THE SPIRIT OF ADVENTURE
LESSON 11
EXERCISE
1) Answer the following questions.
a) Who was Prince Henry the Navigator ?
(ā§°াāĻāĻুāĻŽাā§° āĻšেāύ⧰ী āύেāĻিāĻেāĻā§° āĻোāύ āĻāĻিāϞ?)
Ans- Prince Henry the Navigator was the third son of KingJohn I.
(ā§°াāĻāĻুāĻŽাā§° āĻšেāύ⧰ী āĻĻ্āϝ āύেāĻিāĻেāĻā§° āĻāĻিāϞ āĻিংāĻāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽā§° āϤৃāϤীāϝ় āĻĒুāϤ্ā§°।)
b) Why was Vasco da Gama appointed to lead Portugese fleet ?
(āĻĒā§°্āϤুāĻীāĻ āĻŦāĻšā§°ā§° āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻাāϏ্āĻো āĻĻা āĻাāĻŽাāĻ āĻিāϝ় āύিāϝুāĻ্āϤি āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻিāϞ ?)
Ans- In accordance with Prince Henry the Navigator policy, King Mannuel appointed Vasco da Gama to lead a Portugese fleet to open the sea route to India .
(ā§°াāĻāĻুāĻŽাā§° āĻšেāύ⧰ী āύেāĻিāĻেāĻā§° āύীāϤি āĻ āύুāϏ⧰ি ā§°āĻা āĻŽেāύুā§ąেāϞে āĻাā§°āϤāϞৈ āϏাāĻā§°ীāϝ় āĻĒāĻĨ āĻŽুāĻāϞি āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒā§°্āϤুāĻীāĻ āĻŦāĻšā§°ā§° āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻাāϏ্āĻো āĻĻা āĻাāĻŽাāĻ āύিāϝুāĻ্āϤি āĻĻিāϝ়ে।)
c) When did Da Gama leave Lisbon?
(āĻĄা āĻাāĻŽাāĻ āĻেāϤিāϝ়া āϞিāĻāĻŦāύ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ?
Ans- On 8 July, 1497, when Da Gama left Lisbon harbour with a fleet of four vessels.
(ā§§ā§Ē⧝⧠āĻāύ⧰ ā§Ž āĻুāϞাāĻāϤ āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻĄা āĻাāĻŽাāĻ āĻাā§°িāĻāύ āĻাāĻšাāĻā§° āĻŦāĻšā§° āϞৈ āϞিāĻāĻŦāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĻā§° āĻā§°ি āĻĨৈ āϝাāϝ়।)
d) Where did Da Gama erect his first padrao?
(āĻĄা āĻাāĻŽাāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻĻā§°াāĻ āĻ’āϤ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ ?)
Ans- Da Gama anchored at Mossel Bay, the extreme point of Africa towards south. He erected his first padrao there and ordered his storeship to be broken up.
(āĻĄা āĻাāĻŽাāĻ āĻāĻĢ্ā§°িāĻাā§° āĻĻāĻ্āώিāĻŖ āĻĻিāĻļā§° āĻā§°āĻŽ āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻু āĻŽāĻেāϞ āĻŦে’āϤ āϞংāĻāύ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ। āϤাāϤে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻĻā§°াāĻ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻā§°ি āϤেāĻঁā§° āώ্āĻ’ā§°āĻļ্āĻŦিāĻĒ āĻাāĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āύিā§°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻĻিāϞে।)
e) When did Da Gama reach Calicut?
(āĻ’āϤ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ āĻĄা āĻাāĻŽাāĻ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻĻā§°াāĻ?)
Ans- Da Gama reached Calicut on 20 May, 1498.
(ā§§ā§Ēā§¯ā§Ž āĻāύ⧰ ⧍ā§Ļ āĻŽে’āϤ āĻĄা āĻাāĻŽা āĻাāϞিāĻাāĻāϤ āĻāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻšāϝ়।)
2) Give brief answers to the following questions.
a) What did the Europeans learn in between 1420 and 1620?
(ā§§ā§Ē⧍ā§Ļ āĻāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া ā§§ā§Ŧ⧍ā§Ļ āĻāύ⧰ āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ āĻāĻā§°োāĻĒীāϝ়āϏāĻāϞে āĻি āĻļিāĻিāĻিāϞ?)
Ans- Between the years 1420 and 1620 the Europeans learned that all seas are one. And if the seamen were given adequate ships, stores, skill and courage they could in time reach any country in the world which had an ocean coast.
(ā§§ā§Ē⧍ā§Ļ āĻāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া ā§§ā§Ŧ⧍ā§Ļ āĻāύ⧰ āĻিāϤ⧰āϤ āĻāĻā§°োāĻĒীāϝ়āϏāĻāϞে āĻাāύিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāϞে āϝে āϏāĻāϞো āϏাāĻā§° āĻāĻ। āĻā§°ু āϝāĻĻি āύাā§ąিāĻāϏāĻāϞāĻ āĻĒā§°্āϝাāĻĒ্āϤ āĻাāĻšাāĻ, āώ্āĻ’ā§°, āĻĻāĻ্āώāϤা āĻā§°ু āϏাāĻšāϏ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšāϝ় āϤেāύ্āϤে āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āϝিāĻোāύো āĻĻেāĻļāϤ āĻāĻĒāύীāϤ āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāϞেāĻšেঁāϤেāύ āϝ’āϤ āϏাāĻā§°ীāϝ় āĻāĻĒāĻূāϞ āĻāĻে।)
b) How did Da Gama start his journey from Lisbon?
(āϞিāĻāĻŦāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻেāύেāĻৈ āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ āĻā§°িāϞে āĻĄা āĻাāĻŽাāĻ āϝাāϤ্ā§°া?)
Ans- On 8 July, 1497, Da Gama started his journey from Lisbon harbour with a fleet of four vessels. His fleet carried padroes (stone pillars) to setup as marks of discovery and included three interpreters. Among them two spoke Arabic and one could speak several dialects.
(ā§§ā§Ē⧝⧠āĻāύ⧰ ā§Ž āĻুāϞাāĻāϤ āĻĄা āĻাāĻŽাāĻ āϞিāĻāĻŦāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĻā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻাā§°িāĻāύ āĻাāĻšাāĻā§° āĻŦāĻšā§°েā§°ে āϝাāϤ্ā§°া āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ āĻā§°ে। āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻŦāĻšā§°āĻāύে āĻā§ąিāώ্āĻাā§°ā§° āĻিāύ āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒেāĻĄ্ā§°' (āĻļিāϞ⧰ āĻুঁāĻা) āĻāĻĸ়িāϝ়াāĻ āϞৈ āĻĢুā§°িāĻিāϞ āĻā§°ু āĻāϝ়াāϤ āϤিāύিāĻāύ āĻĻোāĻাāώীāĻ āĻāĻিāϞ। āĻāϝ়াā§°ে āĻĻুāĻāύে āĻā§°āĻŦী āĻাāώা āĻāϝ় āĻā§°ু āĻāĻāύে āĻেāĻāĻŦাāĻাāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻাāώা āĻ’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻিāϞ।)
c) How did Da Gama find the Gujarati pilot?
(āĻুāĻā§°াāĻী āĻĒাāĻāϞāĻāĻāύāĻ āĻেāύেāĻৈ āĻŦিāĻাā§°ি āĻĒাāϞে āĻĄা āĻাāĻŽাāĻ?)
Ans- When Da Gama reached Mombasa, a port in kenya, he dropped his anchor in Malindi, Where a Community of Hindus living there. From there he hired a experience Gujrati pilot who guided Gama to across Arabian sea.
(āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻĄা āĻাāĻŽাāĻ āĻেāύিāϝ়াā§° āĻŦāύ্āĻĻā§° āĻŽোāĻŽ্āĻŦাāĻাāϤ āĻāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻšāϝ়, āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻঁ āĻŽাāϞিāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϤ āύিāĻā§° āϞংāĻāύāĻো āĻĒেāϞাāĻ āĻĻিāϞে, āϝ’āϤ āϤাāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āĻā§°া āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāϏāĻāϞ⧰ āĻāĻা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāϝ়। āϤাā§° āĻĒā§°াāĻ āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻāύ āĻ āĻিāĻ্āĻ āĻুāĻā§°াāĻী āĻĒাāĻāϞāĻ āύিāϝ়োāĻ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ āϝিāϝ়ে āĻাāĻŽাāĻ āĻā§°āĻŦ āϏাāĻā§°ā§° āϏিāĻĒাā§°āϞৈ āĻাāĻāĻĄ āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।)
d) Where and when did Vasco da Gama die?
(āĻাāϏ্āĻো āĻĻা āĻাāĻŽাā§° āĻ’āϤ āĻā§°ু āĻেāϤিāϝ়া āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻšৈāĻিāϞ?)
Ans- Vasco da gama died in the year 1527, in Cochin.
(āĻাāϏ্āĻো āĻĻা āĻাāĻŽাā§° āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻšāϝ় ā§§ā§Ģ⧍⧠āĻāύāϤ, āĻোāĻিāύāϤ।)
3. Why do people undertake risky enterprise ? What is the difference between a timid and and adventurous person ?
(āĻŽাāύুāĻšে āĻিāϝ় ā§°িāϏ্āĻি āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ āĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āĻā§°ে ? āĻীā§°ু āĻā§°ু āĻā§°ু āĻĻুঃāϏাāĻšāϏিāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻŽাāĻāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ্āϝ āĻি ?
Ans- Adventure, readiness and desire make people undertake risky enterprise.
The difference between an adventurous person and a timid person is that the former does not allow himself to be overpowered. Thus, the spirit of adventurous person in dangerous enterprises is encouraged by the conquest of self.
(āĻĻুঃāϏাāĻšāϏিāĻ āĻā§°্āĻŽ, āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤুāϤি āĻā§°ু āĻāĻ্āĻাāĻ āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻ āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāĻāύāĻ āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ āĻ্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦাāϧ্āϝ āĻā§°ে।
āĻĻুঃāϏাāĻšāϏিāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি āĻā§°ু āĻীā§°ু āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻŽাāĻā§° āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ্āϝāĻো āĻš’āϞ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽāĻāύে āϤেāĻঁāĻ āĻāĻুā§°ি āϧ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āύিāĻĻিāϝ়ে। āĻāϤিāĻে, āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāĻāύāĻ āĻāĻĻ্āϝোāĻāϤ āĻĻুঃāϏাāĻšāϏিāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤিā§° āĻāϤ্āĻŽাāĻ āĻāϤ্āĻŽāĻŦিāĻāϝ়ে āĻā§āϏাāĻšিāϤ āĻā§°ে।)
4. Describe in your own words da gama's journey from lisbon to calicut.
(āϞিāĻāĻŦāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻাāϞিāĻাāĻāϞৈ āĻĻা āĻাāĻŽাā§° āϝাāϤ্ā§°াā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āύিāĻā§° āĻাāώাāϤ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āĻā§°া।)
Ans-Vasco Da Gama was an adventurous person who was appointed by king Mannuel to lead a portuguese fleet of four vessels to open the sea route to India. He started his journey on 8th July 1497 from Lisbon Harbour. He carried padroes (stone pillars) to set up as marks of discovery and three interpreters along with him.
After sailing 4,000 miles in the Atlantic Ocean he reached the African coast at st. Helena Boy. Then he anchored at Mossel Boy the extreme point of Africa towards South, where he erected his first padrao.
Then he started his eastward journey in December. 1497. In this journey he reached Mozambique, Where he was treated as an Arabian Merchant by the Sultan of Mozambique.
In his next phrase journey by mistake he reached Mombase, a port in kenya and dropped his anchor in Malindi. There he contracted with a community of Hindus, and fortunately he managed to hire an experienced Gujrati pilot. With the help of that Gujrati Pilot Gama could able to cross the Arabian sea. And after long twenty three days run they crossed the Indian ocean and anchored at Calicut on 20th May 1498.
It was really an adventurous journey because Gama sailed around 24,000 nautical miles in two years.
āĻাāϏ্āĻো āĻĻা āĻাāĻŽা āĻāĻিāϞ āĻāĻāύ āĻĻুঃāϏাāĻšāϏিāĻ āĻŦ্āϝāĻ্āϤি, āϝাāĻ ā§°āĻা āĻŽেāύুā§ąেāϞে āĻাā§°āϤāϞৈ āϏাāĻā§°ীāϝ় āĻĒāĻĨ āĻŽুāĻāϞি āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻাā§°িāĻāύ āĻাāĻšাāĻā§° āĻĒā§°্āϤুāĻীāĻ āĻŦāĻšā§°ā§° āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āύিāϝুāĻ্āϤি āĻĻিāĻিāϞ। ā§§ā§Ē⧝⧠āĻāύ⧰ ā§Ž āĻুāϞাāĻāϤ āϤেāĻঁ āϞিāĻāĻŦāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĻā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āϝাāϤ্ā§°া āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ āĻā§°ে। āϤেāĻঁ āĻā§ąিāώ্āĻাā§°ā§° āĻিāύ āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒেāĻĄ্ā§°’ (āĻļিāϞ⧰ āĻুঁāĻা) āĻā§°ু āϞāĻāϤ āϤিāύিāĻāύ āĻĻোāĻাāώী āϞৈ āĻৈāĻিāϞ।
āĻāĻāϞাāĻŖ্āĻিāĻ āĻŽāĻšাāϏাāĻā§°āϤ ā§Ē,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŽাāĻāϞ āĻাāĻšাāĻ āĻāϞোā§ąাā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤ āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻĢ্ā§°িāĻাā§° āĻāĻĒāĻূāϞāϤ st. āĻšেāϞেāύা āĻŦāϝ়। āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤ āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻĢ্ā§°িāĻাā§° āĻĻāĻ্āώিāĻŖ āĻĻিāĻļā§° āĻā§°āĻŽ āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻু āĻŽāĻেāϞ āĻŦāϝ়āϤ āϞংāĻāύ āĻā§°ে, āϝ'āϤ āϤেāĻঁ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒাāĻĻ্ā§°াāĻ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āĻā§°ে।
āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤ āĻĄিāĻেāĻŽ্āĻŦā§° āĻŽাāĻšāϤে āĻĒূāĻŦ āĻĻিāĻļāϞৈ āϝাāϤ্ā§°া āĻā§°āĻŽ্āĻ āĻā§°িāϞে। ā§§ā§Ē⧝⧠āĻāύāϤ āĻāĻ āϝাāϤ্ā§°াāϤ āϤেāĻঁ āĻŽোāĻাāĻŽ্āĻŦিāĻāϤ āĻāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻšāϝ়, āϝ'āϤ āϤেāĻঁāĻ āĻŽোāĻাāĻŽ্āĻŦিāĻā§° āĻুāϞāϤাāύে āĻā§°āĻŦী āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏাāϝ়ী āĻšিāĻাāĻĒে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āĻā§°ে।
āĻুāϞāϤে āϤেāĻঁā§° āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°্āϤী āĻŦাāĻ্āϝাংāĻļ āϝাāϤ্ā§°াāϤ āϤেāĻঁ āĻেāύিāϝ়াā§° āĻāĻা āĻŦāύ্āĻĻā§° āĻŽোāĻŽ্āĻŦাāĻেāϤ āĻāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻšৈ āĻŽাāϞিāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϤ āύিāĻā§° āϞংāĻāύāĻো āĻĒেāϞাāĻ āĻĻিāϞে। āϤাāϤ āϤেāĻঁ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুā§° āĻāĻা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāϝ়ā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻুāĻ্āϤিāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āĻšāϝ়, āĻā§°ু āϏৌāĻাāĻ্āϝāĻ্ā§°āĻŽে āϤেāĻঁ āĻāĻāύ āĻ āĻিāĻ্āĻ āĻুāĻā§°াāĻী āĻĒাāĻāϞāĻ āύিāϝ়োāĻ āĻā§°িāĻŦāϞৈ āϏāĻ্āώāĻŽ āĻšāϝ়। āϏেāĻ āĻুāĻā§°াāĻী āĻĒাāĻāϞāĻā§° āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤ āĻাāĻŽাāĻ āĻā§°āĻŦ āϏাāĻā§° āĻĒাā§° āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāϞে। āĻā§°ু āĻĻীāĻāϞীāϝ়া āϤেāϤ্ā§°িāĻļ āĻĻিāύ āĻĻৌā§°াā§° āĻĒিāĻāϤ āϤেāĻঁāϞোāĻে āĻাā§°āϤ āĻŽāĻšাāϏাāĻā§° āĻĒাā§° āĻšৈ ā§§ā§Ēā§¯ā§Ž āĻāύ⧰ ⧍ā§Ļ āĻŽে’āϤ āĻাāϞিāĻāĻāϤ āϞংāĻāύ āĻā§°িāϞে।
āϏঁāĻাāĻৈāϝ়ে āĻ āĻāĻিāϞ āĻāĻ āĻĻুঃāϏাāĻšāϏিāĻ āϝাāϤ্ā§°া āĻাā§°āĻŖ āĻাāĻŽাāĻ āĻĻুāĻŦāĻā§°āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় ⧍ā§Ē āĻšাāĻাā§° āύāĻিāĻেāϞ āĻŽাāĻāϞ āϝাāϤ্ā§°া āĻā§°িāĻিāϞ।
GRAMMER
6. Combine the following sentences into single one. by using the conjunctions given in brackets
(a) Sheels’s mother is a teacher. She teaches English (who)
Ans: Sheela’s mother is a teacher who teaches English.
(b) The man is poor. He is happy. (but)
Ans: The man is poor but happy.
(c) Dipak is brave. He is intelligent. (not only but also)
Ans: Dipak is not only brave but also intelligent.
(d) She lives somewhere. I don’t know the place.(where)
Ans: I don’t know the place where she lives.
(e) We have a car. It’s colour is white.(whose)
Ans: We have a Car whose colour is white.
7) Find out the simple, compound and complex sentences from the following.
Ans:
(a) The sea is as deep as the mountains are high. (compound)
(b) The girl sitting in the corner with a book in her hand is my sister.(Complex)
(c) You can sit wherever you like. (Complex)
(d) You may do as you please. (simple)
(e) Iwill do this if Iam allowed. (simple)
Vocabulary
Ans:
DRY - Find
Day - Fine
May - Wine
Mat - Line
Met - Lone
Wet - Lose
EXTRA QUETION ANSWER
1. What is the meaning of adventure ?
Ans: Adventure means readiness and desire to undertake a risky enterprise .
2. What is the meaning of desire ?
Ans: A strong wish .
3. What is the meaning of conquest of self ?
Ans: The act of taking control over the weaknesses and fears in oneself .
4. What is the meaning of raft ?
Ans: A small boat made a piece of wood tied together .
5. Who was Marco Polo ?
Ans: He was a Italian traveller , travelled to china in 1279 .
6. Who was captain cook ?
Ans: He was a English explorer, explored to the east coast of Australia .
7. Who was Livingstone ?
Ans: He was a Scottish missionary and explorer, discovered Victoria falls in 1851 .
8. Who was Columbus ?
Ans: He was a Italian born Spanish explorer, reached the Caribean island in 1942 .
9. Where is Malabar coast located ?
Ans: Malabar coast located in the coast at the south western part of India .
10. Where is Mozambique ?
Ans: Mozambique located in a country on the east coast of southern .
Khyatam kakati
Check and edit by - Mukesh Borah