Chapter 1
 THE PORTRAIT OF A LADY 

      

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TEXTBOOK EXERCISES
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT

Mention

1. The three phrases of the author’s relationship with his grandmother before he left the country to study abroad ?

 āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļāϤ āĻĒāĻĸ়িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĻেāĻļ āĻā§°ি āϝোā§ąাā§° āφāĻ—āϤে āφāχāϤাā§° āϏৈāϤে āϞেāĻ–āϕ⧰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āϕ⧰ āϤিāύিāϟা āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝাংāĻļ?

Answer:-  The first phase of the author’s relationship with his grandmother started when he was still a child. She used to tell him of the games she used to play as a child. “That seemed quite absurd”. The children treated them like the fables of the prophets she used to tell them.
                       The second phase of this relationship began when the narrator started going to school. His parents left him with her and they went to live in the city. They were constantly together. She used to wake him up in the morning and get him ready for school. Then she would fetch his wooden slate, a tiny earthen inkpot and a red pen. She would give him a breakfast of a thick, slate chapatti. Then they went to school. She carried several chapattis for the village dogs. The school was attached to the temple. She would sit in the temple and he in the school.
                        The third phase of their relationship began when the narrator’s parents sent for them in the city. That was a turning-point in their friendship. He used to go to an English school in a motor bus. As the years rolled by they saw less of each other. She didn’t like the English school. There was no teaching about God and scriptures in the English school. She hated western science and music. When he went up to university, he was given a room of his own. The common link of their friendship was snapped. His grandmother accepted her seclusion with resignation.


āφāχāϤাā§° āϏৈāϤে āϞেāĻ–āϕ⧰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āϕ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒā§°্āϝাāϝ়āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϏ⧰ু āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āϤাāĻ• āϏ⧰ুāϤে āĻ–েāϞা āĻ–েāϞāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻ•ৈāĻ›িāϞ। "āĻāχāϟো āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাā§°ে āĻ…āϝৌāĻ•্āϤিāĻ• āϝেāύ āϞাāĻ—িāĻ›িāϞ"। āϞ'ā§°া āĻ›োā§ąাāϞীāĻŦোā§°ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•āĻ• āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤāĻŦāĻ•্āϤাāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻ•াāĻšিāύীā§° āĻĻā§°ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ āϝিāĻŦোā§° āϤাāχ āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•āĻ• āĻ•ৈāĻ›িāϞ।
                       āĻāχ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āϕ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ় āĻĒā§°্āϝাāϝ়āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ•āĻĨāĻ•āϜāύে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϞৈ āϝাāĻŦāϞৈ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻŽাāĻ• āĻĻেāωāϤাāĻ•ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āϤাāχ⧰ āĻ“āϚ⧰āϤ āĻā§°ি āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āϚāĻšā§°āĻ–āύāϤ āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ• āύিā§°āύ্āϤ⧰ āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āϤাāĻ• ā§°াāϤিāĻĒুā§ąা āϜāĻ—াāχ āϤুāϞিāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āϤাāĻ• āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏাāϜু āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āϤাāχ āϤাā§° āĻ•াāĻ ā§° āĻļ্āϞেāϟ, āĻāϟা āϏ⧰ু āĻŽাāϟিā§° āχংāĻ•āĻĒāϟ āφ⧰ু āĻāϟা ā§°āĻ™া āĻ•āϞāĻŽ āφāύিāĻŦ। āϤাāχ āϤাāĻ• āĻāϟা āĻĄাāĻ , āĻļ্āϞেāϟ āϚাāĻĒāϟ্āϟিā§° ā§°াāϤিāĻĒুā§ąাā§° āφāĻšাā§° āĻĻিāĻŦ। āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ• āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āĻ—াāĻ“ঁā§° āĻ•ুāĻ•ুā§°āĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•েāχāĻŦাāϟাāĻ“ āϚাāĻĒā§°ি āĻ•āĻĸ়িāϝ়াāχ āϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ। āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āĻ–āύ āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে āϏংāϞāĻ—্āύ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিā§°āϤ āĻŦāĻšিāĻŦ āφ⧰ু āϏি āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϤ।

      āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āϕ⧰ āϤৃāϤীāϝ় āĻĒā§°্āϝাāϝ়āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ•āĻĨāϕ⧰ āĻĒিāϤৃ-āĻŽাāϤৃāϝ়ে āϚāĻšā§°āĻ–āύāϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒāĻ িāϝ়াāχāĻ›িāϞ। āϏেāχāϟো āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦāύ্āϧুāϤ্āĻŦā§° āĻāĻ• āϟাā§°্āĻŖিং āĻĒāχāĻŖ্āϟ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŽāϟ⧰ āĻŦাāĻ›āϤ āχংā§°াāϜী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ। āĻŦāϛ⧰āĻŦোā§° āϘূā§°ি āĻ…āĻšাā§° āϞāĻ—ে āϞāĻ—ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āχāϜāύে āϏিāϜāύāĻ• āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĻেāĻ–িāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āχংā§°াāϜী āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāĻ–āύ āĻ­াāϞ āύাāĻĒাāϞে। āχংā§°াāϜী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϤ āψāĻļ্āĻŦā§° āφ⧰ু āĻļাāϏ্āϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻ•োāύো āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āύাāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āĻĒāĻļ্āϚিāĻŽীāϝ়া āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ āφ⧰ু āϏংāĻ—ীāϤāĻ• āϘৃāĻŖা āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ, āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āύিāϜ⧰ āĻāϟা āĻ•োāĻ া āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦāύ্āϧুāϤ্āĻŦā§° āωāĻŽৈāĻšāϤীāϝ়া āϏংāϝোāĻ—āϟো āĻ›িāĻ™ি āĻĒেāϞোā§ąা āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āφāχāϤাāχ āĻĒāĻĻāϤ্āϝাāĻ—ā§° āϏৈāϤে āϤাāχ⧰ āĻāĻ•াāύ্āϤāϤা āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•াā§° āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।
               


2. Three reasons why the author’s grandmother was disturbed when he started going to the city school ?

āϞেāĻ–āϕ⧰ āφāχāϤাāχ āϚāĻšā§°ā§° āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϞৈ āϝাāĻŦāϞৈ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āϕ⧰াā§° āϤিāύিāϟা āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ?

Answer:-  When the narrator’s parents settled in the city, they sent for them. That was a turning-point in their friendship. They still lived in the same room. But the old lady was now quite disturbed. The narrator used to go to an English school in a motor bus. She couldn’t accompany him to the school as she used to do in the village. In the village she used to stay in the temple that was attached to the school.
                       In the city there was no dogs in the streets. The grandmother felt quite disturbed. She couldn’t throw chapattis to them now. The old lady took to feeding sparrows in the courtyard of their city house. As the years rolled by, the narrator and the grandmother saw less of each other.
                    The most disturbing factor for the grandmother was the English school where he used to study. She didn’t understand English words. Nor could she help him in his studies. She knew nothing about western science and learning. She did not believe in the topics  they taught at the English school. She was distressed that there was no teaching about God and the scriptures. She was disturbed when she came to know that they taught music at the school. She hated music. She considered it fit only for harlots and beggars. It was not meant for gentle folks.



āĻ•āĻĨāϕ⧰ āĻĒিāϤৃ-āĻŽাāϤৃāϝ়ে āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϚāĻšā§°āϤ āĻŦāϏāϤি āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰িāϞে, āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•āĻ• āĻŽাāϤি āĻĒāĻ িāϝ়াāχ āĻĻিāϞে। āϏেāχāϟো āφāĻ›িāϞ āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦāύ্āϧুāϤ্āĻŦā§° āĻāϟা āϟাā§°্āύিং āĻĒāχāĻŖ্āϟ। āϤেāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“ āϏিāĻšঁāϤ āĻāĻ•েāϟা āĻ•োāĻ াāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŦুāĻĸ়ীāϜāύী āĻāϤিāϝ়া āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻŦিāϚāϞিāϤ āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāϞ। āĻ•āĻĨāĻ•āϜāύে āĻŽāϟ⧰ āĻŦাāĻ›āϤ āωāĻ ি āχংā§°াāϜী āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ āĻāĻ–āύāϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ। āĻ—াঁā§ąāϤ āφāĻ—ā§° āĻĻā§°ে āϤাāχ āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāϞৈ āϞāĻ—āϤ āϝাāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°িāϞে৷ āĻ—াঁā§ąāϤ āϤাāχ āφāĻ—āϤে āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āϏংāϞāĻ—্āύ āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিā§°āϤ āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻ›িāϞ।
                     
  āϚāĻšā§°āϤ ā§°াāϜāĻĒāĻĨāϤ āĻ•ুāĻ•ুā§° āύাāĻ›িāϞ। āφāχāϤাāχ āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻŦিāϚāϞিāϤ āĻ…āύুāĻ­ā§ą āϕ⧰িāϞে। āϤাāχ āĻāϤিāϝ়া āϏিāĻšঁāϤāĻ• āϚাāĻĒāϟ্āϟী āĻĒেāϞাāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āύাāĻ›িāϞ৷ āĻŦুāĻĸ়ীāϝ়ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϚāĻšā§°ā§° āϘ⧰⧰ āϚোāϤাāϞāϤ āϚ⧰াāχāĻ• āĻ–ুā§ąাāĻŦāϞৈ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āϕ⧰িāϞে। āĻŦāϛ⧰āĻŦোā§° āĻĒাā§° āĻšৈ āϝোā§ąাā§° āϞāĻ—ে āϞāĻ—ে āĻ•āĻĨāĻ• āφ⧰ু āφāχāϤাāχ āχāϜāύে āϏিāϜāύāĻ• āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻĒাāϞে।
                   
 āφāχāϤাāϕ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āφāĻŽāύিāĻĻাāϝ়āĻ• āĻ•াā§°āĻ•āϟো āφāĻ›িāϞ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻĒāĻĸ়া āχংā§°াāϜী āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāĻ–āύ। āϤাāχ āχংā§°াāϜী āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦুāϜি āĻĒোā§ąা āύাāĻ›িāϞ। āύāϤুāĻŦা āϤাāχ āϤাāĻ• āĻĒāĻĸ়া-āĻļুāύাāϤ āϏāĻšাāϝ় āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°িāϞে। āĻĒāĻļ্āϚিāĻŽীāϝ়া āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ āφ⧰ু āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āϤাāχ āĻāĻ•ো āύাāϜাāύিāĻ›িāϞ। āχংā§°াāϜী āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻĒāĻĸ়োā§ąা āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻŦোā§°āϤ āϤাāχ⧰ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āύাāĻ›িāϞ। āψāĻļ্āĻŦā§° āφ⧰ু āĻļাāϏ্āϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻ•োāύো āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āύাāχ āĻŦুāϞি āϤাāχ āĻĻুāĻ– āĻĒাāχāĻ›িāϞ। āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāϤ āϏিāĻšঁāϤে āϏংāĻ—ীāϤ āĻĒāĻĸ়োā§ąা āĻŦুāϞি āĻ—āĻŽ āĻĒাāχ āϤাāχ āĻŦিāϚāϞিāϤ āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāϞ। āϤাāχ āϏংāĻ—ীāϤāĻ• āϘৃāĻŖা āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āχāϝ়াāĻ• āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻŦেāĻļ্āϝা āφ⧰ু āĻ­িāĻ•্āώাā§°ীāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻŦুāϞি āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āĻ•োāĻŽāϞ āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āχāϝ়াā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āύাāĻ›িāϞ।


3. Three ways in which the author’s grandmother spent her days after he grew up ?
Answer:- The intimacy between the narrator and his grandmother was  snapped when they were sent for in the city. As the years rolled by, they saw less of each other. When the  narrator grew up, he went up to university. He was given a room of his own. The common link of friendship was snapped. The grandmother accepted it as her fate.
                  The grandmother soon found out new ways of spending her time. She now spent most of her time at the spinning-wheel. She rarely left her spinning-wheel to talk to anyone. From sunrise to sunset she sat by the spinning-wheel. While spinning, she continued reciting prayers. She relaxed only in the afternoon to feed the sparrows.
                       The third way in which the old lady spent her time, was her feeding the sparrows. She would sit in the verandah. She would break the bread into little bits. Hundreds of little birds collected around her. They created a ‘bedlam of chirrupings’. They came and perched on her legs and shoulders. Some even sat on her head. She smiled but never shooed them away. Feeding the sparrows used to be the happiest hour of the day for her.


4. The odd ways in which the author’s grandmother behaved just before she died ?

Answer:- After five years the narrator came back home. He found the grandmother at the station. She didn’t utter any words but clasped him in her arms. He could hear her reciting her prayers. But in the evening a change came over her. Her behaviour was quite odd. She didn’t pray. She collected the women of the neighbourhood. She got an old drum and started singing. For several hours she thumped the drum. She sang of the homecoming of warriors. She was very much excited. They had to persuade her to stop to avoid over straining. That was the first time that she did not pray.
                        The next morning she was taken ill. It was a mild fever. But the grand old lady declared that her end was near. She was not going to waste any more time talking to  them. She continued praying. They protested but she ignored their protests. She lay peacefully in bed praying and telling her beads. Her lips stopped moving. The rosary fell from her lifeless fingers. Her face turned pale. They knew she was dead. They lifted her off the bed and covered her with a shroud.
                        The grandmother behaved quite strangely just before she died. She was quite excited at the homecoming of her grandson. She tired herself and fell ill. She died while praying and telling her beads.

āĻĒাঁāϚ āĻŦāϛ⧰⧰ āĻĒাāĻ›āϤ āĻ•āĻĨāĻ•āϜāύ āϘ⧰āϞৈ āωāĻ­āϤি āφāĻšিāϞ। āώ্āϟেāϚāύāϤ āφāχāϤাāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦিāϚাā§°ি āĻĒাāϞে। āϤাāχ āĻāĻ•ো āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āύāĻ•’āϞে āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āϤাāĻ• āĻ•োāϞাāϤ āĻ–াāĻŽুāϚি āϧ⧰িāϞে। āϤাāχ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°াā§°্āĻĨāύা āφāĻŦৃāϤ্āϤি āĻļুāύিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻ›িāϞ। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϏāύ্āϧিāϝ়া āϤাāχ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻāϟা āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āφāĻšিāϞ। āϤাāχ⧰ āφāϚ⧰āĻŖ āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻ…āĻĻ্āĻ­ুāϤ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āĻĒ্ā§°াā§°্āĻĨāύা āϕ⧰া āύাāĻ›িāϞ। āϚুāĻŦুā§°ীā§° āĻŽāĻšিāϞাāϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āϤাāχ āĻ—োāϟাāχ āϞৈāĻ›িāϞ। āĻĒুā§°āĻŖি āĻĸোāϞ āĻāϟা āϞৈ āϤাāχ āĻ—াāύ āĻ—াāĻŦāϞৈ āϧ⧰িāϞে। āĻ•েāχāĻŦা āϘāĻŖ্āϟা āϧ⧰ি āϤাāχ āĻĸোāϞāϟো āĻŽাā§°িāϞে। āϤাāχ āϝোāĻĻ্āϧাā§° āϘ⧰āϞৈ āωāĻ­āϤি āĻ…āĻšাā§° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ—াāχāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āĻŦā§° āωāϤ্āϤেāϜিāϤ āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻ›িāϞ। āĻ…āĻ­াā§° āώ্āϟ্ā§°েāχāύিং āύāĻš’āĻŦāϞৈ āϤাāχāĻ• ā§°ৈ āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŽাāύ্āϤি āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞāĻ—ীāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। āϏেāχ āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤে āϤাāχ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽāĻŦাā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āύাāĻŽাāϜ āύিāĻĻিāϞে।
                        
āĻĒিāĻ›āĻĻিāύা ā§°াāϤিāĻĒুā§ąা āϤাāχāĻ• āĻ…āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āϕ⧰ি āϞৈ āϝোā§ąা āĻš’āϞ। āĻŽৃāĻĻু āϜ্āĻŦā§° āφāĻ›িāϞ। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ—্ā§°েāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻŦুāĻĸ়ীāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ীāϝ়ে āϘোāώāĻŖা āϕ⧰িāϞে āϝে āϤাāχ⧰ āĻ…āύ্āϤ āĻ“āϚ⧰ āϚাāĻĒিāĻ›ে। āϏিāĻšঁāϤ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻĒাāϤি āϤাāχ āφ⧰ু āϏāĻŽāϝ় āύāώ্āϟ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āϝোā§ąা āύাāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āĻĒ্ā§°াā§°্āĻĨāύা āϕ⧰ি āĻĨাāĻ•িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻŦাāĻĻ āϕ⧰িāϞে āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āϤাāχ āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻŦাāĻĻāĻ• āφāĻ“āĻ•াāĻŖ āϕ⧰িāϞে। āϤাāχ āĻļাāύ্āϤিā§°ে āĻŦিāϚāύাāϤ āĻĒā§°ি āĻĒ্ā§°াā§°্āĻĨāύা āϕ⧰ি āϤাāχ⧰ āĻ—ুāϟিāĻŦোā§° āĻ•’āϞে। āϤাāχ⧰ āĻ“ঁāĻ  āĻĻুāϟা āϞ⧰āϚ⧰ āϕ⧰া āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻšৈ āĻ—’āϞ। āϤাāχ⧰ āύিā§°্āϜীā§ą āφāĻ™ুāϞিā§° āĻĒā§°া ā§°োāϜাā§°ীāĻ–āύ āϏ⧰ি āĻĒā§°িāϞ। āϤাāχ⧰ āĻŽুāĻ–āĻ–āύ āĻļেঁāϤা āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāϞ। āϏিāĻšঁāϤে āϜাāύিāĻ›িāϞ āϤাāχ āĻŽā§°ি āĻ—ৈāĻ›ে। āϤাāχāĻ• āĻŦিāϚāύাā§° āĻĒā§°া āϤুāϞি āĻ•āĻĢāύেā§°ে āĻĸাāĻ•ি āĻĻিāϞে।
                      
  āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুā§° āĻ িāĻ• āφāĻ—āϤে āφāχāϤাāχ āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻ…āĻĻ্āĻ­ুāϤ āφāϚ⧰āĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āύাāϤিā§° āϘ⧰āϞৈ āωāĻ­āϤি āĻ…āĻšাāϤ āϤাāχ āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏাāĻšিāϤ āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āύিāϜāĻ•ে āĻ­াāĻ—ā§°ুā§ąা āĻšৈ āĻ…āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāϞ। āĻĒ্ā§°াā§°্āĻĨāύা āϕ⧰ি āϤাāχ⧰ āĻ—ুāϟিāĻŦোā§° āĻ•āĻ“ঁāϤে āϤাāχ⧰ āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻš’āϞ।


5. The ways in which the sparrows expressed their sorrow when the author’s grandmother died?
Answer:- The grandmother took to feeding sparrows in the city as she used to feed dogs in the village. Hundreds of little birds collected around her. Some of them perched on her head and legs. Feeding the sparrows was ‘the happiest half-hour of the day for her’. The sparrows and the old lady had developed an intimate companionship. When the grandmother died the sparrows expressed their sorrow in a unique and moving manner. 
                  The grandmother lay  dead on the floor wrapped in the red shroud. Thousands of sparrows sat scattered on the floor. There was no chirruping. They felt sorry for the birds. The narrator’s mother fetched some bread for them. She broke he bread into little crumbs. She threw the crumbs to the sparrows as the grandmother used to do. The sparrows took no notice of the bread. When they carried the grandmother’s corpse off they flew away quietly. Next morning the sweeper swept the bread crumbs into the dustbin.
                    The sparrows paid their silent tribute to the grand old lady. They mourned her death like human beings. They didn’t even touch the bread crumbs thrown to them.

āĻ—াঁā§ąāϤ āĻ•ুāĻ•ুā§°āĻ• āĻ–ুā§ąাāχ āĻĻিāϝ়াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦেāχ āφāχāϤাāχ āϚāĻšā§°āϤ āϚ⧰াāχāĻ• āĻ–ুā§ąাāĻŦāϞৈ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āϕ⧰িāϞে। āϤাāχ⧰ āϚাā§°িāĻ“āĻĢাāϞে āĻļ āĻļ āϏ⧰ু āϏ⧰ু āϚ⧰াāχ āϜāĻŽা āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāϞ। āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āϤাāχ⧰ āĻŽূā§° āφ⧰ু āĻ­ā§°িā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻŦāĻšিāϞ। āϚ⧰াāχāĻŦোā§°āĻ• āĻ–ুā§ąাāχ āĻĻিāϝ়াāϟো āφāĻ›িāϞ ‘āϤাāχ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĻিāύāϟোā§° āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āϏুāĻ–ā§° āφāϧা āϘāĻŖ্āϟা’। āϚ⧰াāχ āφ⧰ু āĻŦুāĻĸ়ীāϜāύীā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻāĻ• āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰ংāĻ— āϏংāĻ— āĻ—āĻĸ়ি āωāĻ িāĻ›িāϞ। āφāχāϤাāϕ⧰ āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āϚ⧰াāχāĻŦোā§°ে āύিāϜ⧰ āĻĻুāĻ– āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ•াāĻļ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ āĻāĻ• āĻ…āύāύ্āϝ āφ⧰ু āĻŽāύ āϚুāχ āϝোā§ąা āϧ⧰āĻŖেā§°ে। 
                 
 āφāχāϤাāĻ• ā§°āĻ™া āĻ•āĻĢāύāϤ āĻŽেā§°িāϝ়াāχ āĻŽāϜিāϝ়াāϤ āĻŽৃāϤ āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨাāϤ āĻĒā§°ি āφāĻ›িāϞ। āĻšাāϜাā§° āĻšাāϜাā§° āϚ⧰াāχ āĻŽāϜিāϝ়াāϤ āϏিঁāϚ⧰āϤি āĻšৈ āĻŦāĻšি āφāĻ›িāϞ। āĻ•োāύো āϚিā§°-āϚিā§°িāĻ•āϟিā§° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āύাāĻ›িāϞ। āϚ⧰াāχāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻĻুāĻ– āϞাāĻ—িāϞ। āĻ•āĻĨāϕ⧰ āĻŽাāĻ•ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে ā§°ুāϟি āĻ•িāĻ›ু āφāύি āĻĻিāϞে। āϤাāχ āϤাā§° ā§°ুāϟি āϏ⧰ু āϏ⧰ু āϟুāĻ•ুā§°া āϕ⧰ি āĻ­াāĻ™ি āĻĒেāϞাāϞে। āφāχāϤাāχ āφāĻ—āϤে āϕ⧰া āϧ⧰āĻŖে āϤাāχ āĻ•ুāϟিāϞ āϟুāĻ•ুā§°াāĻŦোā§° āϚ⧰াāχāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻ“āϚ⧰āϞৈ āĻĻāϞিāϝ়াāχ āĻĻিāϞে। āϚ⧰াāχāĻŦোā§°ে ā§°ুāϟিāĻ–āύ⧰ āĻ•োāύো āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦ āύিāĻĻিāϞে। āφāχāϤাāϕ⧰ āĻŽৃāϤāĻĻেāĻšāϟো āĻ•āĻĸ়িāϝ়াāχ āύিāϞে āϏিāĻšঁāϤে āĻŽāύে āĻŽāύে āω⧰ি āĻ—’āϞ। āĻĒিāĻ›āĻĻিāύা ā§°াāϤিāĻĒুā§ąা āĻ›ুāχāĻĒাā§°ে ā§°ুāϟিā§° āϟুāĻ•ুā§°াāĻŦোā§° āĻĄাāώ্āϟāĻŦিāύāϤ āĻাāĻĄ়ু āĻĻিāϞে।
                  
  āϚ⧰াāχāĻŦোā§°ে āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧাāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ীāĻ• āĻŽৌāύ āĻļ্ā§°āĻĻ্āϧাāĻž্āϜāϞি āϜāύাāϝ়। āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻĻā§°ে āϤাāχ⧰ āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝুāϤ āĻļোāĻ• āϕ⧰িāϞে। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻ“āϚ⧰āϞৈ āĻĻāϞিāϝ়াāχ āĻĻিāϝ়া ā§°ুāϟিā§° āϟুāĻ•ুā§°াāĻŦোā§°ো āϚুāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āύাāĻ›িāϞ৷


TALKING ABOUT THE TEXT

1. The author’s grandmother was a religious person. What are the different ways in which we come to know this?

 āϞেāĻ–āϕ⧰ āφāχāϤা āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āϧ⧰্āĻŽীāϝ় āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āφāĻ›িāϞ। āφāĻŽি āĻāχāϟো āϜাāύিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āωāĻĒাāϝ়āĻŦোā§° āĻ•ি?
Answer:- The author’s grandmother was a highly religious lady. Her one hand was always busy in telling the beads of her rosary. Her lips constantly moved in an inaudible prayer. She used to get up early in the morning. She said her morning prayer in ‘a monotonous sing-song’. The grandmother always went to school with the narrator because the school was attached to the temple. The grandmother would sit in the temple reading the scriptures.
                The old lady was quite conservative. She didn’t like the new English school in the city. She was unhappy because there was no teaching about God and the scriptures at the city school. She felt quite disturbed at this aspect of education. They gave music lessons at the English school. She considered music fit only for harlots and beggars. It was not meant for gentlefolks.
                 The only time when she didn’t pray was the day when the narrator returned from abroad. It was quite an odd thing for her. But she more than compensated for this lapse. When she realised that her end was near, she stopped talking. She lay peacefully in bed praying and telling her beads. Her lips stopped moving. The rosary fell from her lifeless fingers.

āϞেāĻ–āϕ⧰ āφāχāϤাāĻ• āφāĻ›িāϞ āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āĻ…āϤি āϧ⧰্āĻŽীāϝ় āĻ­āĻĻ্ā§°āĻŽāĻšিāϞা। āϤাāχ⧰ āĻāĻšাāϤāĻ–āύ āϏāĻĻাāϝ় āϤাāχ⧰ ā§°োāϜাā§°ীā§° āĻ—ুāϟিāĻŦোā§° āĻ•োā§ąাāϤ āĻŦ্āϝāϏ্āϤ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ⧰ āĻ“ঁāĻ  āĻĻুāϟা āĻ…āĻļ্ā§°ā§ąāĻŖীāϝ় āĻĒ্ā§°াā§°্āĻĨāύাāϤ āĻ…āύāĻŦā§°āϤে āϞ⧰āϚ⧰ āϕ⧰ি āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ ā§°াāϤিāĻĒুā§ąা āϏোāύāĻ•াāϞে āωāĻ িāĻ›িāϞ। ‘āĻāϟা āĻāĻ•āϘেāϝ়াāĻŽী āĻ—াāϝ়āύ-āĻ—ীāϤ’āϤ āϤাāχ ā§°াāϤিāĻĒুā§ąাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°াā§°্āĻĨāύা āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāĻ–āύ āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিā§°ā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āϏংāϞāĻ—্āύ āĻšৈ āĻĨāĻ•াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āφāχāϤাāĻ• āϏāĻĻাāϝ় āĻ•āĻĨāϕ⧰ āϞāĻ—āϤ āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ। āφāχāϤাāχ āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিā§°āϤ āĻŦāĻšি āĻļাāϏ্āϤ্ā§° āĻĒাāĻ  āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।
               
 āĻŦুāĻĸ়ীāϜāύী āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ ā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖāĻļীāϞ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϚāĻšā§°ā§° āύāϤুāύ āχংā§°াāϜী āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāĻ–āύ āϤাāχ⧰ āĻ­াāϞ āύাāϞাāĻ—িāϞ৷ āϤাāχ āĻ…āϏুāĻ–ী āφāĻ›িāϞ āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āϚāĻšā§°ā§° āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāϤ āψāĻļ্āĻŦā§° āφ⧰ু āĻļাāϏ্āϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻ•োāύো āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āύাāĻ›িāϞ। āĻļিāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻāχ āĻĻিāĻļāϟোāϤ āϤাāχ āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻŦিāϚāϞিāϤ āĻ…āύুāĻ­ā§ą āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āχংā§°াāϜী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϤ āϏংāĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āĻĒাāĻ  āĻĻিāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āϏংāĻ—ীāϤāĻ• āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻŦেāĻļ্āϝা āφ⧰ু āĻ­িāĻ•্āώাā§°ীāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻŦুāϞি āĻ—āĻŖ্āϝ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āĻ­āĻĻ্ā§°āϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦেāχ āχāϝ়াā§° āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ āύাāĻ›িāϞ।
               
  āϤাāχ āĻĒ্ā§°াā§°্āĻĨāύা āύāϕ⧰াā§° āĻāĻ•āĻŽাāϤ্ā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϟো āφāĻ›িāϞ āϏেāχāĻĻিāύা āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ•āĻĨāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŦāĻšিঃā§°াāϜ্āϝ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āωāĻ­āϤি āφāĻšিāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏেāϝ়া āφāĻ›িāϞ āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻ…āĻĻ্āĻ­ুāϤ āĻ•āĻĨা। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϤাāχ āĻāχ āϞেāĻĒāϛ⧰ āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূā§°āĻŖāϤāĻ•ৈāĻ“ āĻ…āϧিāĻ•। āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϤাāχ āĻŦুāϜি āĻĒাāϞে āϝে āϤাāχ⧰ āĻļেāώ āĻ“āϚ⧰ āϚাāĻĒিāĻ›ে, āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āϤাāχ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ•োā§ąা āĻŦāύ্āϧ āϕ⧰ি āĻĻিāϞে। āϤাāχ āĻļাāύ্āϤিā§°ে āĻŦিāϚāύাāϤ āĻĒā§°ি āĻĒ্ā§°াā§°্āĻĨāύা āϕ⧰ি āϤাāχ⧰ āĻ—ুāϟিāĻŦোā§° āĻ•’āϞে। āϤাāχ⧰ āĻ“ঁāĻ  āĻĻুāϟা āϞ⧰āϚ⧰ āϕ⧰া āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻšৈ āĻ—’āϞ। āϤাāχ⧰ āύিā§°্āϜীā§ą āφāĻ™ুāϞিā§° āĻĒā§°া ā§°োāϜাā§°ীāĻ–āύ āϏ⧰ি āĻĒā§°িāϞ।


2. Describe the changing relationship between the author and his grandmother. Did their feelings for each other change?

 āϞেāĻ–āĻ• āφ⧰ু āφāχāϤাā§° āĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύāĻļীāϞ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ• āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰āĻ•। āχāϜāύে āϏিāϜāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻ…āύুāĻ­ূāϤি āϏāϞāύি āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ āύেāĻ•ি?

Answer:- Circumstances did have a bearig on the relationship between the author and his  grandmother. They had most intimate relationship when they were in village. They were ‘good friends’ then. His parents left him with her when they went to live in the city. They were constantly together. She used to wake him up in the morning. She got him ready for school. She would offer him a breakfast of a thick, stale chapatti with a  little butter and sugar. Then they went to school. She always went to school because, the old lady sat in the temple reading scriptures.
                  Soon a turning-point came in their relationship. The narrator’s parents sent for them in the city. Now she couldn’t go to school with him as he went there in a motor bus. In the new English school, she couldn’t help him in studies. She hated English, science and music. As the years rolled by they saw less of each other. When he went up to university, the common link of their friendship was snapped. When he went abroad she came to see him off at the station and kissed his forehead.
                     No, their feelings for each other didn’t change. The grandmother was very much excited when the narrator returned from abroad. She celebrated the homecoming of her grandson in her own way. For several hours she sang and thumped the drum. She tried herself and fell ill.

 āĻĒā§°িāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিā§° āϞেāĻ–āĻ• āφ⧰ু āφāχāϤাā§° āĻŽাāϜ⧰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āϕ⧰ āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻāϟা āĻŦিāϝ়াā§°িāĻ— āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ• āĻ—াঁā§ąāϤ āφāĻ›িāϞ āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āϘāύিāώ্āĻ  āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ• āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ• āϤেāϤিāϝ়া 'āĻ­াāϞ āĻŦāύ্āϧু' āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ• āϚāĻšā§°āϤ āĻĨাāĻ•িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻĒিāϤৃ-āĻŽাāϤৃāϝ়ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āϤাāχ⧰ āĻ“āϚ⧰āϤ āĻā§°ি āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ• āύিā§°āύ্āϤ⧰ āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āϤাāĻ• ā§°াāϤিāĻĒুā§ąা āϜāĻ—াāχ āϤুāϞিāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āϤাāĻ• āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏাāϜু āϕ⧰ি āϤুāϞিāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āϤাāĻ• āĻ…āϞāĻĒ āĻŽাāĻ–āύ āφ⧰ু āϚেāύীā§°ে āĻāϟা āĻĄাāĻ , āĻŦাāϏি āϚাāĻĒā§°িā§° ā§°াāϤিāĻĒুā§ąাā§° āφāĻšাā§° āφāĻ—āĻŦāĻĸ়াāĻŦ। āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ• āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āϏāĻĻাāϝ় āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ, āĻŦুāĻĸ়ী āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিā§°āϤ āĻŦāĻšি āĻļাāϏ্āϤ্ā§° āĻĒāĻĸ়িāĻ›িāϞ।

           āĻ…āϤি āϏোāύāĻ•াāϞেāχ āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ•āϤ āĻāϟা āϟাā§°্āĻŖিং āĻĒāχāĻŖ্āϟ āφāĻšিāϞ। āĻ•āĻĨāĻ•āϜāύ⧰ āĻĒিāϤৃ-āĻŽাāϤৃāϝ়ে āϚāĻšā§°āĻ–āύāϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒāĻ িāϝ়াāχāĻ›িāϞ। āĻāϤিāϝ়া āϤাāχ āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āϏৈāϤে āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāϞৈ āϝাāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°িāϞে āĻ•িāϝ়āύো āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŽāϟ⧰ āĻŦাāĻ›āϤ āϤাāϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ। āύāϤুāύ āχংā§°াāϜী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϤ, āϤাāχ āϤাāĻ• āĻĒāĻĸ়াāϤ āϏāĻšাāϝ় āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°িāϞে। āϤাāχ āχংā§°াāϜী, āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ āφ⧰ু āϏংāĻ—ীāϤāĻ• āϘৃāĻŖা āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āĻŦāϛ⧰āĻŦোā§° āϘূā§°ি āĻ…āĻšাā§° āϞāĻ—ে āϞāĻ—ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āχāϜāύে āϏিāϜāύāĻ• āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĻেāĻ–িāĻ›িāϞ। āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ, āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦāύ্āϧুāϤ্āĻŦā§° āωāĻŽৈāĻšāϤীāϝ়া āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āĻ•āϟো āĻ›িāĻ™ি āĻĒā§°িāĻ›িāϞ। āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļāϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ āϤাāχ āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āώ্āϟেāϚāύāϤ āϚাāĻŦāϞৈ āφāĻšিāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻ•āĻĒাāϞāϤ āϚুāĻŽা āĻ–াāχāĻ›িāϞ।     

                    āύāĻšāϝ়, āχāϜāύে āϏিāϜāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻ…āύুāĻ­ূāϤি āϏāϞāύি āĻšোā§ąা āύাāĻ›িāϞ। āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ•āĻĨāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļā§° āĻĒā§°া āωāĻ­āϤি āφāĻšিāĻ›িāϞ āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āφāχāϤাāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āĻŦāĻšুāϤ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏাāĻšিāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āύিāϜ⧰ āϧ⧰āĻŖে āύাāϤিā§° āϘ⧰āϞৈ āϘূā§°ি āĻ…āĻšাāωāĻĻāϝাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āĻ•েāχāĻŦা āϘāĻŖ্āϟাāϧ⧰ি āϤাāχ āĻ—াāύ āĻ—াāχāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āĻĸোāϞāϟো āĻŽাā§°িāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āύিāϜāĻ•ে āϚেāώ্āϟা āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āĻ…āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻ›িāϞ।


3. Would you agree that the author’s grandmother was a person strong in character? If yes, give instances that show this.

 āφāĻĒুāύি āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤ āĻš'āĻŦāύে āϝে āϞেāĻ–āϕ⧰ āφāχāϤা āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āφāĻ›িāϞ? āϝāĻĻি āĻšāϝ়, āĻāύে āωāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ• āϝিāϝ়ে āĻāχāϟো āĻĻেāĻ–ুā§ąাāϝ়।

Answer:- The grandmother was a very strong personality. She was a highly religious lady. She was a conservative lady who hated modern views and ways of life. She had very strong personal likings and dislikes. Being a religious lady and a widow, she could be seen hobbling about the house in a spotless white dress. She used to get up early in the morning. She said her prayers in a monotonous sing-song. One of her hands was always telling the beads of her rosary. She was like the ‘winter landscape in the mountains’. She breathed peace and contentment.
                     The grandmother was quite rigid in her views. She liked the villag school because it was attached to the temple. She sat in the temple reading the scriptures. She hated the English school in the city for various reasons. She was unhappy that there was no teaching about God and the scriptures there. She was quite disturbed at this. They gave music lessons at the school. To her music meant only for harlots and beggars and not for ‘gentlefolk’.
                       It is quite difficult to show complete agreement with her conservative views. But she was a strong and determined character. She led her own kind of life. She never compromised with her principles. She loved the narrator deeply but never tried to be sentimental.

   āφāχāϤা āĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϤ্āĻŦ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āĻ…āϤ্āϝāύ্āϤ āϧ⧰্āĻŽীāϝ় āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী ā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖāĻļীāϞ āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āφāĻ›িāϞ āϝিāϝ়ে āφāϧুāύিāĻ• āĻĻৃāώ্āϟিāĻ­ংāĻ—ী āφ⧰ু āϜীā§ąāύāĻļোঁāϤাāϘৃāĻŖা āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ⧰ āĻŦāĻšুāϤ āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāĻ—āϤ āĻĒāĻ›āύ্āĻĻ āφ⧰ু āĻ…āĻĒāĻ›āύ্āĻĻ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āϧ⧰্āĻŽীāϝ় āĻŽāĻšিāϞা āφ⧰ু āĻŦিāĻ§ā§ąা āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে, āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āύিāώ্āĻ•āϞāĻ™্āĻ• āĻŦāĻ—া āĻĒোāĻ›াāĻ• āĻĒিāύ্āϧি āϘ⧰āϟোā§° āĻ“āϚ⧰ে āĻĒাāϜ⧰ে āϘূā§°ি āĻĢুā§°া āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ ā§°াāϤিāĻĒুā§ąা āϏোāύāĻ•াāϞে āωāĻ িāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āĻāĻ•āϘেāϝ়াāĻŽী āĻ—াāύāϤ āϤাāχ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°াā§°্āĻĨāύা āĻ•'āϞে। āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻāĻ–āύ āĻšাāϤ āϏāĻĻাāϝ় āϜāĻĒāĻŽাāϞাā§° āĻŽāĻŖিāĻŦোā§° āĻ•ৈ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ 'āĻĒā§°্āĻŦāϤ⧰ āĻļীāϤāĻ•াāϞীāύ āĻĻৃāĻļ্āϝāĻĒāϟ'ā§° āĻĻā§°ে āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āĻļাāύ্āϤি āφ⧰ু āϏāύ্āϤুāώ্āϟিāωāĻļাāĻš āϞৈāĻ›িāϞ।

             āφāχāϤাāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āϤাāχ⧰ āĻĻৃāώ্āϟিāĻ­ংāĻ—āϤāĻ­াā§ąে āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻ•āĻ োā§° āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āĻ­িāϞাāĻ— āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāĻ–āύ āĻ­াāϞ āĻĒাāχāĻ›িāϞ āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āχ āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে āϏংāϞāĻ—্āύ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিā§°āϤ āĻŦāĻšি āĻļাāϏ্āϤ্ā§° āĻĒāĻĸ়ি āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻ•াā§°āĻŖāϤ āϚāĻšā§°āĻ–āύ⧰ āχংā§°াāϜী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āĻ–āύāĻ• āϘৃāĻŖা āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ…āϏāύ্āϤুāώ্āϟ āφāĻ›িāϞ āϝে āϤাāϤ āψāĻļ্āĻŦā§° āφ⧰ু āĻļাāϏ্āϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻ•োāύো āĻļিāĻ•্āώা āύাāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āĻāχāϟোāϤ āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻŦিāϚāϞিāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϤ āϏংāĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āĻĒাāĻ  āĻĻিāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ⧰ āϏংāĻ—ীāϤ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻšাā§°্āϞāϟ āφ⧰ু āĻ­িāĻ•্āώাā§°ীāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āφāĻ›িāϞ, 'āĻŽৃāĻĻু āϞোāĻ•'ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āύāĻšāϝ়।

                       āϤাāχ⧰ ā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖāĻļীāϞ āĻĻৃāώ্āϟিāĻ­ংāĻ—ীā§° āϏৈāϤে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϏāύ্āĻŽāϤি āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻā§°্āĻļāύ āϕ⧰াāϟো āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻ•āĻ িāύ। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϤাāχ āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āφ⧰ু āĻĻৃāĻĸ় āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāϜ্āĻž āϚ⧰িāϤ্ā§° āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āύিāϜ⧰ āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āϜীā§ąāύ āϝাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“ āϤাāχ⧰ āύীāϤিā§° āϏৈāϤে āφāĻĒোāϚ āϕ⧰া āύাāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āĻ•āĻĨāĻ•āϜāύāĻ• āĻ—āĻ­ীā§°āĻ­াā§ąে āĻ­াāϞ āĻĒাāχāĻ›িāϞ āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“ āφāĻŦেāĻ—িāĻ• āĻš'āĻŦāϞৈ āϚেāώ্āϟা āϕ⧰া āύাāĻ›িāϞ।           



4. Have you known someone like the author’s grandmother? Do you feel the same sense of loss with regard to someone whom you have loved and lost?

āφāĻĒুāύি āϞেāĻ–āϕ⧰ āφāχāϤাā§° āĻĻā§°ে āĻ•াā§°োāĻŦাāĻ• āϚিāύি āĻĒাāχāĻ›ে āύেāĻ•ি? āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ­াāϞ āĻĒোā§ąা āφ⧰ু āĻšেā§°ুāĻ“ā§ąা āĻ•াā§°োāĻŦাā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āφāĻĒুāύি āĻāĻ•েāχ āĻ•্āώāϤিā§° āĻ…āύুāĻ­ূāϤি āĻ…āύুāĻ­ā§ą āϕ⧰ে āύেāĻ•ি?

Answer:- Yes, I remember my grandmother with love and respect. She resembled the author’s grandmother in every respect. Like them, we were left together in the village. My parents went to settle in the city. My grandmother was an essential part of my life and personality. She woke me up early in the morning. She got me ready for school. We went to school together. She sat in the temple reading scriptures. The temple was attached to the school. We came home together. However, a turning-point came in our friendship when my parents sent for us in the city. I was admitted to an English school. My grandmother hated western science, English and music. When I went up to university, the bond of our relationship was broken. The grandmother accepted her fate silently.
               Definitely, we feel the same sense of loss with regard to someone whom we have loved. The death of my grandmother proves this point. I still remember the grand old lady. She is no more in this world but her memories are still fresh in my mind. These keep me alive.

āĻšāϝ়, āĻŽāχ āĻŽোā§° āφāχāϤাāĻ• āĻŽā§°āĻŽ āφ⧰ু āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āĻŽāύāϤ ā§°াāĻ–িāĻ›োঁ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤে āϞেāĻ–āϕ⧰ āφāχāϤাā§° āĻĻā§°ে āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻĻā§°ে, āφāĻŽাāĻ• āĻ—াāĻ“ঁāĻ–āύāϤ āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে āĻā§°ি āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। āĻŽোā§° āĻŽা-āĻĻেāωāϤা āϚāĻšā§°āĻ–āύāϤ āĻŦāϏāϤি āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ। āĻŽোā§° āφāχāϤা āĻŽোā§° āϜীā§ąāύ āφ⧰ু āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϤ্āĻŦā§° āĻāĻ• āĻ…āĻĒā§°িāĻšাā§°্āϝ āĻ…ংāĻļ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻŽোāĻ• ā§°াāϤিāĻĒুā§ąা āϏোāύāĻ•াāϞে āϜāĻ—াāχ āϤুāϞিāĻ›িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻŽোāĻ• āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏাāϜু āϕ⧰ি āϤুāϞিāĻ›িāϞ। āφāĻŽি āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞāϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞো। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিā§°āϤ āĻŦāĻšি āĻļাāϏ্āϤ্ā§° āĻĒāĻĸ়িāĻ›িāϞ। āĻŽāύ্āĻĻিā§°āϟো āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়ā§° āϏৈāϤে āϏংāϞāĻ—্āύ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āφāĻŽি āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে āϘ⧰āϞৈ āφāĻšিāĻ›িāϞো। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻŽোā§° āĻŽা-āĻĻেāωāϤাāχ āϚāĻšā§°āĻ–āύāϤ āφāĻŽাāĻ• āĻĒāĻ িāϝ়াāχāĻ›িāϞ āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āφāĻŽাā§° āĻŦāύ্āϧুāϤ্āĻŦāϤ āĻāĻ• āϏāύ্āϧিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āφāĻšিāĻ›িāϞ। āĻŽোāĻ• āĻāĻ–āύ āχংā§°াāϜী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϤ āĻ­ā§°্āϤি āϕ⧰োā§ąা āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। āĻŽোā§° āφāχāϤাāχ āĻĒāĻļ্āϚিāĻŽীāϝ়া āĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ, āχংā§°াāϜী āφ⧰ু āϏংāĻ—ীāϤāĻ• āϘৃāĻŖা āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻŽāχ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞো, āφāĻŽাā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒā§°্āϕ⧰ āĻŦাāύ্āϧোāύ āĻ­াāĻ™ি āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ। āφāχāϤাāχ āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻ­াāĻ—্āϝ āύিঃāĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻে āĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰িāϞে।
               


THINKING ABOUT LANGUAGE

āĻ­াāώাā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āϚিāύ্āϤা āϕ⧰া

1. Which language do you think the author and his grandmother used while talking to each other?

āχāϜāύে āϏিāϜāύ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āĻ•āĻĨা āĻĒাāϤি āĻĨাāĻ•োāϤে āϞেāĻ–āĻ• āφ⧰ু āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āφāχāϤাāχ āĻ•োāύāϟো āĻ­াāώা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ āĻŦুāϞি āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ­াāĻŦে?

Answer:- Khushwant Singh and his grandmother lived in a village of Punjab. Naturally, they talked to each other in Punjabi.

  āĻ–ুāĻšā§ąāύ্āϤ āϏিং āφ⧰ু āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āφāχāϤা āĻĒāĻž্āϜাā§ąā§° āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ—াঁā§ąāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āϏ্āĻŦাāĻ­াā§ąিāĻ•āϤে, āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻĒাāĻž্āϜাā§ąীāϤ āχāϜāύে āϏিāϜāύ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āĻ•āĻĨা āĻĒাāϤিāĻ›িāϞ।


2. Which language do you use to talk to elderly relatives in your family?

āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞ⧰ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧ āφāϤ্āĻŽীāϝ়āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āĻ•āĻĨা āĻĒাāϤিāĻŦāϞৈ āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ•োāύāϟো āĻ­াāώা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ে?

Answer:- I belong to a assamese speaking area. I use assamese language while taking to elderly relatives in my family.

 āĻŽāχ āĻāϟা āĻ…āϏāĻŽāĻ­াāώী āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞ⧰ āĻ…āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ। āĻŽāχ āĻŽোā§° āĻĒā§°িāϝ়াāϞ⧰ āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧ āφāϤ্āĻŽীāϝ়āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻ“āϚ⧰āϞৈ āϝাāĻ“ঁāϤে āĻ…āϏāĻŽāĻ­াāώা āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰োঁ।



3. How would you say ‘a dilapidated drum’ in your language?
                      
 āφāĻĒুāύি āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻ­াāώাāϤ 'āĻāϟা āϜ⧰াāϜীā§°্āĻŖ āĻĸোāϞ' āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻ•'āĻŦ?

Answer:- ‘A dilapidated drum’ in my language means “dhol”.

āĻŽোā§° āĻ­াāώাāϤ 'āĻāϟা āϜ⧰াāϜীā§°্āĻŖ āĻĸোāϞ'ā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻšৈāĻ›ে "āĻĸোāϞ"।                            

 

4. Can you think of a song or a poem in your language that talks of homecoming?

āφāĻĒুāύি āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻ­াāώাā§° āĻāϟা āĻ—াāύ āĻŦা āĻ•āĻŦিāϤাā§° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ­াāĻŦিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦāύে āϝিāϝ়ে āϘ⧰āϞৈ āϘূā§°ি āĻ…āĻšাā§° āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ•āϝ়?

Answer:- Come back!
                 Back to the land of your birth.
                 Meadows are still green
                 Air as fresh as you left it.
                 Come and see those gurgling brooks
                 They will reflect your childhood.
                 Come back! Years that rolled by
                 Will come to life once again.

                 āωāĻ­āϤি āφāĻšা!
                 āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āϜāύ্āĻŽāĻ­ূāĻŽিāϞৈ āϘূā§°ি āϝাāĻ“āĻ•।
                 āĻŽেāĻĄোāϜ āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“ āϏেāωāϜীāϝ়া
                 āφāĻĒুāύি āĻā§°ি āϝোā§ąাā§° āĻĻā§°ে āϏāϤেāϜ āĻŦāϤাāĻš।
                 āφāĻšāĻ• āφ⧰ু āϏেāχ āĻ—ুā§°্āĻ—āϞিং āĻŦ্ā§°ুāĻ•āĻŦোā§° āϚাāĻ“āĻ•
                 āϏেāχāĻŦোā§°ে āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻļৈāĻļā§ą āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻĢāϞিāϤ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ।
                 āωāĻ­āϤি āφāĻšা! āĻŦāϛ⧰ āϝিāĻŦোā§° ā§°'āϞ āĻšৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ
                 āφāĻ•ৌ āĻāĻŦাā§° āϜীā§ąāύāϞৈ āφāĻšিāĻŦ।



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