SHANDRASHEKHAR VENKAT RAMAN : THE PRIDE OF INDIN SCIENCE
āĻāύ্āĻĻ্ā§°āĻļেāĻā§° āĻেংāĻāĻ ā§°āĻŽāύ : āĻাā§°āϤীā§ āĻŦিāĻ্āĻাāύ⧰ āĻৌā§°ā§ą
Raman was bom on November 7, 1888, in a small village of Tamil Nadu, near Tirucharapalli. His father Mr. Chandrashekar Ayyar was a professor of Physics in a college in Vishakhapatnam. This was probably the reason of his keen interest in Physics from his school days. He passed his matriculation at the age of 11 and the intermediate examination at the age of 13. Then, he studied at Presidency College, Madras. On the very first day, when Professor E.S. Illiot came for his English poetry class, seeing this bright eyed young boy of 13 there, he asked, "What are you doing here in this class?" Raman replied, "Sir, I am a student of this class." And this first interaction with his teacher made Raman the most favourite student of Prof. Illiot.
ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§Ž āĻāύ⧰ ā§ āĻ¨ā§ąেāĻŽ্āĻŦā§°āϤ āϤিā§°ুāĻā§°াāĻĒāϞ্āϞীā§° āĻāĻā§°ā§° āϤাāĻŽিāϞāύাāĻĄুā§° āĻāĻāύ āϏ⧰ু āĻাঁā§ąāϤ ā§°āĻŽāύ⧰ āĻāύ্āĻŽ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ। āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻĒিāϤৃ āĻļ্ā§°ী āĻāύ্āĻĻ্ā§°āĻļেāĻā§° āĻāϝ়্āϝাā§° āĻŦিāĻļাāĻাāĻĒāĻ্āĻāύāĻŽā§° āĻāĻāύ āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϤ āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨ āĻŦিāĻ্āĻাāύ⧰ āĻ
āϧ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ āĻāĻিāϞ। āϏ্āĻুāϞীāϝ়া āĻĻিāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°াāĻ āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨ āĻŦিāĻ্āĻাāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āϤেāĻঁā§° āϤীāĻŦ্ā§° āĻāĻ্ā§°āĻšā§° āĻাā§°āĻŖ āĻšāϝ়āϤো āĻāĻāĻোā§ąেāĻ āĻāĻিāϞ। ā§§ā§§ āĻŦāĻā§° āĻŦāϝ়āϏāϤ āĻŽেāĻ্ā§°িāĻ āĻā§°ু ā§§ā§Š āĻŦāĻā§° āĻŦāϝ়āϏāϤ āĻāύ্āĻাā§°āĻŽিāĻĄিāϝ়েāĻ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ্āώাāϤ āĻāϤ্āϤীā§°্āĻŖ āĻšāϝ়।āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤ, āĻŽাāĻĻ্ā§°াāĻā§° āĻĒ্ā§°েāĻিāĻĄেāύ্āϏি āĻāϞেāĻāϤ āĻ
āϧ্āϝāϝ়āύ āĻā§°ে। āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻিāύাāĻ āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ
āϧ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ āĻ. āĻāϞিāϝ়āĻ āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻংā§°াāĻী āĻāĻŦিāϤাā§° āĻ্āϞাāĻā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻāĻšিāĻিāϞ, āϤাāϤ ā§§ā§Š āĻŦāĻā§°ীāϝ়া āĻāĻ āĻāĻ্āĻ্āĻŦāϞ āĻāĻুā§° āĻĄেāĻা āϞ'ā§°াāĻোāĻ āĻĻেāĻি āϤেāĻঁ āϏুāϧিāĻিāϞ, "āĻāĻĒুāύি āĻāϝ়াāϤ āĻāĻ āĻ্āϞাāĻāϤ āĻি āĻā§°ি āĻāĻে?" ā§°āĻŽāĻŖে āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĻিāϞে, "āĻাā§°, āĻŽāĻ āĻāĻ āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীā§° āĻাāϤ্ā§°।" āĻā§°ু āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻĻাāύ-āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ⧰ āĻĢāϞāϤ ā§°āĻŽāύāĻ āĻ
āϧ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ āĻāϞিāϝ়āĻā§° āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻĒ্ā§°িāϝ় āĻাāϤ্ā§° āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻিāϞ।
At the age of 15 Raman became a graduate in Physics and in this examination he obtained first position in the University. While doing his post graduation in Physics he also started his research work. Though India was in the clutches of British and there was no research facility available in the country, Raman could get his first research paper published in a philosophical magazine of London by the time he completed his post graduation.
ā§§ā§Ģ āĻŦāĻā§° āĻŦāϝ়āϏāϤ ā§°āĻŽāĻŖ āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨ āĻŦিāĻ্āĻাāύāϤ āϏ্āύাāϤāĻ āĻšāϝ় āĻā§°ু āĻāĻ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ্āώাāϤ āϤেāĻঁ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āϞাāĻ āĻā§°ে। āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨ āĻŦিāĻ্āĻাāύāϤ āϏ্āύাāϤāĻোāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻā§°ি āĻĨাāĻোঁāϤে āϤেāĻঁ āĻā§ąেāώāĻŖাāĻŽূāϞāĻ āĻাāĻŽো āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ āĻā§°ে। āϝāĻĻিāĻ āĻাā§°āϤ āĻŦ্ā§°িāĻিāĻā§° āĻāĻŦāϞāϤ āĻāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻĻেāĻļāϤ āĻā§ąেāώāĻŖাā§° āĻোāύো āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āύাāĻিāϞ, āϤāĻĨাāĻĒিāĻ ā§°āĻŽāύে āϏ্āύাāϤāĻোāϤ্āϤ⧰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻā§°াā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϞৈāĻে āϞāĻŖ্āĻĄāύ⧰ āĻāĻāύ āĻĻাā§°্āĻļāύিāĻ āĻāϞোāĻāύীāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽāĻāύ āĻā§ąেāώāĻŖা āĻĒāϤ্ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻিāϞ।
Compton was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1927 for his discovery of Compton Effect. According to Compton Effect, the frequency of X-rays change as they pass through a material. This change in frequency is material specific. It struck Raman and he began to think, what happens to X-rays should also happen to light when it passes through a transparent medium. To test this hypothesis Raman designed and constructed his own apparatus at a meagre cost of just Rs. 200. Experimenting with it he discovered the effect which was later called as Raman Effect. It took Raman only four months of experimentation and he announced in a conference of scientistsin Bangalore about the discovery of Raman Effect. The discovery was so important that the British Government honoured him with the title of 'Sir' in 1929, and Nobel Prize was awarded to him in 1930 for it.
āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻāύ āĻāĻĢেāĻ্āĻ āĻā§ąিāώ্āĻাā§° āĻā§°াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে ⧧⧝⧍⧠āĻāύāϤ āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻāύে āύোāĻŦেāϞ āĻŦঁāĻা āϞাāĻ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻāύ āĻāĻĢেāĻ্āĻā§° āĻŽāϤে āĻোāύো āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨā§° āĻŽাāĻেā§°ে āĻĒাā§° āĻšৈ āϝোā§ąাā§° āϞāĻে āϞāĻে āĻāĻ্āϏ-ā§°েā§° āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻ্āĻ āϏāϞāύি āĻšāϝ়। āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻ্āĻāϤ āĻāĻ āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āĻŦāϏ্āϤুāĻāϤ āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ। āĻ ā§°āĻŽāύāĻ āĻুāύ্āĻĻা āĻŽাā§°িāϞে āĻā§°ু āϤেāĻঁ āĻাāĻŦিāĻŦāϞৈ āϧ⧰িāϞে, āĻāĻ্āϏ-ā§°েā§° āĻি āĻšāϝ় āĻĒোāĻšā§°ā§° āϞāĻāϤো āĻš’āĻŦ āϞাāĻে āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻ āĻāĻা āϏ্āĻŦāĻ্āĻ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽā§° āĻŽাāĻেā§°ে āĻĒাā§° āĻšৈ āϝাāϝ়। āĻāĻ āĻ
āύুāĻŽাāύ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ্āώা āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ ā§°āĻŽāύে āĻŽাāϤ্ā§° ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻāĻাā§° āϏাāĻŽাāύ্āϝ āĻā§°āĻāϤ āύিāĻাāĻৈ āĻāĻা āϝāύ্āϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻĄিāĻাāĻāύ āĻā§°ু āύিā§°্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ) āĻāϝ়াā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻĒā§°ীāĻ্āώা-āύিā§°ীāĻ্āώা āĻā§°ি āϤেāĻঁ āϏেāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻā§ąিāώ্āĻাā§° āĻā§°ে āϝাāĻ āĻĒিāĻāϞৈ ā§°āĻŽāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻŦুāϞি āĻোā§ąা āĻšāϝ়। ā§°āĻŽāύāĻ āĻŽাāϤ্ā§° āĻাā§°ি āĻŽাāĻš āĻĒā§°ীāĻ্āώা āϞাāĻিāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু āϤেāĻঁ āĻŦিāĻ্āĻাāύীāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻāĻāύ āϏāύ্āĻŽিāϞāύāϤ āĻŦাংāĻাāϞুā§°ুāϤ ā§°āĻŽāύ āĻāĻĢেāĻ্āĻā§° āĻā§ąিāώ্āĻাā§°ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻোāώāĻŖা āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āĻāĻ āĻā§ąিāώ্āĻাā§° āĻāĻŽাāύেāĻ āĻুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻāĻিāϞ āϝে ⧧⧝⧍⧝ āĻāύāϤ āĻŦ্ā§°িāĻিāĻ āĻā§°āĻাā§°ে āϤেāĻঁāĻ ‘āĻাā§°’ āĻāĻĒাāϧিā§°ে āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ āĻāύাāĻāĻিāϞ, āĻā§°ু āĻāϝ়াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে ā§§ā§¯ā§Šā§Ļ āĻāύāϤ āϤেāĻঁāĻ āύোāĻŦেāϞ āĻŦঁāĻা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻিāϞ।
Like many other great men, Raman also used to love children very much. He was often seen playing, telling stories and doing scientific activities with them. He breathed his last in the morning of 21 November, 1970. His mortal body is not with us today, but his ideas and works will inspire our generations in future. Let us hope that many scientists follow his foot prints and bring laurels to India.
āĻāύ āĻŦāĻšুāϤো āĻŽāĻšাāĻĒুā§°ুāώ⧰ āĻĻā§°ে ā§°āĻŽāĻŖেāĻ āĻāĻāϤে āϞ’ā§°া-āĻোā§ąাāϞীāĻ āĻŦāĻšুāϤ āĻাāϞ āĻĒাāĻāĻিāϞ। āϤেāĻঁāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়ে āĻেāϞা-āϧূāϞা āĻā§°া, āĻাāĻšিāύী āĻোā§ąা āĻā§°ু āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻŦৈāĻ্āĻাāύিāĻ āĻাāĻŽ-āĻাāĻ āĻā§°া āĻĻেāĻা āĻৈāĻিāϞ। ⧧⧝ā§ā§Ļ āĻāύ⧰ ⧍⧧ āĻ¨ā§ąেāĻŽ্āĻŦā§°ā§° ā§°াāϤিāĻĒুā§ąা āϤেāĻঁ āĻļেāώ āύিāĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ āϞৈāĻিāϞ।āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻŽā§°্āϤ্āϝāϞোāĻā§° āĻļā§°ীā§°āĻো āĻāĻি āĻāĻŽাā§° āϞāĻāϤ āύাāĻ, āĻিāύ্āϤু āϤেāĻঁā§° āϧাā§°āĻŖা āĻā§°ু āĻā§°্āĻŽāĻ āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻāύ্āĻŽāĻ āĻā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤে āĻ
āύুāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻŦ। āĻāĻļা āĻā§°োঁ āĻŦāĻšু āĻŦিāĻ্āĻাāύীāϝ়ে āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻā§°িā§° āĻাāĻĒ āĻ
āύুāϏ⧰āĻŖ āĻā§°ি āĻাā§°āϤāϞৈ āϞ’ā§°েāϞ āĻāύিāĻŦ।
A. Complete the following sentences in your own words:-
āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻিā§া āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāϏāĻŽূāĻš āύিāĻā§° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§°ে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻā§°া:
i. Why the British Government honoured Raman with the title of 'Sir' ?
āĻŦ্ā§°িāĻিāĻ āĻā§°āĻাā§°ে āĻিā§ ā§°āĻŽāύāĻ 'Sir' āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ?
Ans: The British Government honoured Raman with the title of 'Sir' because of his discovery of Raman effect.
āĻŦ্ā§°িāĻিāĻ āĻā§°āĻাā§°ে ā§°āĻŽāύāĻ āϤেāĻঁā§° ā§°āĻŽāύ āĻāĻĢেāĻ্āĻā§° āĻā§ąিāώ্āĻাā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে 'Sir' āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ ৷
ii. Raman's ideals and works will inspire our generations to come so that they can follow his footsteps and bring laurels to India.
(ā§°āĻŽāύ⧰ āĻāĻĻā§°্āĻļ āĻā§°ু āĻাāĻŽā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻāĻিā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻāύ্āĻŽāĻ āĻ
āύুāĻĒ্ā§°েā§°āĻŖা āϞাāĻ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āĻā§°ু āĻাā§°āϤāĻŦā§°্āώāϞৈ āĻৌā§°ā§ą āĻā§িā§াāĻ āĻāύিāĻŦ ৷)
iii. Raman could get his first research paper published in London because there were no research facilities available in India at that time.
(ā§°āĻŽāύে āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻā§ąেāώāĻŖাāĻĒāϤ্ā§°āĻāύ āϞāĻŖ্āĻĄāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°িāĻŦ āϞāĻা āĻšৈāĻিāϞ āĻাā§°āĻŖ āĻাā§°āϤāϤ āϏেāĻ āϏāĻŽā§āϤ āĻā§ąেāώāĻŖাā§° āĻোāύোāϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āĻāĻĒāϞāĻŦ্āϧ āύাāĻিāϞ ৷)
iv. Raman's mortal body is not with us today but his ideals and works will inspire our generation in future.
(ā§°āĻŽāύ āĻļাā§°ীā§°িāĻāĻাā§ąে āĻāĻŽাā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āύাāĻĨাāĻিāϞেāĻ āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻāĻĻā§°্āĻļ āĻā§°ু āĻā§°্āĻŽāĻ āύāϤুāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻāύ্āĻŽāĻ āĻ
āύুāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻŦ।)
B. Answer the following:-
āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻিā§াāϏāĻŽুāĻšā§° āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĻিā§া :-
a) When and where was Raman born?
ā§°āĻŽāύ⧰ āĻāύ্āĻŽ āĻেāϤিā§া āĻā§°ু āĻ'āϤ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ?
Ans: Raman was born on November 7, 1888, in a small village of Tamil Nadu, near Tirucharapalli.
ā§°āĻŽāύ⧰ āĻāύ্āĻŽ ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§ŽāĻāύ⧰ āĻ¨ā§ąেāĻŽ্āĻŦā§°ā§° ā§ āϤাā§°িāĻে āϤাāĻŽিāϞāύাāĻĄুā§° āϤিā§°ুāĻাā§°াāĻĒāϞ্āϞী āύাāĻŽে āϏ⧰ু āĻাāĻঁāĻāύāϤ āĻšৈāĻিāϞ ৷
b) What was the reason of his keen interest in Physics?
āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨāĻŦিāĻ্āĻাāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻাā§ąি āĻāĻā§°্āώিāϤ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻাā§°āĻŖ āĻি āĻāĻিāϞ?
Ans: His father Mr. Chandrashekar Ay yar was a professor of Physics in a college in Vishakhapatnam. This was probably the reason of his keen interest in Physics.
āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻĻেāĻāϤাāĻ āĻāύ্āĻĻ্ā§°āĻļেāĻā§° āĻā§াā§° āĻŦিāĻļাāĻাāĻĒāĻ্āĻāύāĻŽā§° āĻāĻāύ āĻŽāĻšাāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞā§āϤ āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨāĻŦিāĻ্āĻাāύ⧰ āĻ
āϧ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ āĻāĻিāϞ৷ āĻā§ে āĻšā§āϤো āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨāĻŦিāĻ্āĻাāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻাā§ąি āĻāĻā§°্āώিāϤ āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻাā§°āĻŖ āĻāĻিāϞ ৷
c) What is Compton Effect?
āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻি?
Ans: According to Compton Effect, the frequency of X-rays change as they pass through a material. This change in frequency is material specific.
āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ą āĻ
āύুāϏ⧰ি x-ray ā§°āĻļ্āĻŽিā§° āϤ⧰ংāĻāϏāĻŽুāĻš āĻোāύো āϧাāϤুā§° āĻŽাāĻেā§°ে āĻĒাā§° āĻš'āϞে āϤ⧰ংāĻāϏāĻŽুāĻšā§° āĻŦেāĻā§° āϏāϞāύি āĻšā§৷ āĻāĻ āϏাāϞ āϏāϞāύি āϧাāϤু āĻ
āύুāϏ⧰ি āĻŦেāϞেāĻ āĻš'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°েে ৷
d) When and why was Raman given the Nobel Prize?
ā§°āĻŽāύāĻ āĻিā§ āĻā§°ু āĻেāϤিā§া āύāĻŦেāϞ āĻŦāĻাঁ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻিāϞ?
Ans: Raman was given Nobel Prize in the year 1930 for his crucial discovery of Raman effect.
ā§°āĻŽāύāĻ ā§§ā§¯ā§Šā§Ļ āĻāύāϤ āϤেāĻঁā§° ā§°āĻŽāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাā§ąā§° āĻ
āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻā§ąিāώ্āĻাā§°ā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āύāĻŦেāϞ āĻŦāĻা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāύ āĻā§°া āĻšৈāĻিāϞ ৷
e) Write briefly about Raman's love towards children.
ā§°āĻŽāύ⧰ āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤি āĻĨāĻা āĻŽāύোāĻাā§ąā§° āĻŦিāώā§ে āĻāĻŽুāĻৈ āϞিāĻা ৷
Ans: Raman was very much fond of children. He was often seen playing, telling stories and doing scientific activities with them.
āĻļিāĻļুāϏāĻāϞ ā§°āĻŽāύ⧰ āĻ
āϤি āĻĒ্ā§°িā§ āĻāĻিāϞ৷āϤেāĻঁāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°াā§ে āĻļিāĻļুā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻেāϞা, āϏাāϧুāĻāĻĨা āĻোā§ąা āĻā§°ু āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻŦৈāĻ্āĻাāύিāĻ āĻাāĻŽ āĻāĻĻি āĻā§°া āĻĻেāĻা āĻৈāĻিāϞ ৷
Grammar and usage.
1 . Give opposite of the following words:
āĻŦিāĻĒā§°িāϤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϞিāĻাঃ
brilliant (āĻĒ্ā§°āĻā§°)
dull (āĻোāĻĻা)
young (āϏ⧰ু)
old (āĻĄাāĻā§°)
start (āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ)
end (āϏāĻŽাāĻĒ্āϤ)
available (āĻāĻৈāύāĻĻী)
unavailable (āĻ
āύুāĻĒāϞāĻŦ্āϧ)
later (āĻĒাāĻāϤ)
earlier (āĻāĻāϤ)
like (āĻĒāĻāύ্āĻĻ)
dislike (āĻ
āĻĒāĻāύ্āĻĻ)
honour (āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ)
dishonour (āĻ
āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύ)
2. Choose the correct words and fill in the blanks:
a. Tulsidas lived during Akbar's __ (rain(āĻŦā§°āώুāĻŖ)/reign(āĻļাāϏāύ))
Ans: Tulsidas lived during Akbar's reign.
āϤুāϞāϏীāĻĻাāϏ āĻāĻāĻŦā§°ā§° āĻļাāϏāύāĻাāϞāϤ āĻীā§াāĻ āĻāĻিāϞ ৷
b. The ship set __ at dawn, (sail(āĻĻিāĻা āĻŽেāϞা/sale(āĻŦিāĻ্ā§°ী āĻā§°া))
Ans: The ship set sail at dawn.
āĻাāĻšাāĻāĻāύে āĻĻোāĻāĻŽোāĻাāϞিāϤে āĻĻিāĻা āĻŽেāϞি āĻĻিāϞে ৷
c. Snakes live in __ (whole(āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ)/hole(āĻাāϤঁ))
Ans: Snakes live in hole.
āϏাāĻĒ āĻাāϤāϤ āĻĨাāĻে ৷
d. Two and two make_ (four(āĻাā§°ি)/fore(āĻāĻ)
Ans: two and two make four.
āĻĻুāĻ āĻā§°ু āĻĻুāĻ āϝোāĻ āĻā§°িāϞে āĻাā§°ি āĻšā§ ৷
e. He is a man of __ (principal(āĻ
āϧāĻ্āώ্āϝ)/principle(āĻāĻĻā§°্āĻļ))
Ans: He is a man of principles.
āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻĻā§°্āĻļā§ąাāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি ৷
3. Match the following: -
a. badminton. i) ground
b. chess ii) course
c. football iii) arena
d. race. iv) field
e.hockey v)court
f. wrestling vi) board
Ans: badminton: court
chess : board
Football: Field
Race: course
Hockey: Ground
Wrestling: Arena
Word note:
Interaction : Communicate, Communication between more than one person, exchanges of ideas with two or more people.
āĻাā§ą-āĻŦিāύিāĻŽā§ : āϝোāĻাāϝোāĻ, āĻāĻāύāϤāĻৈ āĻ
āϧিāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āϝোāĻাāϝোāĻ, āĻĻুāĻāύ āĻŦা āϤাāϤāĻৈ āĻ
āϧিāĻ āϞোāĻā§° āϏৈāϤে āϧাā§°āĻŖা āĻŦিāύিāĻŽāϝ় āĻā§°া।
Clutches : To take or try to take hold of something tightly of usually in fear, worry or pain.
āĻ্āϞাāĻ : āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে āĻāϝ়, āĻিāύ্āϤা āĻŦা āĻŦিāώāϤ āĻিāĻŦা āĻāĻা āĻাāύāĻৈ āϞোā§ąা āĻŦা āϧ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻেāώ্āĻা āĻā§°া।
Material : A physical substance.
āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°ী : āĻāĻŦিāϧ āĻৌāϤিāĻ āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨ।
Conference : A meeting of people for discussing specific subjects.
āϏāύ্āĻŽিāϞāύ : āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ā§° āĻāϞোāĻāύাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻāĻāύ āϏāĻা।
Ideals : Good Examples.
āĻāĻĻā§°্āĻļ : āĻাāϞ āĻāĻĻাāĻšā§°āĻŖ।
Favourite : Best liked or most enjoyed.
āĻĒ্ā§°িā§ : āϏ⧰্āĻŦāĻļ্ā§°েāώ্āĻ āĻাāϞ āĻĒোā§ąা āĻŦা āĻāĻাāĻāϤāĻৈ āĻŦেāĻি āĻāĻĒāĻোāĻ āĻā§°া।
Frequency : Process happenings within a period of time.
āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒāύাংāĻ : āĻāĻা āϏāĻŽāϝ়ā§° āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ āĻāĻāύাāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ্ā§°িāϝ়াāĻā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°া।
Transparent : Very clear.
āϏ্āĻŦāĻ্āĻ : āĻ
āϤি āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āĻ।
Meagre : Very small amount.
āϏাāĻŽাāύ্āϝ : āĻ
āϤি āĻāĻŽ āĻĒā§°িāĻŽাāĻŖā§°।
Mortal: Bodily.
āĻŽā§°্āϤ্āϝāϞোāĻ : āĻļাā§°ীā§°িāĻ।
Laurels : Praise and glory.
āϞ⧰েāϞāĻ : āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļংāϏা āĻā§°ু āĻŽāĻšিāĻŽা।
Word meaning:
Near- āĻাāώāϤ।
Physics- āĻĒāĻĻাā§°্āĻĨ āĻŦিāĻ্āĻাāύ।
Probably- āϏāĻŽ্āĻā§ąāϤঃ।
Reason- āĻাā§°āĻŖ।
Keen- āĻāĻ্ā§°āĻšী।
Matriculation- āĻŽেāĻ্ā§°িāĻ।
Intermediate- āĻ
āύ্āϤ⧰্āĻŦā§°্āϤী।
Interaction- āĻাā§ą- āĻŦিāύিāĻŽā§।
Graduate- āϏ্āύাāϤāĻ।
Obtain- āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻĒ্āϤ āĻā§°া।
Publish- āĻĒ্ā§°āĻাāĻļ āĻā§°া।
Philosophical- āĻĻাā§°্āĻļāύিāĻ।
Magazine- āĻāϞোāĻāύী।
Frequency- āĻāĻŽ্āĻĒāύাংāĻ।
Material- āϏাāĻŽāĻ্ā§°ী।
Specific- āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āĻ।
Struck- āĻāĻাāϤ āϞāĻা।
Transparent- āϏ্āĻŦāĻ্āĻ।
Hypothesis- āĻ
āύুāĻŽাāύ।
Construct- āύিā§°্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻā§°া।
Apparatus- āϝāύ্āϤ্ā§°āĻĒাāϤি।
Meagre- āϏাāĻŽাāύ্āϝ।
Conference- āϏāύ্āĻŽিāϞāύ।
Honoured- āϏāύ্āĻŽাāύিāϤ।
Activities- āĻাā§°্āϝāĻāϞাāĻĒ।
Breathe- āĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ-āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āĻŦাāϏ।
Generation- āĻĒ্ā§°āĻāύ্āĻŽ।
Ideals- āĻāĻĻā§°্āĻļ।
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Word Meaning by- Punya Hazarika.
Himadri Borah