The Bond of Love 

Chapter- 9

Thinking about the Text

(āĻ…ā§ąāĻļেāώāϤ āĻ•িāĻšে āĻ—āĻ›āĻĄাāϞ āĻŽাā§°ি āĻĒেāϞাāϝ়)


1. Given in the box are some headings. Find the relevant paragraphs in the text to match the headings.

(āĻŦাāĻ•āϚāϟোāϤ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻļিā§°োāύাāĻŽ āφāĻ›ে। āĻļীā§°্āώāĻ•āϏāĻŽূāĻšā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻŽিāϞাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒাāĻ ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°াāϏāĻ™্āĻ—িāĻ• āĻ…āύুāϚ্āĻ›েāĻĻāϏāĻŽূāĻš āĻŦিāϚাā§°āĻ•)


 

II. Answer the following questions.

(āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύāĻŦোā§°ā§° āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•)


1. "I got him for her by accident." 

("āĻŽāχ āĻĻুā§°্āϘāϟāύাāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽে āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āϤাāχ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒাāχāĻ›িāϞো")

 

(i) Who says this?

(āĻ•োāύে āĻāχāϟো āĻ•āϝ়)

Ans-


(ii) Who do 'him' and 'her' refer to?

(āĻ•োāύে 'āϤেāĻ“ঁ' āφ⧰ু 'āϤাāχ' āϕ⧰ে)

Ans-


 (iii) What is the incident referred to here?

(āχāϝ়াāϤ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰া āϘāϟāύাāϟো āĻ•ি)

Ans-


2. "He stood on his head in delight."

("āϤেāĻ“ঁ āφāύāύ্āĻĻিāϤ āĻšৈ āĻŽূā§°āϤ āĻĨিāϝ় āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ")


 (i) Who does 'he' refer to?

(āĻ•োāύে 'āϤেāĻ“ঁ' āĻŦুāϜাāϝ়)

Ans-


(ii) Why was he delighted?.

(āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ•িāϝ় āφāύāύ্āĻĻিāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ)

Ans-


3. "We all missed him greatly: but in a sense we were relieved." 

("āφāĻŽি āϏāĻ•āϞোā§ąে āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āĻŦāĻšুāϤ āĻ…āύুāĻ­ā§ą āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞোঁ: āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻāĻ• āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāϤ āφāĻŽি āϏāĻ•াāĻš āĻĒাāχāĻ›িāϞ")

 

(i) Who does 'we all' stand for?

(āĻ•োāύে 'āφāĻŽি āϏāĻ•āϞোā§ąে' āĻĨিāϝ় āĻĻিāĻ“ঁ)

Ans-


(ii) Who did they miss?

(āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻ•াāĻ• āĻšেā§°ুā§ąাāϞে)

Ans-


(iii) Why did they nevertheless feel relieved?

(āϤāĻĨাāĻĒিāĻ“ āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻ•িāϝ় āϏāĻ•াāĻš āĻ…āύুāĻ­ā§ą āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ)

Ans-


III. Answer the following questions in 30 to 40 words each.

(āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύāĻŦোā§°ā§° āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ 30 ā§° āĻĒā§°া 40 āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϤ āĻĻিāĻŦ)


1. On two occasions Bruno ate/drank something that should not be eaten/ drunk. What happened to him on these occasions?

(āĻĻুāĻŦাā§° āĻŦ্ā§°ুāύোā§ąে āĻ•িāĻŦা āĻ–াāχāĻ›িāϞ/āĻĒাāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ āϝিāϟো āĻ–াāĻŦ āύাāϞাāĻ—ে/ āĻŽাāϤাāϞ āĻš'āĻŦ āύাāϞাāĻ—ে। āĻāχ āĻ…āύুāώ্āĻ াāύāĻŦোā§°āϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻ•ি āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ)

Ans-


2. Was Bruno a loving and playful pet? Why, then, did he have to be sent away?

(āĻŦ্ā§°ুāύো āĻāϜāύ āĻŽā§°āĻŽীāϝ়াāϞ āφ⧰ু āĻ–েāϞুā§ąৈ āĻĒোāĻšāύীāϝ়া āϜāύ্āϤু āφāĻ›িāϞ āύেāĻ•ি? āϤেāύেāĻš'āϞে āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āĻ•িāϝ় āĻĒāĻ িāϝ়াāĻŦ āϞāĻ—া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ)

Ans-


 3. How was the problem of what to do with Bruno finally solved?

(āĻ…ā§ąāĻļেāώāϤ āĻŦ্ā§°ুāύোā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻ•ি āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে āϤাā§° āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϝাāϟো āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āϏāĻŽাāϧাāύ āĻš'āϞ)

 Ans-


Thinking about Language

(āĻ­াāώাā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āϚিāύ্āϤা āϕ⧰া)


I. 1. Find these words in the lesson. They all have ie or ei in them.

(āĻĒাāĻ āϤ āĻāχ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŦোā§° āĻŦিāϚাā§°ি āωāϞিāϝ়াāĻ“āĻ•। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϏāĻ•āϞোā§°ে āĻŽাāϜāϤ āφāχ āĻŦা āχ āφāĻ›ে) 

 


2. Now here are some more words. Complete them with el or ie. Consult a dictionary if necessary.

 (āĻāϤিāϝ়া āχāϝ়াāϤ āφ⧰ু āĻ•েāχāϟাāĻŽাāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āφāĻ›ে। āϏেāχāĻŦোā§° āĻāϞ āĻŦা āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨাā§Ž ā§°ে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ•। āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύ āĻš'āϞে āĻ…āĻ­িāϧাāύ āĻāϟাā§° āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļ āϞāĻ“ঁāĻ•)


 

(There is a popular rule of spelling: 'T' before 'e' except after 'c'. Check if this rule is true by looking at the words above.)

(āĻŦাāύাāύ⧰ āĻāϟা āϜāύāĻĒ্ā§°িāϝ় āύিāϝ়āĻŽ āφāĻ›ে: 'āĻ—'ā§° āĻŦাāĻšিā§°ে 'āχ'ā§° āφāĻ—āϤে 'āϟি'। āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŦোā§° āϚাāχ āĻāχ āύিāϝ়āĻŽāϟো āϏঁāϚা āύে āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰āĻ•)


II. Here are some words with silent letters. Learn their spelling. Your teacher will dictate these words to you. Write them down and underline the silent letters.

 (āχāϝ়াāϤ āύীā§°ā§ą āφāĻ–ā§°ā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŽাāύ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āφāĻ›ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āĻŦাāύাāύ āĻļিāĻ•āĻ•। āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•ে āĻāχ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŦোā§° āφāĻĒোāύাāĻ• āύিā§°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻĻিāĻŦ। āϏেāχāĻŦোā§° āϞিāĻ–āĻ• āφ⧰ু āύীā§°ā§ą āφāĻ–ā§°āĻŦোā§° ā§°েāĻ–াāĻ™্āĻ•িāϤ āϕ⧰āĻ•)


 

III. How to look at an Index

(āϏূāϚী āĻāϟা āĻ•েāύেāĻĻā§°ে āϚাāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে)


 An index is a list of names or topics that are to be found in a book. It is a list arranged in alphabetical order at the end of a book.

(āϏূāϚী āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻ•িāϤাāĻĒ āĻāĻ–āύāϤ āĻĒোā§ąা āύাāĻŽ āĻŦা āĻŦিāώāϝ়ā§° āϤাāϞিāĻ•া। āχ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ•িāϤাāĻĒā§° āĻļেāώāϤ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖাāύুāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽিāĻ• āĻ•্ā§°āĻŽāϤ āϏāϜ্āϜিāϤ āĻāĻ–āύ āϤাāϞিāĻ•া)


The following paragraph shows that the doctor is consulting the index of a medical book to find out which injection is appropriate for Bruno.

 (āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻ…āύুāϚ্āĻ›েāĻĻāϟোā§ąে āĻĻেāĻ–ুā§ąাāχāĻ›ে āϝে āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏāĻ•ে āĻŦ্ā§°ুāύোā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻ•োāύāϟো āĻŦেāϜী āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āϏেāχāϟো āϜাāύিāĻŦāϞৈ āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏা āĻ•িāϤাāĻĒ āĻāĻ–āύ⧰ āϏূāϚীā§° āĻĒā§°াāĻŽā§°্āĻļ āϞৈ āφāĻ›ে)


"Out came his medical books, and a feverish reference to index began: What poison did you say, sir?" "Barium carbonate". "Ah yes-B-Ba Barium Salts-Ah! Barium carbonate! Symptoms-paralysis treatment-injections of... Just a minute, sir. I'll bring my syringe and the medicine."

 ("āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏীāϝ় āĻ•িāϤাāĻĒāĻŦোā§° āĻ“āϞাāχ āφāĻšিāϞ, āφ⧰ু āϏূāϚীā§° āĻāĻ• āϤীāĻŦ্ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āϏংāĻ— āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āĻš'āϞ: āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ•ি āĻŦিāώাāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻ•ৈāĻ›িāϞ, āϚাā§°?" "āĻŦেā§°িāϝ়াāĻŽ āĻ•াā§°্āĻŦāύেāϟ"। "āφāĻš āĻšāϝ়-āĻŦি-āĻŦা āĻŦেā§°িāϝ়াāĻŽ āϚāϞ্āϟāĻ›-āφāĻš! āĻŦেā§°িāϝ়াāĻŽ āĻ•াā§°্āĻŦāύেāϟ! āϞāĻ•্āώāĻŖ-āĻĒāĻ•্āώাāϘাāϤ āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏা-āĻŦেāϜী... āĻŽাāϤ্ā§° āĻāĻ• āĻŽিāύিāϟ, āĻ›াā§°। āĻŽāχ āĻŽোā§° āϚিā§°িāĻž্āϜ āφ⧰ু āĻ”āώāϧ āφāύিāĻŽ")


1. You have read about the French Revolution and you want to know more about the Third Estate in the context of the French Revolution. You can refer to the index of the book Living World History by T. Walter Wallbank and Arnold Schrier:

(āφāĻĒুāύি āĻĢā§°াāϚী āĻŦিāĻĒ্āĻ˛ā§ąā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻĒāĻĸ়িāĻ›ে āφ⧰ু āφāĻĒুāύি āĻĢā§°াāϚী āĻŦিāĻĒ্āĻ˛ā§ąā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻĒ্ā§°েāĻ•্āώিāϤāϤ āϤৃāϤীāϝ় āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ্āϤিā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āϜাāύিāĻŦ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ে। āφāĻĒুāύি āϟি ā§ąাāϞ্āϟাā§° ā§ąাāϞāĻŦেংāĻ• āφ⧰ু āφ⧰্āύāϞ্āĻĄ āĻļ্āĻŦাāϝ়াā§°ā§° āϞিāĻ­িং ā§ąā§°্āϞ্āĻĄ āĻšিāώ্āϟ্ā§°ি āύাāĻŽā§° āĻ•িāϤাāĻĒāĻ–āύ⧰ āϏূāϚী āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে)

page no, 813                      

 

 page no. 826                 


On which pages in this book will you find information about the French Revolution and the Third Estate?

(āĻāχ āĻ•িāϤাāĻĒāĻ–āύ⧰ āĻ•োāύāĻŦোā§° āĻĒৃāώ্āĻ াāϤ āφāĻĒুāύি āĻĢā§°াāϚী āĻŦিāĻĒ্āĻ˛ā§ą āφ⧰ু āϤৃāϤীāϝ় āχāώ্āϟেāϟ⧰ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻĒাāĻŦ)


2. To know what 'Food Security' and 'Minimum Support Price' mean in the context of the economic growth of a country you can go to the subject index given below from Poverty and Famines - An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation by Amartya Sen. Under which heading in the index are you likely to find these topics?

 (āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĻেāĻļā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ•াāĻļā§° āĻĒā§°িāĻĒ্ā§°েāĻ•্āώিāϤāϤ 'āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝ āϏুā§°āĻ•্āώা' āφ⧰ু 'āύিāĻŽ্āύāϤāĻŽ āϏāĻŽā§°্āĻĨāύ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝ'ā§° āĻ…ā§°্āĻĨ āĻ•ি āϜাāύিāĻŦāϞৈ āφāĻĒুāύি āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§°āϤা āφ⧰ু āĻĻুā§°্āĻ­িāĻ•্āώ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻŦিāώāϝ় āϏূāϚāĻ•āϞৈ āϝাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে - āĻ…āĻŽā§°্āϤ্āϝ āϏেāύ⧰ āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াā§° āφ⧰ু āĻŦāĻž্āϚāύাā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻāϟা āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦāύ্āϧ। āϝাā§° āĻ…āϧীāύāϤ āφāĻĒুāύি āĻāχ āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻŦোā§° āĻŦিāϚাā§°ি āĻĒোā§ąাā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­াā§ąāύা āφāĻ›ে)



3. Given below is a portion of an index page from the book. French's Index of Differential Diagnosis, edited by F. Dudley Hart M.D., F.R.C.P.

 (āϤāϞāϤ āĻ•িāϤাāĻĒāĻ–āύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻāϟা āϏূāϚী āĻĒৃāώ্āĻ াā§° āĻāϟা āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻ›ে। āĻāĻĢ. āĻĄুāĻĄāϞি āĻšাā§°্āϟ āĻāĻŽ.āĻĄি., āĻāĻĢ.āφ⧰.āϚি.āĻĒি.-ā§° āĻĻ্āĻŦাā§°া āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻĻিāϤ āĻĢ্ā§°াāύ্āϏ⧰ āĻĄিāĻĢাā§°েāύ্āϏিāϝ়েāϞ ā§°োāĻ— āύিā§°্āĻŖāϝ়ā§° āϏূāϚāĻ•)


Study the entries and find out whether the following topics are discussed in the book.

 (āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŦিāώ্āϟিāĻŦোā§° āĻ…āϧ্āϝāϝ়āύ āϕ⧰āĻ• āφ⧰ু āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻŦিāώāϝ়āĻŦোā§° āĻ•িāϤাāĻĒāĻ–āύāϤ āφāϞোāϚāύা āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে āύে āύাāχ āϜাāύি āϞāĻ“ঁāĻ•)


(i) bronchitis due to cigarette smoking 

(āϚিāĻ—াā§°েāϟ āϧূāĻŽāĻĒাāύ⧰ āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻŦ্ā§°ংāĻ•াāχāϟিāĻ› )


(ii) failure due to bronchitis

 (āĻŦ্ā§°ংāĻ•াāχāϟিāϛ⧰ āĻĢāϞāϤ āĻŦিāĻĢāϞāϤা)


(iii) bronchitis in children

(āĻļিāĻļুā§° āĻ•্āώেāϤ্ā§°āϤ āĻŦ্ā§°ংāĻ•াāχāϟিāĻ›)


IV. 1.The Narrative Present

 (āĻĻ্āϝ āύেā§°েāϟিāĻ­ āĻĒ্ā§°েāϜেāĻŖ্āϟ)


Notice the incomplete sentences in the following paragraphs. Here the writer is using incomplete sentences in the narration to make the incident more dramatic or immediate. Can you rewrite the paragraph in complete sentences?

 (āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻ…āύুāϚ্āĻ›েāĻĻāĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāĻŦোā§° āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āϕ⧰āĻ•। āχāϝ়াāϤ āϞেāĻ–āĻ•ে āϘāϟāύাāϟো āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āύাāϟāĻ•ীāϝ় āĻŦা āϤাā§ŽāĻ•্āώāĻŖিāĻ• āϕ⧰ি āϤুāϞিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύাāϤ āĻ…āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ি āφāĻ›ে। āφāĻĒুāύি āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāϤ āĻĒেā§°াāĻ—্ā§°াāĻĢāϟো āĻĒুāύ⧰ āϞিāĻ–িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦāύে)


(You can begin: The vet and I made a dash back to the car. Bruno was still floundering...)

 (āφāĻĒুāύি āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে: āĻĒāĻļু āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏāĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻŽāχ āĻ—াāĻĄ়ীāϞৈ āωāĻ­āϤি āφāĻšিāϞোঁ। āĻŦ্ā§°ুāύো āϤেāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“ āĻĢ্āϞাāωāĻŖ্āĻĄাā§° āĻšৈ āφāĻ›িāϞ...)


(1) A dash back to the car. Bruno still floundering about on his stumps, but clearly weakening rapidly: some vomiting, heavy breathing, with heaving flanks and gaping mouth.

 (āĻ—াāĻĄ়ীāϞৈ āωāĻ­āϤি āφāĻšিāϞ। āĻŦ্ā§°ুāύো āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“ āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āώ্āϟাāĻŽ্āĻĒāϤ āωāϚুāĻĒি āφāĻ›ে, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟāĻ­াā§ąে āĻĻ্ā§°ুāϤāĻ—āϤিāϤ āĻĻুā§°্āĻŦāϞ āĻšৈ āĻĒā§°িāĻ›ে: āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦāĻŽি, āĻ—āϧুā§° āωāĻļাāĻš, āĻ—āϧুā§° āĻĢাāϞ āφ⧰ু āĻŽুāĻ– ā§°āĻ–া)


Hold him, everybody! In goes the hypodermic-Bruno squeals 10 c.c. of the antidote enters his system without a drop being wasted. Ten minutes later: condition unchanged! Another 10 c.c injected! Ten minutes later: breathing less stertorous Bruno can move his arms and legs a little although he cannot stand yet. Thirty minutes later: Bruno gets up and has a great feed! He looks at us disdainfully, as much as to say, 'What's barium carbonate to a big black bear like me? Bruno is still eating.


 (āϤাāĻ• āϧ⧰ি ā§°াāĻ–āĻ•, āϏāĻ•āϞোā§ąে! āχāϝ়াāϤ āĻšাāχāĻĒোāĻĄাā§°্āĻŽিāĻ•-āĻŦ্ā§°ুāύোā§ąে 10 āϚি.āϚি. āϚিāĻžā§°ে। āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώেāϧāĻ•āϟো āĻāϟোāĻĒাāϞ āĻ…āĻĒāϚāϝ় āύোāĻšোā§ąাāĻ•ৈ āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻŖাāϞীāϤ āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąেāĻļ āϕ⧰ে। āĻĻāĻš āĻŽিāύিāϟ āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ: āĻ…ā§ąāϏ্āĻĨা āĻ…āĻĒā§°িā§ąā§°্āϤিāϤ! āφāύ 10 āϚি.āϚি. āĻŦেāϜী āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻ›ে! āĻĻāĻš āĻŽিāύিāϟāĻĒিāĻ›āϤ: āĻ•āĻŽ āώ্āϟেā§°āϟোā§°াāĻ› āĻŦ্ā§°ুāύোāĻ‰ā§ąে āωāĻļাāĻš āϞ⧰āϚ⧰ āϕ⧰িāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“ āĻĨিāϝ় āĻš'āĻŦ āύোā§ąাā§°ে। āϤ্ā§°িāĻļ āĻŽিāύিāϟāĻĒিāĻ›āϤ: āĻŦ্ā§°ুāύো āωāĻ িāϞ āφ⧰ু āĻāϟা āĻ­াāϞ āĻ–াāĻĻ্āϝ āĻ–াāϞে! āϤেāĻ“ঁ āφāĻŽাāϞৈ āϘৃāĻŖাā§°ে āϚাāϞে, āϝিāĻŽাāύ āĻ•'āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে, 'āĻŽোā§° āĻĻā§°ে āĻĄাāϙ⧰ āĻ•'āϞা āĻ­াāϞুāϕ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦেā§°িāϝ়াāĻŽ āĻ•াā§°্āĻŦāύেāϟ āĻ•ি? āĻŦ্ā§°ুāύোā§ąে āĻāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“ āĻ–াāχ āφāĻ›ে)


(ii) In the paragraphs above from the story the verbs are in the present tense (eg. hold, goes, etc.). This gives the reader an impression of immediacy. The present tense is often used when we give a commentary on a game (cricket, football, etc.), or tell a story as if it is happening now. It is, therefore, called the narrative present.

 (āĻ•াāĻšিāύীāϟোā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°ā§° āĻĒেā§°াāĻ—্ā§°াāĻĢāĻŦোā§°āϤ āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়াāĻŦোā§° āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϞāϤ āφāĻ›ে (āϝেāύে āϧ⧰ি ā§°াāĻ–āĻ•, āϝাāϝ় āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি)। āĻāχāϟোā§ąে āĻĒাāĻ āĻ•āĻ• āĻ…āϏāϤāϤাā§° āĻāĻ• āϧাā§°āĻŖা āĻĻিāϝ়ে। āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āφāĻŽি āĻ–েāϞ āĻāĻ–āύ⧰ (āĻ•্ā§°িāĻ•েāϟ, āĻĢুāϟāĻŦāϞ āφāĻĻি) āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ­াāώ্āϝ āĻĻিāĻ“ঁ, āĻŦা āĻ•াāĻšিāύী āĻāϟা āĻ•āĻ“ঁ āϝেāύ āĻāϤিāϝ়া āĻšৈ āφāĻ›ে āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻ•াāϞāϟো āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰া āĻšāϝ়। āϏেāϝ়েāĻšে āχāϝ়াāĻ• āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ⧰ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻŦুāϞি āĻ•োā§ąা āĻšāϝ়)


You will read more about the present tense in Unit 10.

(āφāĻĒুāύি āχāωāύিāϟ 10-āϤ āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻ•াāϞ⧰ āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻĒāĻĸ়িāĻŦ)


2. Adverbs

(āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়াāĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ)


Find the adverbs in the passage below. (You've read about adverbs in Unit 1.) We thought that everything was over when suddenly a black sloth bear came out panting in the hot sun. Now I will not shoot a sloth-bear wantonly but, unfortunately for the poor beast, one of my companions did not feel that way about it, and promptly shot the bear on the spot.

 āϤāϞ⧰ āĻĒাāĻ াংāĻļāϤ āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়াāĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖāĻŦোā§° āĻŦিāϚাā§°ি āωāϞিāϝ়াāĻ“āĻ•। (āφāĻĒুāύি āχāωāύিāϟ 1-āϤ āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়াāĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āĻĒāĻĸ়িāĻ›ে।) āφāĻŽি āĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ›িāϞো āϝে āϏāĻ•āϞো āĻļেāώ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻšāĻ াāϤে āĻ—ā§°āĻŽ ā§°'āĻĻāϤ āĻšাঁāĻĒিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāϟা āĻ•'āϞা āĻļ্āϞāĻĨ āĻ­াāϞুāĻ• āĻ“āϞাāχ āφāĻšিāϞ। āĻāϤিāϝ়া āĻŽāχ āĻ•েā§ąāϞ āĻļ্āϞāĻĨ-āĻ­াāϞুāĻ•āĻāϟাāĻ• āĻ—ুāϞীāϝ়াāχ āύিāĻĻিāĻŽ āĻ•িāύ্āϤু, āĻĻুā§°্āĻ­াāĻ—্āϝāĻŦāĻļāϤঃ āĻĻā§°িāĻĻ্ā§° āϜāύ্āϤুāϟোā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে, āĻŽোā§° āĻāϜāύ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ীāϝ়ে āχāϝ়াā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āϤেāύে āĻ…āύুāĻ­ā§ą āϕ⧰া āύাāĻ›িāϞ, āφ⧰ু āϞāĻ—ে āϞāĻ—ে āĻ­াāϞুāĻ•āϟোāĻ• āϏেāχ āĻ াāχāϤে āĻ—ুāϞীāϝ়াāχ āĻ›িāϞ)


(1) Complete the following sentences, using a suitable adverb ending in -ly.

(āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāĻŦোā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ•, āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়াāĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ি -āϞাāχāϤ āϏāĻŽাāĻĒ্āϤ)


(a) Rana does her homework ______________________.

 

(ā§°াāĻŖাāχ āϤাāχ⧰ āĻšোāĻŽā§ąā§°্āĻ• āϕ⧰ে)


(b) It rains _________________ in Mumbai in June. 

 

(āϜুāύ āĻŽাāĻšāϤ āĻŽুāĻŽ্āĻŦাāχāϤ āĻŦā§°āώুāĻŖ āĻšāϝ়)


(c) He does his work _______________. 

(āϤেāĻ“ঁ āύিāϜ⧰ āĻ•াāĻŽ āϕ⧰ে)


(d) The dog serves his master _______________. 

(āĻ•ুāĻ•ুā§°āϟোā§ąে āϤাā§° āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•āĻ• āϏেā§ąা āφāĻ—āĻŦāĻĸ়াāϝ়)


(ii) Choose the most suitable adverbs or adverbial phrases and complete the following sentences.

(āφāϟাāχāϤāĻ•ৈ āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়াāĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ āĻŦা āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়াāĻŦিāĻļেāώāĻŖ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝাংāĻļ āĻŦাāĻ›āύি āϕ⧰āĻ• āφ⧰ু āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāĻŦোā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ•)


(a) We should ______________ sometimes, often) get down from a moving train. (never, sometimes, often) 

(āφāĻŽি āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা, āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়ে) āϚāϞāύ্āϤ ā§°েāϞ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āύাāĻŽিāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে। (āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়াāĻ“, āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা, āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ়ে) 


(b) I was ____________ in need of support after my poor performance. (badly, occasionally, sometimes)

(āĻŽোā§° āĻĻুā§°্āĻŦāϞ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻā§°্āĻļāύ⧰ āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āĻŽāχ āϏāĻŽā§°্āĻĨāύ⧰ āĻĒ্ā§°āϝ়োāϜāύ āφāĻ›িāϞোঁ। (āĻŦেāϝ়াāĻ•ৈ, āĻŽাāϜে āĻŽাāϜে, āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়াāĻŦা)

 

(c) Rita met with an accident. The doctor examined her ___________(suddenly, seriously, immediately)

(ā§°ীāϤা āĻāϟা āĻĻুā§°্āϘāϟāύাāϤ āĻĒāϤিāϤ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ। āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏāĻ•ে āϤাāχāĻ• āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰িāϞে (āĻšāĻ াāϤে, āĻ—ুā§°ুāϤ্āĻŦāϏāĻšāĻ•াā§°ে, āϞāĻ—ে āϞāĻ—ে) 


3. Take down the following scrambled version of a story, that your teacher will dictate to you, with appropriate punctuation marks. Then, read the scrambled story carefully and try to rewrite it rearranging the incidents.

(āĻ•াāĻšিāύী āĻāϟাā§° āύিāĻŽ্āύāϞিāĻ–িāϤ āϏ্āĻ•্ā§°েāĻŽ্āĻŦāϞāĻĄ āϏংāϏ্āϕ⧰āĻŖāϟো āϤāϞāϞৈ āύিāϝ়āĻ•, āϝিāϟো āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻļিāĻ•্āώāĻ•ে āφāĻĒোāύাāĻ• āύিā§°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻĻিāĻŦ, āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻŦিā§°াāĻŽ āϚিāĻš্āύ⧰ āϏৈāϤে। āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ, āϏ্āĻ•্ā§°েāĻŽ্āĻŦāϞāϕ⧰া āĻ•াāĻšিāύীāϟো āĻŽāύোāϝোāĻ—েā§°ে āĻĒāĻĸ়āĻ• āφ⧰ু āϘāϟāύাāĻŦোā§° āĻĒুāύ⧰ āϏāϜ্āϜিāϤ āϕ⧰ি āχāϝ়াāĻ• āĻĒুāύ⧰ āϞিāĻ–িāĻŦāϞৈ āϚেāώ্āϟা āϕ⧰āĻ•)


A grasshopper, who was very hungry, saw her and said, "When did you get the corn? I am dying of hunger." She wanted to dry them. It was a cold winter's day, and an ant was bringing out some grains of corn from her home. She had gathered the corn in summer.

(āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ­োāĻ• āϞাāĻ—ি āĻĨāĻ•া āĻāϜāύ āϘাঁāĻšāύিāϝ়ে āϤাāχāĻ• āĻĻেāĻ–ি āĻ•'āϞে, "āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āĻŽাāĻ•ৈ āĻĒাāϞে? āĻŽāχ āĻ­োāĻ•āϤ āĻŽā§°ি āφāĻ›োঁ।" āϤাāχ āϏেāχāĻŦোā§° āĻļুāĻ•ুā§ąাāĻŦ āĻŦিāϚাā§°িāĻ›িāϞ। āĻļীāϤ⧰ āĻĻিāύāϟো āĻ াāĻŖ্āĻĄা āφāĻ›িāϞ, āφ⧰ু āĻāϟা āĻĒিāĻĒীāϞিāĻ•াāχ āϤাāχ⧰ āϘ⧰⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻļāϏ্āϝ āωāϞিāϝ়াāχ āφāύিāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāχ āĻ—্ā§°ীāώ্āĻŽāĻ•াāϞāϤ āĻŽাāĻ•ৈ āϏংāĻ—্ā§°āĻš āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ)


"I was singing all day," answered the grasshopper.

("āĻŽāχ āĻ—োāϟেāχ āĻĻিāύāϟো āĻ—াāύ āĻ—াāχ āφāĻ›িāϞো," āϘাঁāĻšāύিāϟোā§ąে āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĻিāϞে)


"If you sang all summer," said the ant, "you can dance all winter."

("āϝāĻĻি āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ—োāϟেāχ āĻ—্ā§°ীāώ্āĻŽāĻ•াāϞāϤ āĻ—াāύ āĻ—াāϝ়," āĻĒিāĻĒীāϞিāĻ•াāχ āĻ•ৈāĻ›িāϞ, "āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ—োāϟেāχ āĻļীāϤāĻ•াāϞāϤ āύাāϚিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে")


"What were you doing?" asked the ant again.

("āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ•ি āϕ⧰ি āφāĻ›িāϞ?" āĻĒিāĻĒীāϞিāĻ•াāϟোā§ąে āĻĒুāύ⧰ āϏুāϧিāϞে)


The grasshopper replied, "I was too busy."

(āϘাঁāĻšāύিāϟোā§ąে āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĻিāϞে, "āĻŽāχ āĻŦāĻšুāϤ āĻŦ্āϝāϏ্āϤ āφāĻ›িāϞোঁ")


"I collected it in summer," said the ant. "What were you doing in summer? Why did you not store some corn?"

("āĻŽāχ āĻ—্ā§°ীāώ্āĻŽāĻ•াāϞāϤ āĻāχāϟো āϏংāĻ—্ā§°āĻš āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞো," āĻĒিāĻĒীāϞিāĻ•াāϟোā§ąে āĻ•ৈāĻ›িāϞ। "āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ—্ā§°ীāώ্āĻŽāĻ•াāϞāϤ āĻ•ি āϕ⧰ি āφāĻ›িāϞ? āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ•িāϝ় āĻ…āϞāĻĒ āĻŽাāĻ•ৈ āϏংā§°āĻ•্āώāĻŖ āϕ⧰া āύাāĻ›িāϞ")






Question Type By- Maiur Rani Kashyap 





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