Chapter 1 -
Natural resources
Practice:
1. 1. Write the short answer:
(a) Give any two reasons why the demand for land is increasing day by day.
Answer: a) Population growth (to build houses, to do agriculture)
b) Economic competition (construction of business, industry, etc.)
(b) What do you think is the reason for the density of population in a place? (Write two reasons)
Answer: a) When fertile land suitable for agriculture is available, the surrounding area is densely populated.
b) When mineral resources are available in abundance in a place, the surrounding area becomes densely populated.
(c) Give two causes of land degradation.
Answer: (a) Land degradation affects people and ecosystems across the planet.
b) For the development of industries like brick quarries on agricultural land.
(d) Write down two reasons for the current water crisis in different places.
Answer: (a) For wasting waters without cause.
(b) Due to seasonal decrease in rainfall
2. 2. Mark the correct answer with ☑-
(a) Which of the following helps in water conservation?
(1) Unnecessary opening of water taps, (2) Excessive use of groundwater, (3) Storing of rainwater.
Answer: They stored rainwater.
(b) If clear water is found—
(1) Waste should be disposed of in streams, (2) chemical fertilizers should be added to the water, and (3) water sources should be kept unpolluted.
Answer: Water sources should be kept unpolluted.
(c) Which of the following does not help in energy conservation—
(1) increased use of fossil fuels, (2) better use of unconventional energy, (3) economy of energy resources.
Answer: If the use of fossil fuels is high.
3. 3. Write about the importance and use of land resources. (within about 80 words)
Answer: 29 percent of the Earth's surface is soil. This soil or land is the basis of the living world. Land is the basis of human food, clothing, shelter and fuel. Similarly, the status and development of plants and animals depends on land resources. Our agriculture, industry, industry, transportation and communication systems are based on land. Soil plays the greatest role in human civilization, culture, economy, etc. This land is not infinite, so it is a valuable resource.
In rural areas, land is the livelihood of farmers. They live by farming on this land. For agriculture, many people convert meadows, beaches, pits, pastures, etc. into agricultural land. In doing so, the environmental impact is not considered.
Urban areas have high population growth rates. Increasing population also requires more land. With the increase in population, housing, industry, roads, etc. also expanded. Therefore, the city expanded to nearby agricultural land, wetlands, nearby forests, etc.
Or
It is important to understand not only the potential productive capacity of land but also its potential resilience. Land potential is the ability of land to prevent and restore degradation. This probability is determined by the climatic, soil and geographical conditions of the land.
Land is usually used for agriculture, industry, mineral extraction, afforestation, construction of houses, roads, etc. Land use depends on the location of the site, climate, soil quality, water sources, forests, mineral resources etc. and other natural factors.
4. The What has changed in the land resources where you live? Make a note by asking an elder in the family or a nearby expert.
Answer:
*You can prepare your own list as shown above and offer your own interpretation based on it
5. 5. What role should be played in the use of forest resources and water resources?
Answer: Forest resources include various plants, trees, bamboo, cane, flowers, various animals, birds, etc. It is estimated that 160 species of animals and about 88 species of birds have become extinct in the last 2,000 years. Disasters such as deforestation, erosion, forest fires, tsunamis, landslides, floods etc. have caused significant damage to forest resources.
Two-thirds of the Earth's surface is covered by water. However, the amount of water we can use for our daily activities is very limited. Moreover, 70 per cent of our usable water is not readily available. Therefore, water resources are very valuable. These water resources are mainly used for irrigation, transportation, industry and domestic purposes. Water resources are also required to generate electricity. With population growth, water consumption has also increased. However, the amount of usable water has not increased accordingly ǀ there is also a shortage of water resources due to pollution of water sources. To solve the water problem, we need to focus on water conservation. Activities that cause water pollution must be avoided; No more water should be used than necessary,water reuse should be emphasized and rainwater reuse should be emphasized.
6. 6. What steps should be taken to conserve energy resources?
Answer: Industrial industries, agriculture, transportation, communications, and defense all require energy resources. This energy resource can be divided into two categories. Traditional (coal, crude oil, natural gas, firewood, etc.) and non-traditional (wind, solar, etc.). Since traditional energy sources are exhausted after consumption they can only be conserved for the future if one is frugal in the use of such resources.
Traditional energy resources, on the other hand, have to be created by humans. We cannot acquire any resource easily. Resource acquisition involves factors such as cost, time, labour, technology, etc. Conservation of any resource is not possible without being frugal in its use. Waste of resources must also be prevented to save resources for the future.
7. Typing-
(a) Wildlife, (b) Fossil fuels, (c) Desertification, (d) Solar energy, (e) Landslides
Answer: (a) Wildlife = Wildlife includes animals, birds, plants, reptiles, amphibians, insects, etc. that live in the forest. All wildlife is a natural resource. The presence of wildlife is easily balanced in nature. With the increase in population and human movement, the lives of wildlife in the forests are being threatened. In many places, the government has also taken measures to conserve wildlife. Forests cover less than one-third of the Earth's total land area.
(b) Fossil fuels = Fossil fuels are directly or indirectly related to natural resources. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are fossil fuels. Such fuels cannot be created anew. These are declining rapidly due to the widespread use of fossil fuels. Therefore, we should use fossil fuels a little less. Therefore, it is our duty to conserve these fuels.
(c) Desertification = Desertification is the expansion of deserts or the creation of new deserts for natural or man-made reasons. Repeated application of fertilizers, chemicals, irrigation etc. to the same plot of land for higher yields destroys soil fertility, reduces water retention capacity and lowers groundwater levels. As a result, the area can become dry or desert-like. Deforestation and overgrazing in desert fringes can also contribute to desertification.
(d) Solar energy = The sun is a storehouse of infinite energy. We get the heat and light of the sun every day. This energy from the sun is used to generate electricity with the help of solar cells. This electricity is used to run solar cookers, solar heaters, etc. ǀ Solar cells are used to generate electricity for watches, batteries, electricity in villages without electricity connection, and also used in spacecraft, satellites, etc.
(e) Landslides = Landslides are disasters caused by natural causes and human activities. Landslides are the fall of terrain from high places due to heavy rains, earthquakes, etc. Landslides can also be caused by human cutting or destruction of vegetation in mountainous areas.
8. Notice the difference –
(a) Land use in rural areas and land use in urban areas
Answer: Rural areas = In rural areas, land is the livelihood of farmers. They live by farming on this land. For agriculture, many people convert meadows, beaches, pits, pastures, etc. into agricultural land. This does not take into account the impact on the environment.
Urban areas = Urban areas have high population growth rates. Therefore, the price of his lands is high. Increasing population also requires more land. With the increase in population, housing, industry, roads, etc. also expanded. Therefore, the city expanded to nearby agricultural land, wetlands, nearby forests, etc.
(b) Traditional and non-traditional energy.
Answer: Traditional power = Firewood and other fossil fuels, which have been used for lighting fires since ancient times, are the traditional sources of energy. Fossil fuels include coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Such fuels cannot be created anew. The more people consume this fuel energy, the sooner they will run out.
Unconventional energy = Solar energy, hydropower, wind energy, tidal energy etc. are non-conventional resources. This means that this energy does not run out even if it is used. The level of pollution caused by the use of this energy is low. However, there are some drawbacks to its use.
9. Mention the measures that can be taken to conserve and enhance the forest resources around you.
Answer: Forest resources include various plants, trees, bamboo, cane, flowers, various animals, birds, etc. It is estimated that 160 species of animals and about 88 species of birds have become extinct in the last 2,000 years. Today, it is seen that people are clearing forest areas and developing farms to feed the increasing population. Massive deforestation is causing serious damage to the environment. Instead, tree planting should be encouraged at the individual and community levels. Early elimination of pollutants will facilitate the development of forest resources.
10. 10. What are non-traditional energy resources? Prepare a list of how these are obtained or collected.
Answer: Non-conventional energy resources are: Solar energy, hydropower, wind energy, tidal energy etc. are non-conventional resources.
