Chapter 13
Evidence
1. Fill in the blanks:
(a) In Indian philosophy, true knowledge is called proof .
(b) Mention the six types of pramam in Indian philosophy .
(c) Sarvaka philosophy recognizes direct speech as the only source of true knowledge .
(d) Philosophy of justice believes in four types of evidence.
(e) is the logical basis of the inference.
2. Give a brief answer:
(a) What is proof?
Answer: Prama means knowledge of a certain nature, free from all doubt.
(b) What is evidence?
Answer: In Indian philosophy, this means of acquiring infallible, certain knowledge is called proof.
(c) What are the evidences recognized by Indian philosophy?
Answer: The evidence recognized by Indian philosophy is direct, inference, metaphor, word, interpretation and perception.
(d) State the types of miraculous direct.
Answer: The types of miraculous direct are: slight direct, knowledge direct and yogic direct.
(e) How many components does paratheranism have and what are they?
Answer: There are five components of paratharanumana and they are promise, cause, example, submission and inference.
3. Define:
(a) Proof.
Answer: Prama means knowledge of a certain nature, free from all doubt.
(b) Evidence.
Answer: In Indian philosophy, this means of acquiring infallible, certain knowledge is called proof.
(c) temporal direct.
Answer: When the worldly connection of matter with our senses takes place it is called worldly direct.
(d) Final estimate.
Answer: A final inference is an inference made about an unknown cause based on a known action.
(e) Retrospective estimates.
Answer: An inference made about an unknown action based on a known cause is called a retrospective inference.
4. Differentiation:
(a) Mundane and supernatural direct
Answer: When the worldly connection of matter with our senses takes place it is called worldly direct. There are two types of worldly direct- external,and mental.
Knowledge produced by the miraculous combination of objects and senses is miraculously direct. It is of three types. For example, minor symptoms are direct, knowledge symptoms are direct, and additive directness.
(b) Self-interest and para-inference.
Answer:
5. Determine accuracy:
(a) The Charbak philosophy admits both direct and inferential evidence as valid evidence.
Answer:
(b) Knowledge of direct independent nature.
Answer: Correct.
(c) Additional direct can be obtained by any person.
Answer: Incorrect.
(d) In absolute directness, only the existence of an object is perceived without being associated with its name, properties, etc.
Answer: Correct.
(e) All Indian philosophical communities have accepted inference as valid evidence.
Answer: Incorrect.
(f) Inference is indirect or applied knowledge.
Answer:
(g) The justice hypothesis has four terms.
Answer: Incorrect.
(h) Five bodies are expressed in parathernuman.
Answer: Correct.
(j) Self-interested assumptions Assumptions made to convince others.
Answer: Incorrect.
