Unit 5
The Lymphatic System
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BUY PDFQ1.Define the lymphatic system. Explain the structure, functions, and working mechanism of the lymphatic system in detail.
Answer :
Definition
The lymphatic system is a network of organs, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and tissues that transport lymph fluid back into the bloodstream. It is an important part of the immune system and helps protect the body from infections.
Components of the Lymphatic System
]• Lymph
• Lymphatic vessels
• Lymphatic capillaries
• Lymph nodes
• Spleen
• Thymus gland
• Tonsils
• Bone marrow
Functions of the Lymphatic System
• Maintains fluid balance in the body
• Absorbs fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the intestine
• Protects the body against infections
• Produces lymphocytes and immune cells
• Removes waste products and toxins
• Returns excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream
Working of the Lymphatic System
• Plasma leaks out from blood capillaries into body tissues
• Tissues absorb oxygen and nutrients from the fluid
• Most fluid returns to blood capillaries
• Remaining fluid is collected by lymphatic capillaries
• This fluid is called lymph
• Lymph moves through lymphatic vessels
• Lymph nodes filter harmful microorganisms
• Lymph enters the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
• Lymph finally returns to the bloodstream through subclavian veins
Lymph
Definition : Lymph is a colorless fluid found in lymphatic vessels.
Composition:
• Water
• Proteins
• Salts
• White blood cells
• Fats
Lymph Nodes
Functions
• Filter lymph
• Destroy bacteria and viruses
• Produce lymphocytes
• Help in body defense
Spleen
Functions
• Destroys old red blood cells
• Stores blood
• Helps in immunity
Thymus Gland
Functions:
• Produces T-lymphocytes
• Helps in development of immunity
Tonsils
Functions : Protect against infections entering through mouth and nose
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