THE SPIRIT OF ADVENTURE 

LESSON 11

           EXERCISE 

    👉Text Books PDF
    👉MCQ Online Exam
    👉MCQ Answer

1) Answer the following questions. 


a) Who was Prince Henry the Navigator ? 


(ā§°াāϜāĻ•ুāĻŽাā§° āĻšেāύ⧰ী āύেāĻ­িāĻ—েāϟ⧰ āĻ•োāύ āφāĻ›িāϞ?)


AnsPrince Henry the Navigator was the third son of KingJohn I.


(ā§°াāϜāĻ•ুāĻŽাā§° āĻšেāύ⧰ী āĻĻ্āϝ āύেāĻ­িāĻ—েāϟ⧰ āφāĻ›িāϞ āĻ•িংāϜāύ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽā§° āϤৃāϤীāϝ় āĻĒুāϤ্ā§°।)



b) Why was Vasco da Gama appointed to lead Portugese fleet ?


(āĻĒā§°্āϤুāĻ—ীāϜ āĻŦāĻšā§°ā§° āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ­াāϏ্āĻ•ো āĻĻা āĻ—াāĻŽাāĻ• āĻ•িāϝ় āύিāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ ?)


Ans- In accordance with Prince Henry the Navigator policy, King Mannuel appointed Vasco da Gama to lead a Portugese fleet to open the sea route to India . 


(ā§°াāϜāĻ•ুāĻŽাā§° āĻšেāύ⧰ী āύেāĻ­িāĻ—েāϟ⧰ āύীāϤি āĻ…āύুāϏ⧰ি ā§°āϜা āĻŽেāύুā§ąেāϞে āĻ­াā§°āϤāϞৈ āϏাāĻ—ā§°ীāϝ় āĻĒāĻĨ āĻŽুāĻ•āϞি āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒā§°্āϤুāĻ—ীāϜ āĻŦāĻšā§°ā§° āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āĻ­াāϏ্āĻ•ো āĻĻা āĻ—াāĻŽাāĻ• āύিāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻĻিāϝ়ে।)


c) When did Da Gama leave Lisbon? 

(āĻĄা āĻ—াāĻŽাāχ āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āϞিāĻ›āĻŦāύ āĻā§°িāĻ›িāϞ? 


AnsOn 8 July, 1497, when Da Gama left Lisbon harbour with a fleet of four vessels.

(ā§§ā§Ē⧝⧭ āϚāύ⧰ ā§Ž āϜুāϞাāχāϤ āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻĄা āĻ—াāĻŽাāχ āϚাā§°িāĻ–āύ āϜাāĻšাāϜ⧰ āĻŦāĻšā§° āϞৈ āϞিāĻ›āĻŦāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĻā§° āĻā§°ি āĻĨৈ āϝাāϝ়।) 


d) Where did Da Gama erect his first padrao?

(āĻĄা āĻ—াāĻŽাāχ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻĻā§°াāĻ“ āĻ•’āϤ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ ?)


AnsDa Gama anchored at Mossel Bay, the extreme point of Africa towards south. He erected his first padrao there and ordered his storeship to be broken up.


(āĻĄা āĻ—াāĻŽাāχ āφāĻĢ্ā§°িāĻ•াā§° āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ āĻĻিāĻļā§° āϚ⧰āĻŽ āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻু āĻŽāϚেāϞ āĻŦে’āϤ āϞংāϘāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ। āϤাāϤে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻĻā§°াāĻ“ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰ি āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āώ্āϟ’ā§°āĻļ্āĻŦিāĻĒ āĻ­াāĻ™িāĻŦāϞৈ āύিā§°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻĻিāϞে।)


e) When did Da Gama reach Calicut?


(āĻ•’āϤ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ āĻĄা āĻ—াāĻŽাāχ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻĻā§°াāĻ“?)


AnsDa Gama reached Calicut on 20 May, 1498.


(ā§§ā§Ēā§¯ā§Ž āϚāύ⧰ ⧍ā§Ļ āĻŽে’āϤ āĻĄা āĻ—াāĻŽা āĻ•াāϞিāĻ•াāϟāϤ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻšāϝ়।)




2) Give brief answers to the following questions.


a) What did the Europeans learn in between 1420 and 1620?


(ā§§ā§Ē⧍ā§Ļ āϚāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া ā§§ā§Ŧ⧍ā§Ļ āϚāύ⧰ āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āχāω⧰োāĻĒীāϝ়āϏāĻ•āϞে āĻ•ি āĻļিāĻ•িāĻ›িāϞ?)


AnsBetween the years 1420 and 1620 the Europeans learned that all seas are one. And if the seamen were given adequate ships, stores, skill and courage they could in time reach any country in the world which had an ocean coast.


(ā§§ā§Ē⧍ā§Ļ āϚāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া ā§§ā§Ŧ⧍ā§Ļ āϚāύ⧰ āĻ­িāϤ⧰āϤ āχāω⧰োāĻĒীāϝ়āϏāĻ•āϞে āϜাāύিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāϞে āϝে āϏāĻ•āϞো āϏাāĻ—ā§° āĻāĻ•। āφ⧰ু āϝāĻĻি āύাā§ąিāĻ•āϏāĻ•āϞāĻ• āĻĒā§°্āϝাāĻĒ্āϤ āϜাāĻšাāϜ, āώ্āϟ’ā§°, āĻĻāĻ•্āώāϤা āφ⧰ু āϏাāĻšāϏ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻšāϝ় āϤেāύ্āϤে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻĒৃāĻĨিā§ąীā§° āϝিāĻ•োāύো āĻĻেāĻļāϤ āωāĻĒāύীāϤ āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāϞেāĻšেঁāϤেāύ āϝ’āϤ āϏাāĻ—ā§°ীāϝ় āωāĻĒāĻ•ূāϞ āφāĻ›ে।)


b) How did Da Gama start his journey from Lisbon?

(āϞিāĻ›āĻŦāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āϕ⧰িāϞে āĻĄা āĻ—াāĻŽাāχ āϝাāϤ্ā§°া?)


Ans- On 8 July, 1497, Da Gama started his journey from Lisbon harbour with a fleet of four vessels. His fleet carried padroes (stone pillars) to setup as marks of discovery and included three interpreters. Among them two spoke Arabic and one could speak several dialects.


(ā§§ā§Ē⧝⧭ āϚāύ⧰ ā§Ž āϜুāϞাāχāϤ āĻĄা āĻ—াāĻŽাāχ āϞিāĻ›āĻŦāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĻā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āϚাā§°িāĻ–āύ āϜাāĻšাāϜ⧰ āĻŦāĻšā§°েā§°ে āϝাāϤ্ā§°া āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āϕ⧰ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻŦāĻšā§°āĻ–āύে āĻ†ā§ąিāώ্āĻ•াā§°ā§° āϚিāύ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒেāĻĄ্ā§°' (āĻļিāϞ⧰ āĻ–ুঁāϟা) āĻ•āĻĸ়িāϝ়াāχ āϞৈ āĻĢুā§°িāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āχāϝ়াāϤ āϤিāύিāϜāύ āĻĻোāĻ­াāώীāĻ“ āφāĻ›িāϞ। āχāϝ়াā§°ে āĻĻুāϜāύে āφ⧰āĻŦী āĻ­াāώা āĻ•āϝ় āφ⧰ু āĻāϜāύে āĻ•েāχāĻŦাāϟাāĻ“ āωāĻĒāĻ­াāώা āĻ•’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻ›িāϞ।)


c) How did Da Gama find the Gujarati pilot?


(āĻ—ুāϜ⧰াāϟী āĻĒাāχāϞāϟāϜāύāĻ• āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻŦিāϚাā§°ি āĻĒাāϞে āĻĄা āĻ—াāĻŽাāχ?)


Ans- When Da Gama reached Mombasa, a port in kenya, he dropped his anchor in Malindi, Where a Community of Hindus living there. From there he hired a experience Gujrati pilot who guided Gama to across Arabian sea.


(āϝেāϤিāϝ়া āĻĄা āĻ—াāĻŽাāχ āĻ•েāύিāϝ়াā§° āĻŦāύ্āĻĻā§° āĻŽোāĻŽ্āĻŦাāĻ›াāϤ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻšāϝ়, āϤেāϤিāϝ়া āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻŽাāϞিāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϤ āύিāϜ⧰ āϞংāϘāύāϟো āĻĒেāϞাāχ āĻĻিāϞে, āϝ’āϤ āϤাāϤ āĻŦাāϏ āϕ⧰া āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুāϏāĻ•āϞ⧰ āĻāϟা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāϝ়। āϤাā§° āĻĒā§°াāχ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāϜāύ āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻž āĻ—ুāϜ⧰াāϟী āĻĒাāχāϞāϟ āύিāϝ়োāĻ— āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ āϝিāϝ়ে āĻ—াāĻŽাāĻ• āφ⧰āĻŦ āϏাāĻ—ā§°ā§° āϏিāĻĒাā§°āϞৈ āĻ—াāχāĻĄ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।)


d) Where and when did Vasco da Gama die? 


(āĻ­াāϏ্āĻ•ো āĻĻা āĻ—াāĻŽাā§° āĻ•’āϤ āφ⧰ু āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ?)


Ans- Vasco da gama died in the year 1527, in Cochin.


(āĻ­াāϏ্āĻ•ো āĻĻা āĻ—াāĻŽাā§° āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻšāϝ় ā§§ā§Ģ⧍⧭ āϚāύāϤ, āĻ•োāϚিāύāϤ।)


3. Why do people undertake risky enterprise ? What is the difference between a timid and and adventurous person ? 


(āĻŽাāύুāĻšে āĻ•িāϝ় ā§°িāϏ্āĻ•ি āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ— āĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰ে ? āĻ­ীā§°ু āφ⧰ু āφ⧰ু āĻĻুঃāϏাāĻšāϏিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŽাāϜāϤ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āĻ•ি ?


Ans- Adventure, readiness and desire make people undertake risky enterprise.


The difference between an adventurous person and a timid person is that the former does not allow himself to be overpowered. Thus, the spirit of adventurous person in dangerous enterprises is encouraged by the conquest of self.


(āĻĻুঃāϏাāĻšāϏিāĻ• āϕ⧰্āĻŽ, āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤুāϤি āφ⧰ু āχāϚ্āĻ›াāχ āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāϜāύāĻ• āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ— āĻ—্ā§°āĻšāĻŖ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻŦাāϧ্āϝ āϕ⧰ে।


āĻĻুঃāϏাāĻšāϏিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি āφ⧰ু āĻ­ীā§°ু āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিā§° āĻŽাāϜ⧰ āĻĒাā§°্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝāϟো āĻš’āϞ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽāϜāύে āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āφāĻ—ুā§°ি āϧ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āύিāĻĻিāϝ়ে। āĻ—āϤিāĻ•ে, āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻāϜāύāĻ• āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—āϤ āĻĻুঃāϏাāĻšāϏিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিā§° āφāϤ্āĻŽাāĻ• āφāϤ্āĻŽāĻŦিāϜāϝ়ে āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏাāĻšিāϤ āϕ⧰ে।)


4. Describe in your own words da gama's journey from lisbon to calicut. 


(āϞিāĻ›āĻŦāύ⧰ āĻĒā§°া āĻ•াāϞিāĻ•াāϟāϞৈ āĻĻা āĻ—াāĻŽাā§° āϝাāϤ্ā§°াā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āύিāϜ⧰ āĻ­াāώাāϤ āĻŦā§°্āĻŖāύা āϕ⧰া।)


Ans-Vasco Da Gama was an adventurous person who was appointed by king Mannuel to lead a portuguese fleet of four vessels to open the sea route to India. He started his journey on 8th July 1497 from Lisbon Harbour. He carried padroes (stone pillars) to set up as marks of discovery and three interpreters along with him.


After sailing 4,000 miles in the Atlantic Ocean he reached the African coast at st. Helena Boy. Then he anchored at Mossel Boy the extreme point of Africa towards South, where he erected his first padrao.


Then he started his eastward journey in December. 1497. In this journey he reached Mozambique, Where he was treated as an Arabian Merchant by the Sultan of Mozambique.


In his next phrase journey by mistake he reached Mombase, a port in kenya and dropped his anchor in Malindi. There he contracted with a community of Hindus, and fortunately he managed to hire an experienced Gujrati pilot. With the help of that Gujrati Pilot Gama could able to cross the Arabian sea. And after long twenty three days run they crossed the Indian ocean and anchored at Calicut on 20th May 1498.


It was really an adventurous journey because Gama sailed around 24,000 nautical miles in two years.


 āĻ­াāϏ্āĻ•ো āĻĻা āĻ—াāĻŽা āφāĻ›িāϞ āĻāϜāύ āĻĻুঃāϏাāĻšāϏিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤি, āϝাāĻ• ā§°āϜা āĻŽেāύুā§ąেāϞে āĻ­াā§°āϤāϞৈ āϏাāĻ—ā§°ীāϝ় āĻĒāĻĨ āĻŽুāĻ•āϞি āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āϚাā§°িāĻ–āύ āϜাāĻšাāϜ⧰ āĻĒā§°্āϤুāĻ—ীāϜ āĻŦāĻšā§°ā§° āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻিāĻŦāϞৈ āύিāϝুāĻ•্āϤি āĻĻিāĻ›িāϞ। ā§§ā§Ē⧝⧭ āϚāύ⧰ ā§Ž āϜুāϞাāχāϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϞিāĻ›āĻŦāύ āĻŦāύ্āĻĻā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āϝাāϤ্ā§°া āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āϕ⧰ে। āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ†ā§ąিāώ্āĻ•াā§°ā§° āϚিāύ āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āĻĒেāĻĄ্ā§°’ (āĻļিāϞ⧰ āĻ–ুঁāϟা) āφ⧰ু āϞāĻ—āϤ āϤিāύিāϜāύ āĻĻোāĻ­াāώী āϞৈ āĻ—ৈāĻ›িāϞ।


āφāϟāϞাāĻŖ্āϟিāĻ• āĻŽāĻšাāϏাāĻ—ā§°āϤ ā§Ē,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŽাāχāϞ āϜাāĻšাāϜ āϚāϞোā§ąাā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āφāĻĢ্ā§°িāĻ•াā§° āωāĻĒāĻ•ূāϞāϤ st. āĻšেāϞেāύা āĻŦāϝ়। āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āφāĻĢ্ā§°িāĻ•াā§° āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ āĻĻিāĻļā§° āϚ⧰āĻŽ āĻŦিāύ্āĻĻু āĻŽāϚেāϞ āĻŦāϝ়āϤ āϞংāϘāύ āϕ⧰ে, āϝ'āϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒাāĻĻ্ā§°াāĻ“ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰ে।


āϤাā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āĻĄিāϚেāĻŽ্āĻŦā§° āĻŽাāĻšāϤে āĻĒূāĻŦ āĻĻিāĻļāϞৈ āϝাāϤ্ā§°া āφ⧰āĻŽ্āĻ­ āϕ⧰িāϞে। ā§§ā§Ē⧝⧭ āϚāύāϤ āĻāχ āϝাāϤ্ā§°াāϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻŽোāϜাāĻŽ্āĻŦিāĻ•āϤ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻšāϝ়, āϝ'āϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āĻŽোāϜাāĻŽ্āĻŦিāϕ⧰ āϚুāϞāϤাāύে āφ⧰āĻŦী āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāϏাāϝ়ী āĻšিāϚাāĻĒে āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ে।


āĻ­ুāϞāϤে āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°্āϤী āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝাংāĻļ āϝাāϤ্ā§°াāϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ•েāύিāϝ়াā§° āĻāϟা āĻŦāύ্āĻĻā§° āĻŽোāĻŽ্āĻŦাāĻ›েāϤ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻšৈ āĻŽাāϞিāĻŖ্āĻĄিāϤ āύিāϜ⧰ āϞংāϘāύāϟো āĻĒেāϞাāχ āĻĻিāϞে। āϤাāϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻšিāύ্āĻĻুā§° āĻāϟা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāϝ়ā§° āϏৈāϤে āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āĻšāϝ়, āφ⧰ু āϏৌāĻ­াāĻ—্āϝāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽে āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻāϜāύ āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻž āĻ—ুāϜ⧰াāϟী āĻĒাāχāϞāϟ āύিāϝ়োāĻ— āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽ āĻšāϝ়। āϏেāχ āĻ—ুāϜ⧰াāϟী āĻĒাāχāϞāϟ⧰ āϏāĻšাāϝ়āϤ āĻ—াāĻŽাāχ āφ⧰āĻŦ āϏাāĻ—ā§° āĻĒাā§° āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāϞে। āφ⧰ু āĻĻীāϘāϞীāϝ়া āϤেāϤ্ā§°িāĻļ āĻĻিāύ āĻĻৌā§°াā§° āĻĒিāĻ›āϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āĻ­াā§°āϤ āĻŽāĻšাāϏাāĻ—ā§° āĻĒাā§° āĻšৈ ā§§ā§Ēā§¯ā§Ž āϚāύ⧰ ⧍ā§Ļ āĻŽে’āϤ āĻ•াāϞিāĻ•āϟāϤ āϞংāϘāύ āϕ⧰িāϞে।


āϏঁāϚাāĻ•ৈāϝ়ে āχ āφāĻ›িāϞ āĻāĻ• āĻĻুঃāϏাāĻšāϏিāĻ• āϝাāϤ্ā§°া āĻ•াā§°āĻŖ āĻ—াāĻŽাāχ āĻĻুāĻŦāϛ⧰āϤ āĻĒ্ā§°াāϝ় ⧍ā§Ē āĻšাāϜাā§° āύāϟিāĻ•েāϞ āĻŽাāχāϞ āϝাāϤ্ā§°া āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।

GRAMMER 

6. Combine the following sentences into single one. by using the conjunctions given in brackets 

(a) Sheels’s mother is a teacher. She teaches English (who) 


Ans: Sheela’s mother is a teacher who teaches English. 


(b) The man is poor. He is happy. (but)


Ans: The man is poor but happy. 


(c) Dipak is brave. He is intelligent. (not only but also) 


Ans: Dipak is not only brave but also intelligent.


(d) She lives somewhere. I don’t know the place.(where)


Ans: I don’t know the place where she lives.


(e) We have a car. It’s colour is white.(whose)


Ans: We have a Car whose colour is white.


7) Find out the simple, compound and complex sentences from the following.


Ans:

(a)    The sea is as deep as the mountains are high. (compound)


(b)    The girl sitting in the corner with a book in her hand is my sister.(Complex)


(c)    You can sit wherever you like. (Complex)


(d)    You may do as you please. (simple)


(e)    Iwill do this if Iam allowed. (simple)



Vocabulary

Ans:      


DRY   - Find

Day    -    Fine

May    -    Wine

Mat    -    Line

Met     -   Lone

Wet   -    Lose

 

EXTRA QUETION ANSWER


1. What is the meaning of adventure ?

Ans: Adventure means readiness and desire to undertake a risky enterprise .

2.  What is the meaning of desire ?

Ans: A strong wish .

3. What is the meaning of conquest of self ?

Ans: The act of taking control over the weaknesses and fears in oneself  .

4. What is the meaning of raft ?

Ans: A small boat made a piece of wood tied together .

5. Who was Marco Polo ?

Ans: He was a Italian traveller , travelled to china in 1279 .

6. Who was captain cook ?

Ans: He was a English explorer, explored to the east coast of Australia .

7. Who was Livingstone ?

Ans: He was a Scottish missionary and explorer, discovered Victoria falls in 1851 .

8. Who was Columbus ?

Ans: He was a Italian born Spanish explorer, reached the Caribean island in 1942 .

9. Where is Malabar coast located ?

Ans: Malabar coast located in the coast at the south western part of India .

10. Where is Mozambique ?

Ans: Mozambique located in a country on the east coast of southern .

 


Khyatam kakati

Check and edit by - Mukesh Borah