Chapter 7
Social Anthropology
Exercise
1. Answer:
(a) The word 'Culture' is derived from which root word?
(b) Clyde Klan and Alfred Crowe discuss the definition of culture and write the names of the books.
(c) When did Tyler advance the definition of literary culture? (d) Which cultural heritage was divided into two parts?
(e) Write two factors of culture change.
2. What does culture mean?
3. What do you mean by culturalization?
4. What do you mean by ethnocentrism and ethnocentrism?
5. Essay on new trends.
6. Can I write culturally what is fate Bhagavad with examples.
7. Write about culture.
8. Analyzing the concept of cultural relativism.
9. Essay on cultural diffusion.
10. Essay on culture.
Additional questions:
1. What aspects of society are studied in social anthropology?
Answer:
2. Write the characteristics of human society .
Answer: The characteristics of human society are-
(1) Society is now made up of a large number of people.
(2) Society has definite geographical limits.
(3) Society is void or formless. Societies can now speak with experience.
(4) The society now includes all the people who follow it.
(5) In every society there is an authority to control and maintain the society.
(6) Society will be formed without culture. Every society has a single culture.
(7) Society has a specific goal. This specific target society can also promote the interests of people.
3. Write about social groups based on age.
Answer: In every society , some social groups are formed based on different bases. There are certain social groups based on age, which form a group for a purpose among individuals of certain age groups. Social groups of different ethnic groups are represented in Dekachang, Gavruchang, based on the early age. For example, dekachangs of iongas are formed only by dekas. Every year new dekaskalk are recruited and every year they are tested on various subjects. So that all of them can live independently and build a healthy society.
4. Write the characteristics of primitive society.
Ans: The characteristics of primitive society are-
(1) People in primitive societies are generally illiterate. There is no script or written literature in the possession of the people.
(2) Economics is simple. The trend of trade is seen.
(3) They generally live in backward and secluded places.
(4) The defense mechanism is self-contained.
(5) The practice of religion and magic is universal.
5. Write the characteristics of developed society.
Ans: Characteristics of a developed society are-
(1) There is a well-developed social education system. They also have scripts and written literature.
(2) Population is high. Samajbor Bhagabo Dang. As in - Rajya, Rashtra, Samrajya Adi.
(3) Technical education.
(4) There is division of labor in society depending on the profession.
(5) Economics is complex. There is a trend in business and trade.
(6) The influence of religion and magic is less.
(7) Science and religion are systematically discussed.
(8) Political department and judiciary are completely separate.
6. By defining society.
Answer: According to sociologists A, M, McIver and Chi, Page, the definition of society is 'Society is a collective system including customary practices, practices, authority and mutual assistance, various groups and divisions, human behavior and independence. Control is implied. '
7. What is social group? On what basis are social groups formed?
Answer: Society is made up of individuals who form different groups to fulfill different needs. These group members are called social group bullies. Parial is the social group of the society. Every social group has some specific purpose and function and passes through different stages. A person is automatically a member of some social group but may join some voluntarily . For example, a person is socialized within the family as soon as he is born. But being a member of a political party also depends on their will. Social groups are generally formed on the basis of various sources. They are described below in sequence-
(a) Social castes based on gender: Pariyal is the main body of society. Full cooperation and mutual support of men and women is essential for healthy pregnancy. However, many societies, especially primitive or pre-literal folk societies, have formed some special groups based on gender. For example, the aborigines of Australia have some form of secret society, which consists only of men. In fact, some male totems and some female totems can be seen. Also, Majat Poa Deka Chang (Morang) of North-East India and some Thai Poa Deka Chang and Gavru Changs of Central India are social groups of this type.
(b) Groups formed on the basis of age: Some social groups are formed on the basis of age. Ao Nagaskal Deka Chang is formed by Dekaskal only. Every year, new cadres are recruited and every year they are trained in various subjects so that they can build a healthy society. The elderly Panjayat civil servants are admitted there. They also come up with various advices for the development of the village while trying to judge the disputes of the village.
(c) Clans formed on the basis of kinship or consanguinity: These clans are formed by consanguinity or marriage. These types of social groups are- parial, clan, gotra, mitrakul, moiti etc.
(d) Locally established clans: It includes clans formed over a specific area. It is a social group such as Chuburi or now a village. Each person in this tribe is emotionally and closely related to each other. All these people have the duty of umajtiya and have special responsibility towards the people of the tribe.
(e) Social level: There are several clans in the society based on high and low values. Different castes of Hindu society are social groups of this type. The Cherdukpens of Arunachal are of the Majat Poa Thong (Royal Dynasty) and Chao (General) clans.
(f) Political power: Social groups are formed on the basis of political power in any society. He can be seen among the millions of political power in Mizoram. Like royals, nobles and common people.
(g) Livelihoods: Many social groups formed within livelihoods can be seen. In India, blacksmiths, goldsmiths, washermen, weavers, gardeners, cobblers, and carpenters were born.
(h) Magic religion: Many societies are seen to be based on magic - religion. Shwaman of Adi society, Daini of Patirava society, groups formed in Banchuskal of Arunachal are social groups of this type.
(j) Voluntary association: There are many groups in any society whose entire membership depends on their own will and reluctance. Various associations, associations, political parties and other social groups of this type
8. What are social events? Mention its characteristics.
Answer: Social events are organized based on social customs, doctrines, religious practices and various practices are called social events. Society is now densely populated with various social groups and social events.
Social event features are-
(1) Social events are based on a specific goal.
(2) Every social event has an object-centered symbol.
(3) Social events are conducted according to certain rules and regulations. All members of the program must follow the rules and regulations.
(4) The celebrant has certain specific procedures based on religious doctrine and ritual rules.
(5) The success of the program depends on the overall cooperation of the members.
(6) Social events are intensified to fulfill the various needs of the society.
9. What is community? Write its characteristics.
Ans: In the community, Bulile can be understood as a group of people who usually live in different ways, live face to face or maintain close relationships and bond with each other.
The characteristics of the community are –
(1) Each community has a specific name.
(2) A particular group of people lives in a community.
(3) The daily life of the people of the community is usually maintained face-to-face with the seasons.
(4) The methods of livelihood of the families belonging to the community are generally the same.
(5) Each community has its own customs, practices and culture.
10. Write the differences between human society and other societies.
Answer: The differences between human society and other societies are-
Human society | This society |
1. Social behavior or morals can be mastered by parents and other children. | 2. Behaviors follow any natural instincts. |
2. Sexual behavior is regulated by society. | 2. Sexual behavior is not regulated. |
3. Division of labor depends on physical strength. | 3. Division of labor depends on biological needs. |
4. Humans have languages and cultures. | 4. Other animals have no language or culture. |
5. Can engage in sexual activity at any time . | 5. Sexual activity is done according to the season. |
