Ans: The five Fs given by trees are food, fodder, fertiliser , fuel and fibre.(āĻāĻā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻĒোā§ąা āĻĒাঁāĻāĻা F āĻš’āϞ āĻাāĻĻ্āϝ,āĻীā§ą-āĻāύ্āϤ⧰ āĻাāĻĻ্āϝ,āϏাā§°,āĻāύ্āϧāύ,āĻঁāĻš)
ii) Who was Sunderlal Bahuguna?
(āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞ āĻŦāĻšুāĻāύা āĻোāύ?)
Ans: Sunderlal Bahuguna was the founder of Chipko movement.(āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞ āĻŦāĻšুāĻāύা āĻিāĻĒāĻো āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ াāϤা)
Ans: Sunderlal started the Chipko movement in 1972.(āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞে 1972 āĻāύāϤ āĻিāĻĒāĻো āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ⧰ āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻāĻŖি āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ)
v) When and where was Sunderlal Bahuguna born? (āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞ āĻŦāĻšুāĻāύাā§° āĻāύ্āĻŽ āĻ’āϤ āĻā§°ু āĻেāϤিā§া āĻšৈāĻিāϞ?)
Ans: Sunderlal was born on 9 January, 1927, in a small hill village, Marora, on the banks of the Bhagirathi in Tehri Garhwal.
vi) Who inspired Sunderlal to take pledge to serve the people? (āĻোāύে āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞāĻ āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ąāϏেā§ąাāϤ āĻŦ্ā§°āϤী āĻš’āĻŦāϞৈ āĻ āύুāĻĒ্ā§°েā§°āĻŖা āĻĻিāĻিāϞ?)
Ans: Dev Suman,a young Gandhian inspired Sunderlal to take pledge to serve the people.(āĻĻেā§ą āϏুāĻŽāύ āύাāĻŽā§° āĻāĻāύ āĻাāύ্āϧীāĻŦাāĻĻী āϞোāĻে āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞāĻ āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ąāϏেā§ąাāϤ āĻŦ্ā§°āϤী āĻš’āĻŦāϞৈ āĻ āύুāĻĒ্ā§°েā§°āĻŖা āĻĻিāĻিāϞ)
vii) What inspired Sunderlal to open a school for scavengers? (āĻোāύে āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞāĻ āĻāĻা-āĻিāĻা āĻŦুāĻāϞা āϞোāĻāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧠āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ āĻā§°াāϤ āĻ āύুāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ?)
Ans: Two social workers, Mira Behn and Thakkar Bapa inspired Sunderlal to open a school for scavengers.(āĻŽীā§°া āĻŦেāύ āĻā§°ু āĻĨাāĻ্āĻাā§° āĻŦাāĻĒা āύাāĻŽā§° āĻĻুুāĻāύ āϏāĻŽাāĻāĻā§°্āĻŽীā§ে āϤেāĻঁāĻ āĻāĻা-āĻিāĻা āĻŦুāĻāϞা āϞোāĻāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞ⧠āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ āĻā§°াāϤ āĻ āύুāĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖিāϤ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ)
viil) What did the villagers do to protect trees? (āĻাঁāĻāĻŦাāϏীā§ে āĻেāύেāĻĻā§°ে āĻāĻāĻŦোā§° ā§°āĻ্āώা āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ?)
Ans: To prevent a forest of trees from being cut, villagers mostly women - formed themselves into small groups of three or four. When the workers arrived and advanced towards the trees with their axes, the villagers hugged the trees, clasping their arms round the tree trunk.
2.a) Write a paragraph on the life and works of Sunderlal Bahuguna. (āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞ āĻŦāĻšুāĻāύাā§° āĻীā§ąāύ āĻā§°ু āĻā§°্āĻŽā§° āĻŦিāώā§ে āĻāĻা āĻোāĻা āϞিāĻা)
Ans: Sunderlal was born on 9 January, 1927, in a small hill village, Marora, on the banks of the Bhagirathi in Tehri Garhwal. In 1942, Dev Suman, a young Gandhian, came to Sunderlal's village and spoke about Gandhiji and the Swadeshi movement. He inspired Sunderlal, who was then only fifteen, to take a pledge to serve the people.Sunderlal soon began to speak publicly of improving the lot of the poor and oppressed villagers. When he was twenty, Sunderlal came in contact with two other social workers, Mira Behn and Thakkar Bapa. The meeting inspired him to open a school for bhangis (scavengers).Sunderlal started the Chipko movement in 1972 to save the forests of the Himalayas. Sunderlal wanted to know what it meant to be really poor and so at various times, he worked as a zamadar, a labourer, and a hawker. In 1956, at twenty-nine, he married Vimla Nautiyal, and together, they established an ashram in Silyara village of Tehri Garhwal.
b) Write a paragraph on the eating habits of Sunderlal Bahuguna.(āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞ āĻŦāĻšুāĻāύাā§° āĻাāĻĻ্āϝাāĻাāϏ⧰ āĻŦিāώā§ে āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°া)
Ans: Sunderlal Bahugana's eating habits are simple. A vegetarian since eighteen, he eats only coarse, dry farming cereals like jowar and mandua, certain vegetables and pulses, and fruits and nuts. He does not eat rice and wheat, as these crops require too much or water to cultivate and there is an increasing shortage of water. He does not drink tea as it is a luxury.
ii) The 'Chipko movement' took root in the Western Himalayas. (āĻিāĻĒāĻো āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ⧰ āĻুā§°ি āĻš’āϞ āĻĒāĻļ্āĻিāĻŽ āĻšিāĻŽাāϞā§)
ii) Sunderlal took a pledge to serve the people at the age of fifteen (āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞে āĻĒোāύ্āϧ⧰ āĻŦāĻā§° āĻŦā§āϏāϤ āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ą āϏেā§ąা āĻā§°াā§° āĻĒāĻŖ āϞৈāĻিāϞ)
iv) The name of Sunderlal's wife was Vimla Nautiyal.
v) Uttar Pradesh hills are called the home of the 'Chipko movement'.(āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻেāĻļā§° āĻĒাāĻšাā§°āϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻিāĻĒāĻো āĻāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ⧰ āĻŽূāϞāϏ্āĻĨাāύ)
4.Write true or false.
(āϏāϤ্āϝ āύে āĻ āϏāϤ্āϝ āϞিāĻা)
i) Mira Behn and Thakkar Bapa were two social workers
iv) Sunderlal's slogan was "Don't axe these oaks and pines. Nurture them, Protect them. We have to preserve them for posterity" (āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞ⧰ āĻļ্āϞ’āĻাāύ āĻāĻিāϞ,"āĻāĻ āĻ ’āĻ āĻā§°ু āĻĒাāĻāύāϏāĻŽূāĻš āύাāĻাāĻিāĻŦা৷ āĻāĻāĻŦোā§°āĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāĻĒাāϞ āĻā§°া āĻā§°ু ā§°āĻ্āώা āĻā§°া৷āĻāĻŽি āĻāĻāĻŦোā§°āĻ āĻā§ąিāώ্āϝāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻāύ্āĻŽā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϏংā§°āĻ্āώāĻŖ āĻā§°া āĻāĻিāϤ)
Ans: False.
v) Sunderlal could create environmental awareness among people. (āϏুāύ্āĻĻā§°āϞাāϞে āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻĒā§°িā§ąেāĻļ āϏāĻাāĻāϤা āĻāύিāĻিāϞ)
Ans: True.
Working with language
1. Below is a list of professionals. Match them with what they do: (āϤāϞāϤ āĻŦিāĻিāύ্āύ āĻā§°্āĻŽীā§° āĻāϞ্āϞেāĻ āĻā§°া āĻāĻে৷āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻāĻ āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻā§° āĻā§°্āĻŽā§° āĻŦিāĻļেāώāϤ্āĻŦā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻŽিāϞোā§ąা)
Ans: Architect : a person who plans new buildings and is responsible for making sure that they are built properly.(āϝিā§ে āĻ āĻ্āĻাāϞিāĻা āύিā§°্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻā§°ে āĻā§°ু āϏেāĻāĻŦোā§° āĻাāϞāĻĻā§°ে āĻŦāύোā§ąা āĻšৈāĻে āύে āύাāĻ āϏেā§া āύিā§°িāĻ্āώāĻŖ āĻā§°ে)
Cartoonist: someone who specializes in making amusing drawings.(āϝিā§ে āĻšাāϏ্āϝāĻā§° āĻিāϤ্ā§° āĻ ংāĻāύ āĻā§°ে)
Gamekeeper: someone who handles animals professionally, especially horses.(āϝিā§ে āĻীā§ą āĻāύ্āϤুā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻŖ āĻĻিā§াāĻ,āĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻৈ āĻোঁā§°া)
Cryptographer : someone who studies and breaks secret codes.(āϝিā§ে āĻুāĻĒ্āϤ āϏংāĻেāϤāĻŦোā§° āĻ āϧ্āϝā§āύ āĻā§°ু āϏ⧰āϞীāĻā§°āĻŖ āĻā§°ে)
Numismatist : someone who studies old coins and even present currency.(āϝিā§ে āĻĒুā§°āĻŖি āĻā§°ু āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ো āĻŽুāĻĻ্ā§°া āĻ āϧ্āϝā§āύ āĻā§°ে)
Treasurer: someone who looks after the money in an organization(āϝিā§ে āĻোāύো āĻ āύুāώ্āĻ াāύāϤ āĻāĻা-āĻĒāĻāĻা āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧীā§ āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻোā§ąাāĻিāϤা āĻā§°ে)
2.Turn the following sentences into passive voice (āĻĒā§°োāĻ্āώ āĻŦাāĻ্āϝāϞৈ āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤāύ āĻā§°া)
i) The police held him for the theft. (āĻĒুāϞিāĻে āϤাāĻ āĻুā§° āĻā§°াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āϧ⧰িāϞে)
Ans: He was held for the theft by the police.(āϏি āĻুā§°ি āĻā§°াā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒুāϞিāĻā§° āĻšাāϤāϤ āϧ⧰া āĻĒā§°িāϞ)
ii) The teacher is examining the answer scripts. (āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻāĻāύে āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰āĻŦāĻšীāĻŦোā§° āĻĒā§°ীāĻ্āώা āĻā§°ি āĻāĻে)
Ans: The answer scripts are being examined by the teacher.(āĻāϤ্āϤ⧰āĻŦāĻšীāĻŦোā§° āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻāĻāύ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻĒā§°ীāĻ্āώা āĻā§°ি āĻĨāĻা āĻšৈāĻে)
iii) Lucy has composed this poem. (āĻāĻŦিāϤাāĻো āϞুāĻিā§ে āϞিāĻিāĻে)
Ans: This poem is composed by Lucy.(āĻāĻŦিāϤাāĻো āϞুāĻিā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϞিāĻা āĻšৈāĻে)
v) Everybody remembers him as a great teacher. (āϏāĻāϞোā§ąে āϤেāĻঁāĻ āĻāĻāύ āĻŽāĻšাāύ āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻ āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āĻāĻŖ্āϝ āĻā§°ে)
Ans: He is remembered as a great teacher.(by everybody)(āϤেāĻঁāĻ āϏāĻāϞোā§°ে āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻŽāĻšাāύ āĻļিāĻ্āώāĻ āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āĻāĻŖ্āϝ āĻā§°া āĻšā§)
vi) The wind had uprooted the trees.(āĻŦāϤাāĻšে āĻāĻāĻŦোā§° āĻāĻাāϞি āĻĒেāϞাāϞে)
Ans: The trees had been uprooted by the wind.(āĻāĻāĻŦোā§° āĻŦāϤাāĻšā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻāĻাāϞি āĻĒā§°িāϞ)
Fill in the blanks with correct preposition. (āĻāĻĒāϝুāĻ্āϤ āϏংāϝোāĻāĻ āĻ āĻŦ্āϝā§েā§°ে āĻাāϞী āĻ াāĻ āĻĒূā§° āĻā§°া)
a) The labourers cut the trees...an axe.
Ans: The labourers cut the trees with an axe.(āĻŦāύুā§ąাāϏāĻāϞে āĻুāĻ াā§°েā§°ে āĻāĻāĻŦোā§° āĻাāĻিāϞে)
b) She wrote the letter... ink.
Ans: She wrote the letter in ink.(āϤাāĻ āĻিāĻাāĻšীā§°ে āĻিāĻ িāĻāύ āϞিāĻিāϞে)
c) Please send the letter... post.
Ans: Please send the letter by post.(āĻ āύুāĻ্ā§°āĻš āĻā§°ি āĻিāĻ িāĻāύ āĻĄাāĻāϝোāĻে āĻĒāĻ িā§াāĻŦা)
d) The letter was written...my sister.
Ans: The letter was written by my sister.(āĻিāĻ িāĻāύ āĻŽোā§° āĻāύ্āĻীā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϞিāĻা āĻšৈāĻিāϞ)
e) He entered... the room.
Ans: He entered into the room.(āϏি āĻোāĻ াāĻোāϞৈ āϏোāĻŽাāĻ āĻ’āϞ)
A. Make as many words as you can from the word given below: (Transcendentalism)