Chapter 22 -
Constitution and its requirements
1) Write the short answer-
a) What is the Constitution?
Answer: A country needs certain policies to run smoothly and protect its citizens. These rules and laws necessary for the governance of the state are called the Constitution ǀ
b) What is the process of amending the Constitution?
Answer: The process of changing the Constitution is called the Constitutional Amendment Process ǀ
c) In which year was democracy established in Nepal?
Answer: Nepal became a democracy in 2008 ǀ
d) Name three countries with written constitutions ǀ
Answer: The three countries with written constitutions are India, the United States of America and Switzerland.
2) Kiss typing-
Flexible Constitution, Unwritten Constitution, Separation of Powers
Flexible constitution-
Answer: Some constitutions can be amended by making general laws ǀ such constitutions are called flexible constitutions ǀ such constitutions can be written or unwritten ǀ for example the Constitution of England is an unwritten constitution and can be easily amended ǀ
Unwritten Constitution-
Answer: Unwritten constitutions have no subject matter in writing. Unwritten constitutions are created based on the customs, traditions, heritage, traditions, etc. prevalent at different times ǀ for example, the Constitution of England ǀ
Division of powers-
Answer: The Constitution defines the functions and powers of the various departments of government and ensures which departments exercise what powers. ǀ The powers, functions and control mechanisms of the government are enshrined in the Constitution
3) Choose the correct answer-
(a) Constitution of England Written/Unwritten ǀ
Answer: unwritten
(b) The Constitution of India is rigid/combination of flexible and inflexible ǀ
Answer: flexible
(c) The executive/legislature/judiciary makes the laws of the country ǀ
Answer: The Executive.
4. Explain the types of constitutions and what they are
Answer: Based on the availability of constitutions, they can be divided into two categories namely: written constitutions, unwritten constitutions.
a) Written constitution- Constitutions that are in written form are called written constitutions ǀ such constitutions are clear and specific ǀ they can be known about the date and author ǀ for example, the constitutions of India, United States etc. are written ǀ
b) Unwritten Constitution- Unwritten constitutions have no subject matter in writing ǀ unwritten constitutions are created based on customs, traditions, heritage, traditions etc. prevalent at different times ǀ for example the Constitution of England ǀ
Constitutions can be divided into two categories based on the mechanisms for changing or amending them: flexible constitutions and inflexible constitutions
a) Flexible Constitution- Some constitutions can be amended by enacting general laws ǀ Such constitutions are called flexible constitutions ǀ such constitutions can be written or unwritten ǀ e.g. The Constitution of England is an unwritten constitution and can be easily amended
b) Rigid constitution- Constitutions that require special laws to be amended are called inflexible constitutions ǀ for example, the Constitution of the United States of America ǀ
5) Write the answer-
(a) Two differences between written and unwritten constitutions ǀ
Answer:
(b) Two characteristics of an inflexible constitution ǀ
Answer: 1) The procedure for amending an inflexible constitution is complicated ǀ
২) An inflexible constitution is always in writing
6. 'A democratic state needs a constitution' -discuss with reasoning ǀ
a) A state requires certain rules and regulations to run smoothly and protect its citizens otherwise there is a possibility of anarchy in the state ǀ hence the need for a constitution in a democratic state ǀ
b) In a society or state, certain rights are required for the development of the personality of an individual or citizen ǀ the Constitution of the country grants or recognizes these rights and duties to the citizens and protects them when necessary ǀ
c) The Constitution defines the functions and powers of the various departments of government and ensures which departments exercise what powers. ǀ The powers, functions and control mechanisms of the government are enshrined in the Constitution
d) The people of a democratic country have the opportunity to choose the candidate of their choice in elections held at regular intervals under the provisions of the Constitution ǀ The Constitution also describes the process and procedures of elections in detail
e) There are three organs of government (executive, legislature and judiciary) ǀ the constitution of a democratic country clearly divides the responsibilities and duties between the three organs of government and defines the relationship between them so that there is no conflict between the three organs
7. Place the following countries in the appropriate positions - India, USA, England
Answer:
