Chapter 4
Climate
1. 1. Choose the correct answer from the options below
(i) What causes rainfall in the Tamil Nadu coast in winter?
(a) South West Monsoon.
(b) North East Monsoon.
(c) Stratospheric cyclones.
(d) Local wind currents.
Answer: (a) South West Monsoon.
(ii) What proportion of places in India receive less than 75 cm of rainfall per annum?
Ans:
Answer: (c) In 1/3 part.
(iii) Which of the following does not apply to South India?
(a) The daily range of heating is low here.
(b) The annual range of temperature is low.
(c) Temperatures remain high throughout the year.
(d) It has an extremely sensitive climate.
Answer: (d) It has an extremely sensitive climate .
(iv) Which of the following occurs when the Sun is straight above the equator in the Southern Hemisphere?
(a) High pressure is formed in northwestern India due to heating.
(b) Low pressure is formed in northwestern India due to increased temperature.
(c) There is no change in temperature and pressure in northwestern India.
(d) Lu winds blow in northwestern India.
Answer: (b) Low pressure is formed in northwestern India due to increased temperature.
(v) According to Copenhagen's climate classification, which state of India has an 'As' climate?
(a) On the coasts of Kerala and Karnataka
(b) In the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(c) On the Karamandala coast.
(d) In Assam and Arunachal Pradesh.
Answer: (c) On the Karamandal coast.
2. 2. Answer the following questions in 30 words.
(i) What are the three major factors affecting the weather in India?
Answer: The three main factors that affect the weather in India are:
(1) The weather in India is affected by air pressure and winds at the surface.
(2) by jet streams and upper-level airflows.
(3) Western cyclonic instability and tropical cyclones.
(ii) What is the Intertropical Collected Zone (ITCZ)?
Answer: The intertropical zone is a region of low pressure. This zone is located just above the equator. The area flows from the north and south sides of the equator. As a result, the air rises.
(iii) What does bursting of monsoon mean? Name the places in India that receive the most rainfall?
Answer: The climate of India is monsoon.
The places with the highest rainfall in India are Cherrapunji and Mouchinaram in Meghalaya. The place receives 1000 cm of rainfall.
(iv) What is a climatic zone? What is Kopen’s classification based on?
Answer: There are areas on the surface of the climate where there is considerable similarity between the various climatic factors. Such areas are called climatic zones.
Köppen's climate classification is based on heat and rainfall. Based on this, he selected 5 climate precursors. They are mentioned below:
(1) Tropical climate
(2) Dry climate
(3) Slightly warmer stratospheric climate
(4) Cool isotropic climate
(5) Cool
(v) Which type of cyclone causes rainfall in northwest India in winter? Where do the cyclones begin?
Answer : In winter, rainfall is caused by the western turbulent cyclone in northwestern India. These cyclones originate in the Mediterranean region and are carried to India by the western jet stream .
3. 3. Answer the following questions in 125 words.
(i) Despite the broad climate similarities, there are many regional differences in the climate of India. Expand on this statement with appropriate examples.
Answer:
(ii) According to the Meteorological Department of India, how many seasons are distinct in India? Write in detail about the weather conditions associated with any of these seasons.
Answer: According to the Meteorological Department of India, there are four distinct seasons in India. They are -
(1) Winter (Cold weather season)
(2) Summer (Hot weather season)
(3) Southwest monsoon season
(4) Retreating monsoon season
Along with the above four seasons, these four seasons have a significant contribution to the life and economy of India. The contribution of the southwest monsoon winds during these four seasons has a special impact on people's lives and economy.
Southwest Monsoon: The sudden onset of the monsoon is when the southwest monsoon winds carry large amounts of water vapor and cause rain with thunder and lightning. The winds carrying this water vapor enter India in two parts. Those sections are:
(a) Branch through the Arabian Sea.
(b) Branch through the Bay of Bengal.
(a) The monsoon winds from the Arabian Sea enter India in three parts - one part is blocked by the Western Ghats. As a result, this wind cools upwards along the mountain slopes and begins to rain on the incoming slopes.
Another part of it hits the coast of Mumbai, enters the country through the valleys of the Narmada and Tapti rivers and causes widespread rains in central India.
The third branch of this strikes the Saurashtra Peninsula and Kachchh. Then it passes over western Rajasthan and intercepts the Arvali Mountains, giving light rains.
(b) The monsoon winds from the Bay of Bengal first hit the coasts of southeastern Bangladesh and Myanmar. The Arakan Mountains off the coast of Myanmar divert a large portion of the monsoon winds towards the Indian subcontinent. As a result, instead of coming from the south-west, the winds enter West Bengal and Bangladesh from the south and southeast. The cyclone splits into two parts under the influence of the Himalayas and the low pressure in the northeast. Part of it moves westwards along the Ganges Plain to the Punjab Plain. The other branch moves northeast through the Brahmaputra Valley and gives rainfall over large areas.
