam Juddha, the identity of a woman in society is often shaped by traditional beliefs, societal expectations, and patriarchal norms. According to the prevailing orthodox views depicted in the play, a woman’s identity is largely considered to be dependent on her marriage, her role as a daughter, wife, or mother, and her obedience to social customs.
However, through the character of Padma, the play challenges this narrow definition. Padma questions why a woman's identity should be limited to these roles and advocates for a woman’s right to self-respect, independent thinking, and equal status in society. The play suggests that a woman's true identity should come from her education, individuality, and contribution to society, not just her relationship to men.
2. How is marriage related to the identity of a woman?
Ans: In Dharam Juddha, marriage is portrayed as a social institution that heavily influences and, in many ways, defines the identity of a woman in a traditional society. Women are often seen not as individuals with their own identity, but as beings whose value and status are determined by their marital status and the roles they play within marriage—such as wife, daughter-in-law, or mother.
The protagonist Padma questions this mindset. She challenges the idea that a woman’s entire worth and identity should be based on her being married. Through her bold inquiries, the play critiques the deep-rooted patriarchal belief that a woman finds meaning and acceptance in society only after marriage.
The play suggests that such a narrow view of marriage limits a woman’s freedom and ignores her intellectual, emotional, and spiritual potential. It advocates for a broader understanding of a woman’s identity—one that is independent of her marital status.
1. Father cares more for money than for me. Why does Padma say so? Have you ever felt like Padma? Explain.
Ans..Padma says this because she feels emotionally neglected by her father, who seems more focused on earning and saving money than expressing love.
1. Why does Padma say, “Father cares more for money than for me”?
Ans: Padma feels emotionally distant from her father. Though he works hard to provide for the family, she senses that his focus is more on money than on expressing love. She desires affection and emotional bonding, not just material security.
2. Have you ever felt like Padma? Explain.
Ans: Yes, sometimes I feel that elders around me are too focused on responsibilities and forget to emotionally connect. Like Padma, I too believe that love and understanding are more valuable than money.
3. What, according to Padma’s father, is the identity of a woman? Do you agree with him?
Ans: According to Padma’s father, a woman’s identity is given through marriage. He believes that a woman is complete only when she becomes a wife.
Disagreeing with this view is valid because a woman’s identity should be based on her individuality, achievements, and choices — not just her marital status.
4. What question did Padma ask that her mother called senseless? Why?
Ans: Padma asked, “What if one does not get married?” Her mother called it senseless because she held traditional beliefs that every woman must marry. Such questions challenged the very foundation of her thinking, making her uncomfortable.
5. What is the injustice that Padma talked about?
Ans: Padma pointed out the injustice that widows suffer — their life becomes miserable and they are often looked down upon. She questioned why a woman’s fate should be so cruelly tied to her husband’s life.
6. Sketch the character of Padma.
Ans: Padma is intelligent, bold, and inquisitive. She is educated and deeply questions traditional societal norms about women’s roles and identities. She values justice and equality and isn't afraid to challenge her elders, showing great courage and clarity in her thinking.
7. How is Padma’s mother portrayed?
Ans: Padma’s mother represents the image of a typical traditional woman. She believes a woman’s identity lies in being a good wife and mother. She discourages questions and values obedience and conformity over independence and self-expression.
8. Discuss the main idea contained in the text.
Ans: The main idea of Dharam Juddha is the conflict between tradition and modern thinking, especially in the context of women’s identity. It explores how outdated beliefs try to confine women, and how educated women like Padma question and challenge those restrictions.
9. Why is the lesson called “Dharam Juddha”?
Ans: The term “Dharam Juddha” means battle of righteousness or moral duty. In the play, Padma fights a symbolic battle for justice, identity, and equality. It’s a struggle between old beliefs and new awareness, making it a moral war — a Dharam Juddha.
10. “An unmarried man is venerated and called a saint, while an unmarried woman is called immoral and wanton.” Is this justified?
Ans: No, it is not justified. This double standard is deeply rooted in patriarchal thinking. Both men and women should be free to live life on their own terms without facing judgment. Respect should be based on character and actions, not marital status.
