Lesson-14
The Chipko Architect

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Word Note:

Fore see : to see or know before hand

āĻĒূā§°্āĻŦাāύুāĻŽাāύ āϕ⧰া : āφāĻ—āϤীāϝ়াāĻ•ৈ āϚাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦা āϜাāύিāĻŦāϞৈ

Hugged : hold tightly in the arms as a sign of love

āϏাā§ąāϟি āϧ⧰া : āĻĒ্ā§°েāĻŽā§° āϚিāύ āϏ্āĻŦā§°ূāĻĒে āĻ•োāϞাāϤ āϜোā§°েā§°ে āϧ⧰ি ā§°াāĻ–āĻ•

Weapon : anything used to fight with, such as a sword, gun, bomb etc.

āĻ…āϏ্āϤ্ā§° : āϝুāĻĻ্āϧ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া āϝিāĻ•োāύো āĻŦāϏ্āϤু, āϝেāύে āϤ⧰োā§ąাāϞ, āĻŦāύ্āĻĻুāĻ•, āĻŦোāĻŽা                     āφāĻĻি।

Coarse : hard

āĻŽোāϟা : āĻ•āĻ িāύ

Unmindful : not earing

āĻŽāύāĻšীāύ : āĻ–োā§ąা āύাāχ

Afforestation : to plant more trees.

āĻŦāύাāύীāϕ⧰āĻŖ : āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻ—āĻ›āĻĒুāϞি ā§°োāĻĒāĻŖ āϕ⧰া।

Ruin : to destroy or spoil.

āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ : āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ āĻŦা āύāώ্āϟ āϕ⧰া।

Healthy : with love

āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ : āĻŽā§°āĻŽā§° āϏৈāϤে

Route : path

āĻĒāĻĨ : āĻĒāĻĨ

Posterity : future generations.

āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤ : āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϜāύ্āĻŽ।


Working with the text

1. Answer the following sentences
(āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻি⧟াāϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĻি⧟া)

 i) What are the five Fs given by trees?
(āĻ—āϛ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻĒোāĻŦা āĻĒাঁāϚāϟা F āĻ•ি?) 
Ans: The five Fs given by trees are food, fodder, fertiliser , fuel and fibre.(āĻ—āϛ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻĒোā§ąা āĻĒাঁāϚāϟা F āĻš’āϞ āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝ,āϜীā§ą-āϜāύ্āϤ⧰ āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝ,āϏাā§°,āχāύ্āϧāύ,āφঁāĻš)



ii) Who was Sunderlal Bahuguna?
(āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞ āĻŦāĻšুāĻ—āύা āĻ•োāύ?) 
Ans: Sunderlal Bahuguna was the founder of Chipko movement.(āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞ āĻŦāĻšুāĻ—āύা āϚিāĻĒāĻ•ো āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ াāϤা)



ii) What does 'Chipko" mean in Hindi? 
(āĻšিāύ্āĻĻীāϤ 'āϚিāĻĒāĻ•ো' āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻ•ি?) 
Ans: Chipko in Hindi means to cling to or to hug.
(āĻšিāύ্āĻĻীāϤ 'āϚিāĻĒāĻ•ো' āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻš’āϞ āϏাāĻŦāϟি āϧ⧰া)



iv) When did Sunderlal start the Chipko movement?
(āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞে āĻ•েāϤি⧟া āϚিāĻĒāĻ•ো āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ⧰ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŖি āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ?) 
Ans: Sunderlal started the Chipko movement in 1972.(āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞে 1972 āϚāύāϤ āϚিāĻĒāĻ•ো āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ⧰ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŖি āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ)



v) When and where was Sunderlal Bahuguna born? (āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞ āĻŦāĻšুāĻ—āύাā§° āϜāύ্āĻŽ āĻ•’āϤ āφ⧰ু āĻ•েāϤি⧟া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ?) 
Ans: Sunderlal was born on 9 January, 1927, in a small hill village, Marora, on the banks of the Bhagirathi in Tehri Garhwal.
(āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞ āĻŦāĻšুāĻ—āύাā§° āϜāύ্āĻŽ 9āϜাāύুā§ąাā§°ী, 1927āϚāύāϤ āĻ­াāĻ—ীā§°āĻĨী āύৈā§° āĻĒাā§°ā§° āϟেāĻš্‌ā§°ী āĻ—াā§°ā§ąাāϞ⧰ āĻŽাā§°োā§°া āύাāĻŽে āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĒাāĻšাā§°ী⧟া āĻ াāχāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ)



vi) Who inspired Sunderlal to take pledge to serve the people? (āĻ•োāύে āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞāĻ• āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ąāϏেā§ąাāϤ āĻŦ্ā§°āϤী āĻš’āĻŦāϞৈ āĻ…āύুāĻĒ্ā§°েā§°āĻŖা āĻĻিāĻ›িāϞ?) 

Ans: Dev Suman,a young Gandhian inspired Sunderlal to take pledge to serve the people.(āĻĻেā§ą āϏুāĻŽāύ āύাāĻŽā§° āĻāϜāύ āĻ—াāύ্āϧীāĻŦাāĻĻী āϞোāĻ•ে  āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞāĻ• āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ąāϏেā§ąাāϤ āĻŦ্ā§°āϤী āĻš’āĻŦāϞৈ āĻ…āύুāĻĒ্ā§°েā§°āĻŖা āĻĻিāĻ›িāϞ)



vii) What inspired Sunderlal to open a school for scavengers? (āĻ•োāύে āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞāĻ• āĻ­āĻ™া-āϚিāĻ™া āĻŦুāϟāϞা āϞোāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āϕ⧰াāϤ āĻ…āύুāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖিāϤ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ?) 

Ans: Two social workers, Mira Behn and Thakkar Bapa inspired Sunderlal to open a school for scavengers.(āĻŽীā§°া āĻŦেāύ āφ⧰ু āĻĨাāĻ•্āĻ•াā§° āĻŦাāĻĒা āύাāĻŽā§° āĻĻুুāϜāύ āϏāĻŽাāϜāϕ⧰্āĻŽী⧟ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āĻ­āĻ™া-āϚিāĻ™া āĻŦুāϟāϞা āϞোāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āϕ⧰াāϤ āĻ…āύুāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖিāϤ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ)



viil) What did the villagers do to protect trees? (āĻ—াঁāĻ“āĻŦাāϏী⧟ে āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻ—āĻ›āĻŦোā§° ā§°āĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ?)

Ans: To prevent a forest of trees from being cut, villagers mostly women - formed themselves into small groups of three or four. When the workers arrived and advanced towards the trees with their axes, the villagers hugged the trees, clasping their arms round the tree trunk.
(āĻ—āĻ›āĻŦোā§° āĻ•āϟা āϝোā§ąাā§° āĻĒā§°া ā§°āĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻ•ৈ āĻ—াā§ąঁā§° āĻŽāĻšিāϞাāϏāĻ•āϞে āϤিāύি-āϚাā§°িāϜāύী⧟া āϏ⧰ু āϏ⧰ু āĻ—োāϟāϤ āĻ­াāĻ— āĻšৈ āϞৈāĻ›িāϞ৷āϝেāϤি⧟া āĻ—āĻ› āĻ•āϟা āϞোāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻ•ুāĻ াā§°āϞৈ āφāĻ—āĻŦাā§িāĻ›িāϞ āĻ—াঁāĻ“āĻŦাāϏী⧟ে āĻ—āĻ›āĻŦোā§° āĻĻুāĻŦাāĻšুā§°ি āϏাāĻŦāϟি āϧ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ)



2.a) Write a paragraph on the life and works of Sunderlal Bahuguna. (āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞ āĻŦāĻšুāĻ—āύাā§° āϜীā§ąāύ āφ⧰ু āϕ⧰্āĻŽā§° āĻŦিāώ⧟ে āĻāϟা āϟোāĻ•া āϞিāĻ–া) 

Ans: Sunderlal was born on 9 January, 1927, in a small hill village, Marora, on the banks of the Bhagirathi in Tehri Garhwal. In 1942, Dev Suman, a young Gandhian, came to Sunderlal's village and spoke about Gandhiji and the Swadeshi movement. He inspired Sunderlal, who was then only fifteen, to take a pledge to serve the people.Sunderlal soon began to speak publicly of improving the lot of the poor and oppressed villagers. When he was twenty, Sunderlal came in contact with two other social workers, Mira Behn and Thakkar Bapa. The meeting inspired him to open a school for bhangis (scavengers).Sunderlal started the Chipko movement in 1972 to save the forests of the Himalayas. Sunderlal wanted to know what it meant to be really poor and so at various times, he worked as a zamadar, a labourer, and a hawker. In 1956, at twenty-nine, he married Vimla Nautiyal, and together, they established an ashram in Silyara village of Tehri Garhwal.

(āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞ āĻŦāĻšুāĻ—āύাā§° āϜāύ্āĻŽ 9āϜাāύুā§ąাā§°ী,1927āϚāύāϤ āĻ­াāĻ—ীā§°āĻĨী āύৈā§° āĻĒাā§°ā§° āϟেāĻš্‌ā§°ী āĻ—াā§°ā§ąাāϞ⧰ āĻŽাā§°োā§°া āύাāĻŽে āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĒাāĻšাā§°ী⧟া āĻ াāχāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ৷1942 āϚāύāϤ āĻĻেā§ą āϏুāĻŽāύ āύাāĻŽā§° āĻāϜāύ āĻ—াāύ্āϧীāĻŦাāĻĻী āϞোāĻ• āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞ⧰ āĻ—াā§ąāϞৈ āφāĻšিāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āĻ—াāύ্āϧীāϜীā§° āφ⧰ু āϏ্āĻŦāĻĻেāĻļী āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ⧰ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ•ৈāĻ›িāϞ৷ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϤেāϤি⧟া āĻĒোāύ্āϧ⧰ āĻŦāϛ⧰ী⧟া āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞāĻ• āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ąāϏেā§ąাāϤ āĻŦ্ā§°āϤী āĻš’āĻŦāϞৈ āĻ…āύুāĻĒ্ā§°েā§°āĻŖা āĻĻিāĻ›িāϞ৷ āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞে āϤাā§° āĻĒাāĻ›āϤে āϏāĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻļোāώিāϤ āĻļ্ā§°েāĻŖীā§° āĻŦিāώ⧟ে ā§°াāϜāĻšুā§ąাāĻ­াā§ąে āĻ•’āĻŦāϞৈ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ৷ āϝেāϤি⧟া āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻŦ⧟āϏ āĻŦিāĻ› āĻŦāϛ⧰ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻŽীā§°া āĻŦেāύ āφ⧰ু āĻĨাāĻ•্āĻ•াā§° āĻŦাāĻĒা āύাāĻŽā§° āĻĻুāϜāύ āϏāĻŽাāϜāϕ⧰্āĻŽীāĻ• āϞāĻ— āĻĒাāχāĻ›িāϞ৷ āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻāχ āϏাāĻ•্āώাāϤāĻ•াā§°ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āϚিāĻ™া āĻŦুāϟāϞা āϞোāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧟ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āϕ⧰াāϤ āĻ…āύুāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖিāϤ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ৷āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞে 1972 āϚāύāϤ āĻšিāĻŽাāϞ⧟⧰ āĻ…ā§°āĻŖ্āϝ āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞ ā§°āĻ•্āώাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϚিāĻĒāĻ•ো āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ৷ āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞে āĻ…āϤিāĻ•ৈ āĻĻুāĻ–ী⧟া āĻšোā§ąাā§° āĻ…āύুāĻ­ā§ą āϞ’āĻŦ āĻŦিāϚাā§°িāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āϏেāχāĻŦাāĻŦে āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϜāĻŽাāĻĻাā§°,āϞেāĻŦাā§° āφ⧰ু āĻšāĻ•াā§° āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ৷ 1956 āϚāύāϤ, āϊāύāϤ্ā§°িāĻļ āĻŦāϛ⧰ āĻŦ⧟āϏāϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻŦিāĻŽāϞা āύāϟি⧟াāϞ⧰ āϏৈāϤে āĻŦিāĻŦাāĻšāĻĒাāĻļāϤ āφāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•েāϞāĻ—ে āϟেāĻš্‌ā§°ী āĻ—েā§°ā§ąাāϞ⧰ āϚিāϞ⧟াā§°া āĻ—াঁā§ąāϤ āφāĻļ্ā§°āĻŽ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ া āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ)



b) Write a paragraph on the eating habits of Sunderlal Bahuguna.(āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞ āĻŦāĻšুāĻ—āύাā§°  āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝাāĻ­াāϏ⧰ āĻŦিāώ⧟ে āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰া)

Ans: Sunderlal Bahugana's  eating  habits are simple. A vegetarian since eighteen, he eats only coarse, dry farming cereals like jowar and mandua, certain vegetables and pulses, and fruits and nuts. He does not eat rice and wheat, as these crops require too much or water to cultivate and there is an increasing shortage of water. He does not drink tea as it is a luxury.

(āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞ āĻŦāĻšুāĻ—āύাā§°  āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝাāĻ­াāϏ āϏāĻšāϜ āϏ⧰āϞ āφāĻ›িāϞ৷āĻ“āĻ ā§° āĻŦāϛ⧰ āĻŦ⧟āϏ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āϤেāĻ“ঁ āύিā§°াāĻŽিāώāĻ­োāϜী āφāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻļুāĻ•াāύ āĻŽাāĻšāϜাāϤী⧟ āĻļāϏ্āϝ āϝেāύে āĻ¯ā§ą,ā§°াāĻ—ি āφāĻĻি āφ⧰ু āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻļাāĻ•āĻĒাāϚāϞি,āĻĢāϞ-āĻŽূāϞ,āĻŦাāĻĻাāĻŽ āφāĻĻি āĻ–াāχāĻ›িāϞ৷āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϧাāύ āφ⧰ু āϘেāĻšুঁ āĻ–োā§ąা āύাāĻ›িāϞ āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āχāϤিāĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻĒাāύীā§° āĻ…āϤ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻĒাāύীā§° āύাāϟāύি āĻšৈāĻ›ে āφ⧰ু āϏেāχāĻŦোā§°ā§° āĻ–েāϤি āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āϝāĻĨেāώ্āϟ āĻĒাāύীā§° āĻĒ্⧰⧟োāϜāύ āĻšā§Ÿ৷āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϚাāĻšো āĻ–োā§ąা āύাāĻ›িāϞ āĻ•ি⧟āύো āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻŽāϤে āχ āĻāĻ• āĻŦিāϞাāϏিāϤা āφāĻ›িāϞ)



3. Complete the following sentences
(āϤāϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāϏāĻŽূāĻš āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϕ⧰া)
Ans: i) Sunderlal started the 'Chipko Movement' to save the forests of the Himalayas.
(āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞে āĻšিāĻŽাāϞ⧟⧰ āĻ…ā§°āĻŖ্āϝ āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞāϤ ā§°āĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰িāĻŦā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϚিāĻĒāĻ•ো āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ)

ii) The 'Chipko movement' took root in the Western Himalayas. (āϚিāĻĒāĻ•ো āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ⧰ āĻ—ুā§°ি āĻš’āϞ āĻĒāĻļ্āϚিāĻŽ āĻšিāĻŽাāϞ⧟)

ii) Sunderlal took a pledge to serve the people at the age of fifteen (āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞে āĻĒোāύ্āϧ⧰ āĻŦāϛ⧰ āĻŦ⧟āϏāϤ āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ą āϏেā§ąা āϕ⧰াā§° āĻĒāĻŖ āϞৈāĻ›িāϞ)  

iv) The name of Sunderlal's wife was Vimla Nautiyal.
(āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞ⧰ āĻĒāϤ্āύীā§° āύাāĻŽ āĻŦিāĻŽāϞা āύāϟি⧟াāϞ āφāĻ›িāϞ)

v) Uttar Pradesh hills are called the home of the 'Chipko movement'.(āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻেāĻļā§° āĻĒাāĻšাā§°āϏāĻŽূāĻš āϚিāĻĒāĻ•ো āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ⧰ āĻŽূāϞāϏ্āĻĨাāύ)



4.Write true or false.
(āϏāϤ্āϝ āύে āĻ…āϏāϤ্āϝ āϞিāĻ–া)

i) Mira Behn and Thakkar Bapa were two social workers
(āĻŽীā§°া āĻŦেāύ āφ⧰ু āĻĨাāĻ•্āĻ•াā§° āĻŦাāĻĒা āϏāĻŽাāϜāϕ⧰্āĻŽী āφāĻ›িāϞ)
Ans: True.

ii) The Chipko movement could not impress the Uttar Pradesh Government 
(āϚিāĻĒāĻ•ো āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύে āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻেāĻļā§° āϚ⧰āĻ•াā§°āĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ą āĻĒেāϞাāĻŦ āĻĒā§°া āύাāĻ›িāϞ)
Ans: False.

iii) Sunderlal started a long march in 1983. 
(1983 āϚāύāϤ āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞে āĻāĻ• āĻĻীā§°্āϘ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻŦাāĻĻী āϝাāϤ্ā§°া āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ)
Ans: False.


iv) Sunderlal's slogan was "Don't axe these oaks and pines. Nurture them, Protect them. We have to preserve them for posterity" (āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞ⧰ āĻļ্āϞ’āĻ—াāύ āφāĻ›িāϞ,"āĻāχ āĻ…’āĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻĒাāχāύāϏāĻŽূāĻš āύাāĻ•াāϟিāĻŦা৷ āĻāχāĻŦোā§°āĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻĒাāϞ āϕ⧰া āφ⧰ু ā§°āĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰া৷āφāĻŽি āĻāχāĻŦোā§°āĻ• āĻ­ā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āϜāύ্āĻŽā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰া āωāϚিāϤ)
 Ans: False.


v) Sunderlal could create environmental awareness among people. (āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞে āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āϏāϜাāĻ—āϤা āφāύিāĻ›িāϞ)

Ans: True.


Working with language

1. Below is a list of professionals. Match them with what they do: (āϤāϞāϤ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āϕ⧰্āĻŽীā§° āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰া āφāĻ›ে৷āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•āĻ• āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϕ⧰্āĻŽā§° āĻŦিāĻļেāώāϤ্āĻŦā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻŽিāϞোā§ąা)

Ans: Architect : a person who plans new buildings and is responsible for making sure that they are built properly.(āϝি⧟ে āĻ…āϟ্āϟাāϞিāĻ•া āύিā§°্āĻŽাāĻŖ āϕ⧰ে āφ⧰ু āϏেāχāĻŦোā§° āĻ­াāϞāĻĻā§°ে āĻŦāύোā§ąা āĻšৈāĻ›ে āύে āύাāχ āϏে⧟া āύিā§°িāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰ে)

Cartoonist:  someone who specializes in making amusing drawings.(āϝি⧟ে āĻšাāϏ্āϝāϕ⧰ āϚিāϤ্ā§° āĻ…ংāĻ•āύ āϕ⧰ে)

Gamekeeper: someone who handles animals professionally, especially horses.(āϝি⧟ে āϜীā§ą āϜāύ্āϤুā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻĻি⧟াāχ,āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻ•ৈ āϘোঁā§°া)

Cryptographer : someone who studies and breaks secret codes.(āϝি⧟ে āĻ—ুāĻĒ্āϤ āϏংāĻ•েāϤāĻŦোā§° āĻ…āϧ্āϝ⧟āύ āφ⧰ু āϏ⧰āϞীāϕ⧰āĻŖ āϕ⧰ে)

Numismatist : someone who studies old coins and even present currency.(āϝি⧟ে āĻĒুā§°āĻŖি āφ⧰ু āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ো āĻŽুāĻĻ্ā§°া āĻ…āϧ্āϝ⧟āύ āϕ⧰ে)

Treasurer: someone who looks after the money in an organization(āϝি⧟ে āĻ•োāύো āĻ…āύুāώ্āĻ াāύāϤ āϟāĻ•া-āĻĒāχāϚা āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧী⧟ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āϚোā§ąাāϚিāϤা āϕ⧰ে)



2.Turn the following sentences into passive voice (āĻĒā§°োāĻ•্āώ āĻŦাāϚ্āϝāϞৈ āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āϕ⧰া)

i) The police held him for the theft. (āĻĒুāϞিāϚে āϤাāĻ• āϚুā§° āϕ⧰াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϧ⧰িāϞে) 

Ans: He was held for the theft by the police.(āϏি āϚুā§°ি āϕ⧰াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒুāϞিāϚ⧰ āĻšাāϤāϤ āϧ⧰া āĻĒā§°িāϞ)


ii) The teacher is examining the answer scripts. (āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•āϜāύে āωāϤ্āϤ⧰āĻŦāĻšীāĻŦোā§° āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰ি āφāĻ›ে) 

Ans: The answer scripts are being examined by the teacher.(āωāϤ্āϤ⧰āĻŦāĻšীāĻŦোā§° āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•āϜāύ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা  āϕ⧰ি āĻĨāĻ•া āĻšৈāĻ›ে)


iii) Lucy has composed this poem. (āĻ•āĻŦিāϤাāϟো āϞুāϚি⧟ে āϞিāĻ–িāĻ›ে) 

Ans: This poem is composed by Lucy.(āĻ•āĻŦিāϤাāϟো āϞুāϚিā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϞিāĻ–া āĻšৈāĻ›ে)


v) Everybody remembers him as a great teacher. (āϏāĻ•āϞোā§ąে āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āĻāϜāύ āĻŽāĻšাāύ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻ—āĻŖ্āϝ āϕ⧰ে)  

Ans: He is remembered as a great teacher.(by everybody)(āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āϏāĻ•āϞোā§°ে āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻŽāĻšাāύ āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ• āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻ—āĻŖ্āϝ āϕ⧰া āĻšā§Ÿ)



vi) The wind had uprooted the trees.(āĻŦāϤাāĻšে āĻ—āĻ›āĻŦোā§° āωāĻ­াāϞি āĻĒেāϞাāϞে)

Ans: The trees had been uprooted by the wind.(āĻ—āĻ›āĻŦোā§° āĻŦāϤাāĻšā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āωāĻ­াāϞি āĻĒā§°িāϞ)



Fill in the blanks with correct preposition. (āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āϏংāϝোāϜāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦ্āϝ⧟েā§°ে āĻ–াāϞী āĻ াāχ āĻĒূā§° āϕ⧰া)

 a) The labourers cut the trees...an axe.

Ans: The labourers cut the trees with an axe.(āĻŦāύুā§ąাāϏāĻ•āϞে āĻ•ুāĻ াā§°েā§°ে āĻ—āĻ›āĻŦোā§° āĻ•াāϟিāϞে)


b) She wrote the letter... ink.

Ans: She wrote the letter in ink.(āϤাāχ āϚিāĻžাāĻšীā§°ে āϚিāĻ িāĻ–āύ āϞিāĻ–িāϞে)


c) Please send the letter... post.

Ans: Please send the letter by post.(āĻ…āύুāĻ—্ā§°āĻš āϕ⧰ি āϚিāĻ িāĻ–āύ āĻĄাāĻ•āϝোāĻ—ে āĻĒāĻ ি⧟াāĻŦা)



d) The letter was written...my sister.  

Ans: The letter was written by my sister.(āϚিāĻ িāĻ–āύ āĻŽোā§° āĻ­āύ্āϟীā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϞিāĻ–া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ)


e) He entered... the room.

Ans: He entered into the room.(āϏি āĻ•োāĻ াāϟোāϞৈ āϏোāĻŽাāχ āĻ—’āϞ)


A. Make as many words as you can from the word given below: (Transcendentalism)
āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟোā§°ে āϝিāĻŽাāύ āĻĒাā§°া āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ি āϞিāĻ–া) TRANSCENDENTALISM

Ans: Transcend, Dental, realism, scent, ant, end, ant, need, enter, slim, strain, rain, train, treat, mental, descend, ascend, central, line, trial, trim, rent, ran, trance, transect.


Word meaning:

Regulate- āύি⧟āύ্āϤ্ā§°āĻŖ āϕ⧰া।

Climate- āϜāϞāĻŦা⧟ু।

Soil- āĻŽাāϟি।

Washed- āϧুāχ āĻĒেāϞোā§ąা।

Prevent- āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিā§°োāϧ āϕ⧰া।

Landslides- āĻ­ূāĻŽিāϏ্āĻ–āϞāύ।

Floods- āĻŦাāύāĻĒাāύী।

Shelter- āφāĻļ্⧰⧟।

Fodder- āĻĒāĻļুāĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝ।

Fertiliser- āϏাā§°।

Fuel- āχāύ্āϧāύ।

Fibre- āφঁāĻš।

Survive- āϜী⧟াāχ āĻĨāĻ•া।

Foresee- āĻĒূā§°্āĻŦাāύুāĻŽাāύ āϕ⧰া।

Pouring- āύিāĻ—ā§°া।

Case- āϘāϟāύা।

Furniture- āφāϚāĻŦাāĻŦ।

Wonder- āφāĻļ্āϚ⧰্āϝ।

Trouble- āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝা।

Sorrow- āĻŦেāϜাā§°।

Ruin- āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ।

Movement- āĻŦিāĻĒ্āĻ˛ā§ą।

Action- āĻ•াā§°্āϝ āϕ⧰া।

Mostly- āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াংāĻļāĻ­াā§ąে।

Axes- āĻ•ুāĻ াā§°।

Clasping- āφāϕ⧰্āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰া।

Arms- āĻŦাāĻšু।

Trunk- āĻŽূāĻĸ়া।

Drag- āϟাāύি āύি⧟া।

Rushed- āĻ–ā§°āĻ–েāĻĻাāĻ•ৈ।

Protect- ā§°āĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰া।

Watchful- āϏāϤ⧰্āĻ•।

Defeated- āĻĒā§°াāϜিāϤ।

Root- āĻļিāĻĒা।

Weapon- āĻ…āϏ্āϤ্ā§°।

Step- āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ।

Struggle- āϏংāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽ।

Hill- āĻĒাāĻšাā§°।

Inspired- āĻ…āύুāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖিāϤ।

Pledge- āĻļāĻĒāϤ।

Serve- āϏেā§ąা āϕ⧰া।

Publicly- ā§°াāϜāĻšুā§ąা āĻ­াā§ąে।

Oppressed- āύিāĻĒীāĻĄ়িāϤ।

Various- āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ।

Established- āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒিāϤ।

Ashram- āφāĻļ্ā§°āĻŽ।

Carried- āĻ•āĻĸি⧟াāχ āύি⧟া।

Shoulders- āĻ•াāύ্āϧ।

Guided- āύিā§°্āĻĻেāĻļিāϤ।

Heartily- āφāύ্āϤ⧰িāĻ•āϤাā§°ে।

Both- āωāϭ⧟।

Vegetarian- āύিā§°াāĻŽিāώāĻ­োāϜী।

Coarse- āĻŽোāϟা।

Dry- āĻļুāĻ•াāύ।

Farming- āĻ–েāϤি āϕ⧰া।

Cereals- āĻļāϏ্āϝāϜাāϤী⧟ āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝ।

Certain- āύিā§°্āĻĻিāώ্āϟ।

Pulses- āĻĻাāϞি।

Nuts- āĻŦাāĻĻাāĻŽ।

Wheat- āϘেঁāĻšু।

Crops- āĻļāϏ্āϝ।

Require- āĻĒ্⧰⧟োāϜāύ।

Cultivate- āĻ–েāϤি āϕ⧰া।

Increase- āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি āϕ⧰া।

Shortage- āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĒā§°া।

Luxury- āĻŦিāϞাāϏিāϤা।

Costs- āĻ–ā§°āϚ।

Hire- āĻ­াāĻĄ়া āϕ⧰া।

Impressed- āĻĒ্ā§°āĻ­াā§ąিāϤ।

Commercial- āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝিāĻ•।

Purposes- āωāĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āϝ।

Entire- āϏāĻŽāĻ—্ā§°।

Different- āĻ…āύ্āϝ।

March- āĻ–োāϜāĻ•āĻĸ়া।

Educative- āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāĻŽূāϞāĻ•।

Damage- āĻ•্āώāϤি।

Route- āĻĒāĻĨ।

Create- āϏৃāώ্āϟি āϕ⧰া।

Environmental- āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļāĻ—āϤ।

Awareness- āϏāϚেāϤāύāϤা।

Need- āĻĒ্⧰⧟োāϜāύ।

Afforestation- āĻŦāύাāύীāϕ⧰āĻŖ।

Air- āĻŦা⧟ু।

Folk- āϞোāĻ•।

Preserve- āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖ।

Posterity- āĻŦংāĻļāϧ⧰।

 


Word meaning by- Punya Hazarika.

Check by - Mukesh Borah

Himadri Borah
(M.A in English)