Chapter 10


Relocation of original inhabitants

Exercises 

1. 1. Write a very short answer:

a) Where did the first inhabitants of North America come from?

Answer: The first inhabitants of North America came from Europe. 

b) In which year did the French establish the French colony in Quebec?

Answer: The French established the French colony in Quebec in  

c) When did the American Civil War begin?

Answer: The American Civil War began in 

d) When was barbed wire invented?

Answer: Barbed wire was invented in 

e) Britain fought against which country and won Kannada?

Answer: Britain won Kannada by fighting France. 

f) What was President Andrew Jockson known as?

 President Andrew Johnson was known  as an opponent of political and economic discrimination .

g) When did the British first come to Australia?

Answer: The British first arrived in Australia in the 1770s. 

h) In which year was colonial autonomy established in Australia?

Answer: In 1850, the colonies were granted autonomy in Australia. 

i) In which year was the city of Sydney founded?

Answer: The city of Sydney was founded in 

j) What was the former name of New South Wales?

Answer: New South Wales was formerly known as James Cook. 

2. 2. Answer briefly:

a) Comment on any of the differences between the indigenous peoples of South and North America.

Answer: The difference between the indigenous people of South and North America is that-

    North Americans were more ancient than South Americans. 

b) Which characteristics of the English economy and social life do you see other than the application of English in the 19th century United States?

Apart from the use of English in the United States in the 19th century, the characteristics of the English economy and social life were:

    The settlers tried to ensure that the economy and social life would continue traditionally without the English language. The indigenous people struggled for economic and social benefits. 

c) What do Americans mean by Frontier?

Answer: 

d) Why were the original inhabitants of Australia not mentioned in the history books?

Answer: 

3. Essay-like questions:

a) How successful are museum art galleries in reflecting the cultural life of people?

Answer:

b) Suppose four people met in California around These four men are: an African slave, a Chinese worker, a group of Germans for gold, and a Hopi tribesman; Describe the conversation between them. 

Answer: 

c) Write about the conflicts of the natives of North America with the Europeans.

Answer: The conflict between the natives of North America and the Europeans.

     The original inhabitants of North America came south from Asia by land bridge across the Baria System 30,000 years ago. They lived in groups in villages near the river. They grew maize and vegetables and ate fish and meat. They wandered about in search of wild animals for meat. From the 17th century they became easier to hunt. This is because the natives bought horses from the Spaniards and learned to ride them, making it easier for them to hunt animals.

    Indigenous peoples did not push North Americans to expand agriculture. for they did not think of saving the grain. They were content with food and shelter on the ground. Their tradition was characterized by formal alliances, friendships, and the exchange of gifts. They did not buy things from others. accepted them as gifts. A variety of languages were spoken in North America and they were not written down. The women wove beautiful clothes. Those people knew about climate and different natural environments and soils. 

    In the 17th century, some European merchants arrived on the north coast of North America. They were relieved to see the affection of the locals. They traded in furs and fish. For the natives, the things they exchanged with the Europeans were gifts. For Europeans, they were a way to get rich. They earned more money by selling fish and commodities in European markets. From time to time, the prices of goods fluctuated. But the people of the land did not understand these things. They did not have knowledge of the European market.  

D. Outline the changes in the relationship between natives and migrants into the twentieth century.

Answer: The changes in the relationship between natives and migrants over the twentieth century are discussed below 

     In the 18th century, Europeans used land differently than the natives. France and Britain tried to take land in America as some emigrant sons did not have rights to their father's land. They later had to give the land to the big farmers of their country. Therefore, there was an influx of immigrants to the United States for Swedish, Italian, and German lands. The Poles were happy to buy a lot of land at a low price. They cleared the forests and made the lands suitable for cultivation. 

4. The Write a brief:

a) European imperialism.

Answer: The Spanish and Portuguese empires did not expand in the Americas from the 17th century. In the 17th century, England, France and Holland expanded their trading operations and established colonies in the Americas, Asia and Africa. There was also a colony in Ireland. This is because all the landowners in the area were English residents. 

    colonized from the 18th century. In South Asia, trading companies such as the East India Company established themselves as political forces. They defeated the local rulers and annexed the kingdoms. By collecting taxes from the landowners, the colonial powers built railways, dug mines and opened large farms for commercial convenience.   

B. Indigenous inhabitants of North America.

Answer: Indigenous peoples of North America - The continent of North America extends from the Arctic Circle to the Tropic of Cancer and from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. Major industries were developed in the United States and Canada. Many people have lived in North America for thousands of years.

    The first inhabitants of North America came from Asia by land bridge across the Barrier System 30,000 years ago. More of them moved towards the Ice Age 10,000 years ago. An 11,000-year-old arrowhead was found in the United States. These people lived in groups in villages along the river. They grew maize and vegetables. Those people ate meat and fish. They sometimes looked for bison (wild bull) meat to eat. From the 17th century onwards, their hunting became easier. This is because the natives bought horses from the Spaniards and learned to ride them. They went hunting only when they needed to. 

    Different languages were spoken in North America, but they were not written. The natives did not insist on agricultural expansion. Because they didn't think about saving anything. They were content with the food and shelter they found on the ground. 

C. The development of Australia. 

Answer: Development of Australia: Australia, like the United States, has a long history of human habitation. Early inhabitants arrived on the continent from New Guinea 40,000 years ago. New Guinea is connected to Australia by land bridge.

    The British presence dramatically disrupted the crops of the aborigines.  The story between the European inhabitants in Australia and the Australian landmass coincides between the two Americas, although that story did not begin in Australia until 300 years later. Under European rule, Australia's economic growth was not as high as that of the United States. Sheep farms and mining centers were established by them. Later they developed hay and vineyards. The states were amalgamated and in 1911 a new capital was built for Australia. The capital was called Canberra. 

D. North American industrial development. 

Answer: Industrial development in North America: Gold was discovered in California, USA in 1840 AD. They expected North America to have gold on the ground. The race for gold began. Railroads were built across the continent with the help of Chinese workers. The United States Railroad in the United States in 1870 and and in Canada in 1885 was completed. 

    The Industrial Revolution in England was caused by small farmers leaving land to big farmers and joining industries as laborers for their own livelihood. But North America industrialized differently. Industrial cities are established in both the United States and Canada. In 1860, the United States was an economically backward country. In the 1890s, the United States became an industrial power. There were various farms in the area. 

Important Question Answer 

1) What is a colony?

From the 18th century onwards , Europeans settled in most parts of South America, Central America, North America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Such areas settled by Europeans are called colonies. 

2. Where did the Red Indians live?

Answer:   The Red Indians lived in Columbia.

3. In what year did John Cabot arrive in New Zealand?

John Cabot arrived in New Zealand  in

4. What is the name of the book written by Amerigo Vespucci?

Answer:   The book written by Amerigo Vespucci is called Travel. 

5. In which year did the British colonize Virginia?

Answer: In 1607, the British established the colony of Virginia. 

6. In which year was the Quebec Act enacted?

Answer: The Quebec Act was enacted in

7. In which year did the American Civil War break out?

Answer: The American Civil War was fought in 1861-6

8. In which year was the barbed wire invented?

Answer:   Barbed wire was invented in 

9. In which year is National Amnesty Day celebrated?

Answer:   National Amnesty Day was celebrated in 1820-1

10. In which year was Canberra established as the capital of Australia?

 Canberra was established in 1911 as the capital of Australia  .