Chapter 8


Standard Practices for Maintaining Cow Health

Additional questions and answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

  1. What is the primary purpose of establishing livestock?
    ✦ Answer: Protect animal health, increase productivity, and facilitate care.

  2. What should be kept in mind when setting up livestock in a cowshed?
    ✦ Answer: Adequate space, ventilation, lighting, water supply and drainage.

  3. How are cows placed in the tie-up system?
    ✦ Answer: Cows are tied side by side with ropes.

  4. How are livestock kept in Loose Housing?
    ✦ Answer: Cows can roam in the open.

  5. Why is drainage important in cattle houses?
    ✦ Answer: To keep the environment clean and prevent the spread of diseases.

Short Answer Type Questions:

  1. Write down the important aspects when setting up livestock.
    ✦ Answer:

    • Proper site selection : Elevated sites so that water does not accumulate.
    • Adequate Space : There must be the right amount of space for each animal.
    • Ensuring Ventilation : For health protection.
    • Lighting Facilities : Ensure natural and artificial lighting.
    • Food and water facilities : Easy access to food and drinking water.

  2. Why do you need proper livestock placement?
    ✦ Answer:

    • Increases milk production.
    • Makes care easier.
    • Animal health improves.

  3. What problems can occur if the right livestock is not established?
    ✦ Answer:

    • The health of the animals will be destroyed.
    • Production will decrease.
    • The risk of disease spread will increase.

  4. How should water facilities be maintained in the cowshed?
    ✦ Answer:

  • Installation of clean water tanks.
  • Automatic water supply system.
  • Ensure proper drainage of water.

Long Answer Type Questions:

  1. What is the ideal livestock placement method?
    ✦ Answer:
  • Establishment in high and dry places .
  • Separate sleeping area for cows .
  • Ensure ventilation .
  • Improved methods of manure disposal .
  • Determination of special places for milking .
  1. Discuss the advantages of modern livestock establishment methods.
    ✦ Answer:
  • Ensures a healthy environment.
  • Milk production increases.
  • Saves costs and makes care easier.
  • The spread of the disease is low.

Standard Practices for Maintaining Cow Health

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

  1. What is the main purpose of cow health protection?
    ✦ Answer: Increase milk production, prevent disease transmission, and extend the life of cows.

  2. What regular tests should be done to monitor the health of cows?
    ✦ Answer: Body temperature, food intake, weight loss, and symptoms.

  3. What is the main ingredient in the daily diet of cows?
    ✦ Answer: green grass, dry food, minerals, and adequate water.

  4. How is vaccination helpful for cattle?
    ✦ Answer: Vaccination increases immunity against viral and bacterial diseases.

  5. What are the physical care required to maintain cow health?
    ✦ Answer: Regular bathing, manure removal, hoof cutting, and hygiene.

Short Answer Type Questions:

  1. Write down the important ways to maintain the health of cows.
    ✦ Answer:

    • Proper nutrition : Foods that contain essential proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
    • Safe Water Supply : Provide clean and healthy water.
    • Regular vaccination : Protect cows from various diseases.
    • Physical care : Bathing, shaving, and maintaining hygiene.
    • Adequate space and ventilation : Ensure spacious space and good ventilation in the animal house.

  2. Why is regular vaccination necessary for cows?
    ✦ Answer:

    • It increases the immune system.
    • Prevents decrease in milk production.
    • It can protect against epidemics or infectious diseases.

  3. What is the role of diet on cow health?
    ✦ Answer:

    • Good feed increases the physical strength of the cow.
    • It increases the immune system against diseases.
    • Milk production is higher.

  4. What should be kept in mind during cow health check-ups?
    ✦ Answer:

    • Body temperature
    • decrease or increase in importance
    • The amount of food intake
    • breathing patterns
    • Quantity of milk production

  5. What is the importance of cow hygiene?
    ✦ Answer:

  • Prevents the spread of disease.
  • Maintains the quality of milk production.
  • Cows feel more comfortable.

Long Answer Type Questions:

  1. Describe the standard methods of maintaining cow health.
    ✦ Answer:
  • Proper feeding system : A combined diet of green grass, dry grass, and minerals for cows.
  • Regular cleaning : Cleaning cow bodies, pens, water tanks.
  • Ventilation and lighting : Ensure adequate lighting and ventilation in the animal house.
  • Vaccinations and check-ups : Vaccinations and health check-ups at different times of the year.
  • Regular exercise and movement : Facilities to allow cows to move freely.
  1. What are the modern methods of cow health protection?
    ✦ Answer:
  • Automatic drinking system
  • Improved methods of sludge disposal
  • Health monitoring using technology
  • Lighting and ventilation control using solar energy

Safety measures and manure disposal for farm workers

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

  1. What is the primary objective of farm worker safety?
    ✦ Answer: worker physical safety, accident prevention, and health preservation.

  2. What kind of equipment is needed for the safety of workers?
    ✦ Answer: gloves, boots, masks, aprons, and goggles.

  3. What are the main types of manure disposal?
    ✦ Answer: 3 types – (i) Manual Removal, (ii) Mechanical Removal, and (iii) Biogas Conversion.

  4. Why is proper manure disposal necessary?
    ✦ Answer: To keep the environment clean, to prevent odor and disease infection.

  5. What are the benefits of using manure?
    ✦ Answer: Use as organic fertilizer, biogas production, and increase soil fertility in farmland.

Short Answer Type Questions:

  1. What aspects should be kept in mind for the safety of farm workers?
    ✦ Answer:

    • Regular health check-ups
    • Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
    • Provide proper training
    • distress signals and warnings
    • Provide necessary medical services

  2. What are the modern methods of manure disposal?
    ✦ Answer:

    • Mechanical Extraction (Automatic Scraper System) .
    • Manure Treatment Plant (Dung Processing Unit)
    • Biogas plants
    • Composting .

  3. What are the problems that can occur if manure is not disposed of properly?
    ✦ Answer:

    • Environmental pollution
    • Increased odor
    • spread of disease-bacteria
    • Increase in fish-meal (Insect Infestation).

  4. What are the benefits of biogas plants?
    ✦ Answer:

    • Energy generation using manure.
    • Eco-friendly.
    • Prepares organic fertilizers for fertile soils.

  5. What kind of site is appropriate for manure disposal?
    ✦ Answer:

  • Away from the animal house
  • Having a safe drainage system
  • Protected from rainwater
  • with facilities for reuse

Long Answer Type Questions:

  1. What measures should be taken for the safety of farm workers?
    ✦ Answer:
  • Regular health check-ups: Full monitoring of the health of workers.
  • Protective clothing: gloves, mask, boots, and apron.
  • DANGER SIGNALS: Mark dangerous areas.
  • First Aid Kit: A first aid kit for any accident.
  • Proper training: Train workers in the use of machinery and disease-safety procedures.
  1. Describe improved and environmentally friendly methods of manure disposal.
    ✦ Answer:

  • Biogas production: Manure is treated to produce gas.
  • Composting: turning manure into organic fertilizer.
  • Mechanical Disposal: Automated systems for conveying sludge.
  • Drainage: Clean and use urine or water mixed with manure.