Chapter 17 -
Arrival of European traders in India
1. 1. Write a short answer
(a) In which year was the British East India Company founded?
Answer: The British East India Company was founded in
b) Which sailor was the first to discover the waterways to India?
Answer: Vasco da Gama.
(c) Where in India did the Dutch build their first fort?
Answer: Pulicat ǀ
d) To whom did Charles II lease Bombay?
Answer: The English East India Company
e) Who issued the decree to the British East India Company?
Answer: Farukhshiar.
2. 2. Match part A with part B-
Answer:
3. 3. Fill in the blanks-
a) The British East India Company ১৬০০ In AD, Queen Elizabeth I granted royal permission to trade with the Orient.
b) of commercialism The country's economic activities are controlled by the government.
c) In 1661, Charles II Bombay leased to the East India Company.
d) 1715 AD Mughal Emperor Farukhshiar Ordered/permitted the East India Company to do business.
e) East India Company It was the headquarters of the French.
4. The True/false judgment-
a) The Mughal Empire was strong in the 18th century.
Answer: impure
b) The British East India Company was the only European company doing business in India.
Answer: impure
c) Vasco da Gama arrived in Calicut in 1492 AD.
Answer: impure
d) Local industries were in crisis as employees of the British East India Company started their own businesses.
Answer: pure
o) Commercialism encouraged colonialism.
Answer: pure
5. 5. Discuss in groups and prepare notes-
a) Reasons for the arrival of European merchants in India.
Answer: The arrival of Europeans in the history of India is an important event. In Europe, India was known as a country of abundant wealth. Moreover, India had trade relations with the Western world since ancient times. India's spices, textiles, silk, metals, gold, silver, precious stones, etc. were in great demand in the medieval European markets. European merchants arrived in India in search of these goods and traded in them.
b) What is meant by commercialism? What is the relationship between commercialism and colonialism?
Answer: Commercialism refers to the control of business or economic activity by the government.
There is a deep relationship between commercialism and colonialism ǀ as evidenced by the history of Europe. From the 16th to the late 18th century, the economy of Western Europe was dominated by mercantilism. At that time, the major European countries placed the greatest emphasis on foreign trade. He emphasized the prosperity and military security of the country by acquiring gold and silver through smooth and equitable trade. As a result, a situation arose in which all countries focused on exporting goods and were reluctant to import. If no one imports, will it be difficult to export? As a result, trade in Europe frequently led to wars between rival states and encouraged colonial expansion.
From the above discussion, it can be seen that colonialism was born to maintain the market system created by the expansion of commercialism ǀ in the market system created by colonialism, consumers are forced to buy goods from certain sellers.
c) The influence of European merchants on the social and economic life of India.
Answer:
1) The British East India Company started a monopoly on commodities like salt, tobacco, coconut etc. The company's employees also started running their own businesses. As a result, local industries were in crisis.
2) Company employees forced yarn and silk weavers to sell their products at low prices. The company's Indian brokers, the Gomosthas, also forced the artisans to make the goods according to the company's requirements and sell them at very low prices. If they failed to obey their orders, the artisans faced severe punishment. They were not allowed to sell their products to other European merchants who wanted to buy them at higher prices. Therefore, many people gave up their traditional professions. As a result, the Indian cottage industry was gradually on the verge of collapse.
3) After the East India Company authorities acquired the dewani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, they introduced new land revenue systems such as permanent settlements, raitari system, mahaldari system etc. Land rents increased more under the raitwari and mahaldari systems and the rates of rent changed frequently. This system created new classes in society like zamindars, usurious mahajans etc.
4) cash as revenue at a high rate. The strict method of revenue collection forced the peasants to borrow money from the mahajan to pay the taxes. If the loan was not repaid, the farmer's land was confiscated by the company. Thus, indebtedness in rural areas increased and Indian farmers fell below the poverty line.
6. 6. Draw a map of India and establish the trading bases of the Portuguese, Dutch, British and French.
Answer: The students will do it themselves.
7. 7. Prepare a list of Indian cottage industries available in India before the entry of the British.
Answer:
↠ Pottery- The people involved in this industry are called potters. They made vessels, statues of people and gods and goddesses or other objects out of clay.
↠ Metal Industry- This type of industry involved the manufacture of goods from various metals such as iron, brass and brass. Those who make iron objects are called blacksmiths, and those who make brass objects are called blacksmiths.
↠Weaving Industry- This industry is used to make clothes using yarn and silk.
8. 8. The period of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries played a decisive role in the history of India'—explain the meaning of the statement.
Answer: ১৭ The period of the late and early 18th centuries played a decisive role in the history of India ǀ during this period there were two changes in India ǀ a change in the political map of India and a change in the socio-economic aspects ǀ
During this period, various European merchant groups like the Portuguese, Dutch, English and French arrived in India and competed to expand trade in India ǀ the political instability under the Mughal rule in India allowed them to move towards colonialism or empire establishment ǀ At one time, the British East India Company controlled 63% of the territory and 78% of the population in India
The British East India Company sent the raw materials produced in India to England and sold the goods produced there in India ǀ this put the small and cottage industries of India at that time in extreme danger and led to their destruction They introduced the system, Mahaldari system etc. and created classes of people like Mahajans ,Usury Zamindars etc. in the society. With the increase in revenue, the situation of the poor farmers became critical ǀthe farmland,property etc. of those who could not repay the loans were confiscated ǀ
