LOUIS PASTEUR

āϞুāχāϚ āĻĒেāώ্āϟুā§°


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1. Answer the following questions to check your understanding:

ā§§/ āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻŦুāϜাāĻŦুāϜি āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰িāĻŦāϞৈ āϤāϞāϤ āĻĻিāϝ়া āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύāĻŦোā§°ā§° āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĻিāϝ়āĻ•:

a) What happened one day while Louis Pasteur was playing with his friends?

āĻ•) āϞুāχ āĻĒেāώ্āϟুā§°ে āĻŦāύ্āϧু-āĻŦাāύ্āĻ§ā§ąীā§° āϏৈāϤে āĻ–েāϞি āĻĨāĻ•াā§° āϏāĻŽāϝ়āϤ āĻāĻĻিāύ āĻ•ি āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ?

Answer:- He saw a man was running towards him and the man was very frightened. They said the news to Louis that someone had been bitten by a mad wolf from the mountain. Louis knew that the wolf was suffering from rabies.

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰:- āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻĻেāĻ–িāϞে āĻāϜāύ āĻŽাāύুāĻš āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻĢাāϞে āĻĻৌā§°ি āφāĻšিāĻ›ে āφ⧰ু āĻŽাāύুāĻšāϜāύ āĻŦā§° āĻ­āϝ় āĻ–াāχ āωāĻ িāϞ। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ•ে āϞুāχāĻ›āĻ• āĻ–āĻŦā§°āϟো āĻ•’āϞে āϝে āĻĒাāĻšাā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āĻ•াā§°োāĻŦাāĻ• āĻĒাāĻ—āϞ āĻĒāĻšু āĻāϟাāχ āĻ•াāĻŽোā§°িāĻ›ে। āϞুāχāĻ›ে āϜাāύিāĻ›িāϞ āϝে āĻĒāĻšুāϟো ā§°েāĻŦিāϜāϤ āφāĻ•্ā§°াāύ্āϤ āĻšৈ āφāĻ›ে।

b) What does rabies cause in human beings?

āĻ–) ā§°েāĻŦিāϜ ā§°োāĻ—ে āĻŽাāύুāĻšā§° āĻĻেāĻšāϤ āĻ•ি āϏৃāώ্āϟি āϕ⧰ে?

Answer:- Rabies is a viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals.

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰:- ā§°েāĻŦিāϜ āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻāĻŦিāϧ āĻ­াāχ⧰াāĻ›āϜāύিāϤ ā§°োāĻ— āϝিāϝ়ে āĻŽাāύুāĻš āφ⧰ু āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āϏ্āϤāύ্āϝāĻĒাāϝ়ী āĻĒ্ā§°াāĻŖীā§° āĻŽāĻ—āϜুā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĻাāĻšā§° āϏৃāώ্āϟি āϕ⧰ে।

c) What experiment did Pasteur conduct on rabbits?

āĻ—) āĻĒাāώ্āϟুā§°ে āĻļāĻšাāĻĒāĻšুā§° āĻ“āĻĒā§°āϤ āĻ•ি āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ?

Answer:- He treated the ailing rabbits by injecting them with the same virus and succeeded in curing them.

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰:- āĻ…āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āĻļāĻšাāĻĒāĻšু āĻŦোā§°āĻ• āĻāĻ•ে āĻ­াāχ⧰াāϛ⧰ āĻŦেāϜী āĻĻি āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏা āϕ⧰ি āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏা āϕ⧰িāϞে āφ⧰ু āύিā§°াāĻŽāϝ় āϕ⧰াāϤ āϏāĻĢāϞ āĻš’āϞ।

d) Who was Pasteur's first human patient? Was his treatment successful?

āϘ) āĻĒাāώ্āϟুā§°ā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ą ā§°োāĻ—ী āĻ•োāύ āφāĻ›িāϞ? āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏা āϏāĻĢāϞ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ āύেāĻ•ি?

Answer:- His first human patient was a school boy who was bitten by a mad dog. His treatment was successful as the boy slowly fully cured.

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰:- āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŽাāĻ¨ā§ą ā§°োāĻ—ী āφāĻ›িāϞ āĻāϜāύ āϏ্āĻ•ুāϞীāϝ়া āϞ’ā§°া āϝাāĻ• āĻāϟা āωāύ্āĻŽাāĻĻ āĻ•ুāĻ•ুā§°ে āĻ•াāĻŽুā§°িāĻ›িāϞ। āϞাāĻšে āϞাāĻšে āϞ’ā§°াāϟো āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āĻšৈ āωāĻ াāϤ āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏা āϏāĻĢāϞ āĻš’āϞ।

e) Where and when did the French government establish the Pasteur Institute? What is it famous for?

āĻ™) āĻĢ্ā§°াāύ্āϏ āϚ⧰āĻ•াā§°ে āĻ•’āϤ āφ⧰ু āĻ•েāϤিāϝ়া āĻĒাāώ্āϟুā§° āχāύāώ্āϟিāϟিāωāϟ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ? āĻ•িāĻšā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ?

Answer:- In 1888, the French government founded the Pasteur Institute in Paris. It is famous for the study of biology, micro-organisms, disease and vaccines.

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰:- ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§Ž āϚāύāϤ āĻĢ্ā§°াāύ্āϏ āϚ⧰āĻ•াā§°ে āĻĒেā§°িāĻ›āϤ āĻĒেāώ্āϟুā§° āχāύāώ্āϟিāϟিāωāϟ āĻĒ্ā§°āϤিāώ্āĻ া āϕ⧰ে। āϜীā§ąāĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ, āĻ…āĻŖুāϜীā§ą, ā§°োāĻ— āφ⧰ু āĻ­েāĻ•āϚিāύ⧰ āĻ…āϧ্āϝāϝ়āύ⧰ āĻŦাāĻŦে āχ āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ।

2. You must have noticed that the lesson has many words related to disease. Read the lesson carefully and note down all these words in the word web below.

⧍/ āφāĻĒুāύি āύিāĻļ্āϚāϝ় āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে āϝে āĻĒাāĻ āϟোāϤ ā§°োāĻ—ā§° āϞāĻ—āϤ āϜāĻĄ়িāϤ āĻŦāĻšুāϤো āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āφāĻ›ে। āĻĒাāĻ āϟো āĻ­াāϞāĻĻā§°ে āĻĒāĻĸ়āĻ• āφ⧰ু āϤāϞāϤ ā§ąেāĻŦ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟোāϤ āĻāχ āϏāĻ•āϞোāĻŦোā§° āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āϞিāĻ–ি āĻĨāĻ“āĻ•।

Answer:- Disease-virus-experiment-patient-treatment-rabies-viral-deadly-cure-inject-vaccine-micro-organisms-biology.

āωāϤ্āϤ⧰:- ā§°োāĻ—-āĻ­াāχ⧰াāĻ›-āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώা-ā§°োāĻ—ী-āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏা-ā§°েāĻŦিāϜ-āĻ­াāχ⧰াāĻ›-āĻŽাā§°াāϤ্āĻŽāĻ•-āύিā§°াāĻŽāϝ়-āĻŦেāϜী-āϟিāĻ•া-āĻ…āĻŖুāϜীā§ą-āϜীā§ąāĻŦিāϜ্āĻžাāύ।

3. Here are five friends sharing information about diseases. Complete their dialogues with information from the lesson.

ā§Š/ āχāϝ়াāϤ āĻĒাঁāϚāϜāύ āĻŦāύ্āϧুā§ąে ā§°োāĻ—ā§° āĻŦিāώāϝ়ে āϤāĻĨ্āϝ āĻļ্āĻŦেāϝ়াā§° āϕ⧰িāĻ›ে। āĻĒাāĻ ā§° āĻĒā§°া āϤāĻĨ্āϝ⧰ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāϕ⧰ āϏংāϞাāĻĒ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ•।

Answer:- 
    a) Puja:- Beware of animal bites, you may get rabies.

    āĻ•) āĻĒূāϜা:- āĻĒāĻļুā§° āĻ•াāĻŽোā§°ā§° āĻĒā§°া āϏাā§ąāϧাāύ āĻšāĻ“āĻ•, ā§°েāĻŦিāϜ āĻšāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

    b) Rohan:- Measles is a deadly disease. It can lead to Pneumonia, Diarrhoea etc.

    āĻ–) ā§°োāĻšāύ:- āĻŽিāϜিāϞāĻ› āĻāĻŦিāϧ āĻŽাā§°াāϤ্āĻŽāĻ• ā§°োāĻ—। āχāϝ়াā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āύিāωāĻŽোāύিāϝ়া, āĻĄাāϝ়েā§°িāϝ়া āφāĻĻি           āĻš’āĻŦ āĻĒাā§°ে।

    c) Pushpa:- Rubella infection can lead to children born with congenital birth defects as           blindness, deafness, mental retardation, congenital heart defects.

    āĻ—) āĻĒুāώ্āĻĒ:- ā§°ুāĻŦেāϞা āϏংāĻ•্ā§°āĻŽāĻŖā§° āĻĢāϞāϤ āϜāύ্āĻŽāĻ—āϤ āϜāύ্āĻŽāĻ—āϤ āĻŦিāϏংāĻ—āϤি āϝেāύে āĻ…āύ্āϧāϤা, āĻŦāϧিā§°āϤা,         āĻŽাāύāϏিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ•āϞাংāĻ—āϤা, āϜāύ্āĻŽāĻ—āϤ āĻšৃāĻĻāϝāύ্āϤ্ā§°ā§° āĻŦিāϏংāĻ—āϤি āφāĻĻিā§°ে āϜāύ্āĻŽ āĻšোā§ąা āĻļিāĻļুā§° āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻš’āĻŦ           āĻĒাā§°ে।

    d) Jumon:- The Anopheles mosquito is a carrier of Malaria.

    āϘ) āϜুāĻŽāύ:- āĻāύোāĻĢিāϞিāĻ› āĻŽāĻš āĻšৈāĻ›ে āĻŽেāϞেā§°িāϝ়াā§° āĻŦাāĻšāĻ•।

4. Do you know what a flowchart is? It is a diagram that shows how one things leads to the next. Read the lesson once again and complete the flowchart to show the chain of events. The first entry has been inserted for you.

ā§Ē/ āĻĢ্āϞ’āϚাā§°্āϟ āĻ•ি āϜাāύেāύে? āχ āĻāϟা āĻĄাāϝ়েāĻ—্ā§°াāĻŽ āϝিāϝ়ে āĻĻেāĻ–ুā§ąাāχāĻ›ে āϝে āĻāϟা āĻ•āĻĨাāχ āĻ•েāύেāĻ•ৈ āĻĒā§°ā§ąā§°্āϤীāϟোāϞৈ āϞৈ āϝাāϝ়। āĻĒাāĻ āϟো āφāĻ•ৌ āĻāĻŦাā§° āĻĒāĻĸ়āĻ• āφ⧰ু āĻĢ্āϞ’āϚাā§°্āϟ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϕ⧰ি āĻĒā§°িāϘāϟāύাā§° āĻļৃংāĻ–āϞāϟো āĻĻেāĻ–ুā§ąাāĻ“āĻ•। āφāĻĒোāύাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒ্ā§°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąেāĻļ āϏāύ্āύিā§ąিāώ্āϟ āϕ⧰া āĻšৈāĻ›ে।

Answer:-

--- Pasteur sees a man bitten by a mad wolf.

--- āĻĒাāώ্āϟুā§°ে āĻĻেāĻ–িāĻ›ে āĻāϜāύ āĻŽাāύুāĻšāĻ• āĻāϟা āωāύ্āĻŽাāĻĻ āĻĒāĻšুā§ąে āĻ•াāĻŽোā§°া।

----He thought the man might get rabies and die.

----āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ›িāϞ āĻŽাāύুāĻšāϜāύ⧰ āĻšāϝ়āϤো ā§°েāĻŦিāϜ āĻšৈ āĻŽā§°িāĻŦ।

----He treated the ailing rabbits by injecting them with the same virus and succeeded in curing them.

----āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ…āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āĻļāĻšাāĻĒāĻšুāĻ•েāχāϟাāĻ• āĻāĻ•েāϟা āĻ­াāχ⧰াāĻ› āĻŦেāϜী āĻĻি āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏা āϕ⧰ি āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āϕ⧰ি āϤোāϞাāϤ āϏāĻĢāϞ āĻšৈāĻ›িāϞ।

---- A mother requested Pasteur to cure her son, who was bitten by a mad dog.

---- āĻāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ী āĻŽাāϤৃāϝ়ে āĻĒাāώ্āϟুā§°āĻ• āĻ…āύুā§°োāϧ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ āϝে āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āĻĒুāϤ্ā§°āĻ• āϏুāϏ্āĻĨ āϕ⧰ি āϤুāϞিāĻŦ āϞাāĻ—ে, āϝিāϜāύāĻ• āĻāϟা āωāύ্āĻŽাāĻĻ āĻ•ুāĻ•ুā§°ে āĻ•াāĻŽোā§°িāĻ›িāϞ।

---- Pasteur injected the boy with the virus and achieved success.

---- āĻĒেāώ্āϟুā§°ে āϞ⧰া āϜāύāĻ• āĻ­াāχ⧰াāϛ⧰ āĻŦেāϜী āĻĻিāĻ›িāϞ āφ⧰ু āϏāĻĢāϞāϤা āϞাāĻ­ āϕ⧰িāĻ›িāϞ।

---- Louis Pasteur had been famous for his new method of treatment.

---- āϞুāχ āĻĒেāώ্āϟুā§° āύāϤুāύ āϚিāĻ•িā§ŽāϏা āĻĒāĻĻ্āϧāϤিā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻ–্āϝাāϤ āφāĻ›িāϞ।

6. (c) Now complete these sentences using the simple present or the past continuous forms of the verbs in brackets:

ā§Ŧ) (āĻ—) āĻāϤিāϝ়া āĻŦāύ্āϧāύীāϤ āĻĨāĻ•া āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়াā§° āϏ⧰āϞ āĻŦā§°্āϤāĻŽাāύ āĻŦা āĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻ…āĻŦিā§°āϤ ā§°ূāĻĒ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ি āĻāχ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāĻŦোā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ•:

Answer:- 
i) we play football in the afternoon(play).

i) āφāĻŽি āĻĻুāĻĒā§°ীāϝ়া āĻĢুāϟāĻŦāϞ āĻ–েāϞো(play)।

ii) The sun rises in the east(rise).

ii) āϏূā§°্āϝ্⧟ āĻĒূā§ąāĻĢাāϞে āωāĻĻ⧟ āĻšā§Ÿ(āωāĻĻ⧟)।

iii) Don't make a noise; the baby is sleeping(sleep).

iii) āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āύāϕ⧰িāĻŦ; āĻ•েঁāϚুā§ąাāϟো āĻļুāχ āφāĻ›ে(āĻļুāχ āφāĻ›ে)।

iv)Someone is knocking at the door; can you hear it?(knock)

iv)āĻ•োāύোāĻŦাāχ āĻĻুā§ąাā§°āϤ āϟুāĻ•ুā§°িāϝ়াāχ āφāĻ›ে; āĻļুāύিāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦাāύে?(āϟোāϕ⧰ āĻŽাā§°িāϞে)

v) The man is running towards the bus.(run)

v) āĻŽাāύুāĻšāϜāύ āĻŦাāϛ⧰ āĻĢাāϞে āĻĻৌā§°ি āφāĻ›ে।(āĻĻৌā§°ি)

vi) The bus usually comes at 8 o' clock.(come)

vi) āĻŦাāĻ›āĻ–āύ āϏাāϧাā§°āĻŖāϤে ā§Ž āĻŦāϜাāϤ āφāĻšে।(āφāĻšা)

vii) He is preparing for an engineering entrance examination.(prepare)

vii) āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻ…āĻ­িāϝাāύ্āϤ্ā§°িāĻ• āĻĒ্ā§°ā§ąেāĻļ āĻĒā§°ীāĻ•্āώাā§° āĻŦাāĻŦে āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤুāϤি āϚāϞাāχ āφāĻ›ে।(āĻĒ্ā§°āϏ্āϤুāϤ āϕ⧰āĻ•)

viii) He is learning German.(learn)

viii) āϤেāĻ“ঁ āϜাā§°্āĻŽাāύ āĻ­াāώা āĻļিāĻ•ি āφāĻ›ে।(āĻļিāĻ•িāĻŦ)

7. (c) Let's see how much you have understood. Complete these sentences using the simple past or the past continuous forms of the verbs brackets.

ā§­) (āĻ—) āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ•িāĻŽাāύ āĻŦুāϜি āĻĒাāχāĻ›ে āϚাāĻ“ঁ āφāĻšāĻ•। āĻ•্ā§°িāϝ়াā§° āĻŦāύ্āϧāύীā§° āϏ⧰āϞ āĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻŦা āĻ…āϤীāϤ āĻ…āĻŦিā§°āϤ ā§°ূāĻĒ āĻŦ্āĻ¯ā§ąāĻšাā§° āϕ⧰ি āĻāχ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāĻŦোā§° āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূā§°্āĻŖ āϕ⧰āĻ•।

i) Louis Pasteur died in 1895.(die)

āĻ) ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§Ģ āϚāύāϤ āϞুāχ āĻĒেāώ্āϟুā§°ā§° āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু āĻšāϝ়।(āĻŽৃāϤ্āϝু)

ii) Pasteur knew that the mad wolf was suffering from rabies.(suffer)

ii) āĻĒাāώ্āϟুā§°ে āϜাāύিāĻ›িāϞ āϝে āωāύ্āĻŽাāĻĻ āĻĒāĻšুāϟো ā§°েāĻŦিāϜāϤ āφāĻ•্ā§°াāύ্āϤ।()

iii)When I reached his house, he was having lunch.(have)

iii)āϤেāĻ“ঁā§° āϘ⧰āϤ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤ āĻšāĻ“ঁāϤে āϤেāĻ“ঁ āĻĻুāĻĒā§°ীāϝ়াā§° āφāĻšাā§° āĻ–াāχ āφāĻ›িāϞ।(have)

iv) I arrived last evening.(arrive)

iv) āϝোā§ąা āϏāύ্āϧিāϝ়া āφāĻšি āĻĒাāϞোঁ।(āφāĻ—āĻŽāύ)

v) The boys were playing football when it suddenly began to rain.(play)

v) āϞ'ā§°াāĻ•েāχāϟাāχ āĻĢুāϟāĻŦāϞ āĻ–েāϞি āĻĨাāĻ•োāϤে āĻšāĻ াā§Ž āĻŦā§°āώুāĻŖ āĻš'āĻŦāϞৈ āϧ⧰িāϞে।(play)

11. Look at the sentences. They  are in Direct speech. Imagine you are reporting the conversation to someone. Rewrite the sentences in Indirect/Reported speech.

ā§§ā§§) āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāĻŦোā§° āϚাāĻ“āĻ•। āϤেāĻ“ঁāϞোāĻ• Direct speech āϤ āφāĻ›ে। āĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύা āϕ⧰āĻ• āφāĻĒুāύি āĻ•াā§°োāĻŦাāĻ• āĻ•āĻĨা-āĻŦāϤ⧰াā§° āĻ–āĻŦā§° āĻĻিāĻ›ে। Indirect/Reported speech āϤ āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝāĻŦোā§° āĻĒুāύ⧰ āϞিāĻ–া।

Answer:- 
a) Louis asked him what the matter was.

āĻ•) āϞুāχāĻ›ে āϤেāĻ“ঁāĻ• āϏুāϧিāϞে āϝে āĻ•āĻĨাāϟো āĻ•ি?

b) The woman asked Louis if he could save her son.

āĻ–) āĻŽāĻšিāϞাāĻ—ā§°াāĻ•ীāϝ়ে āϞুāχāĻ›āĻ• āϏুāϧিāϞে āϝে āϤেāĻ“ঁ āύিāϜ⧰ āĻĒুāϤ্ā§°āĻ• āĻŦāϚাāĻŦ āĻĒাā§°িāĻŦāύে?

c) Louis said to the boy that he would do whatever she could.

āĻ—) āϞুāχāĻ›ে āϞ’ā§°াāϟোāĻ• āĻ•’āϞে āϝে āϤাāχ āϝি āĻĒাā§°ে āϏি āϕ⧰িāĻŦ।




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āĻŦেāϞেāĻ— āϧ⧰āĻŖā§° āĻĒ্ā§°āĻļ্āύ āωāϤ্āϤ⧰ āĻĒাāĻŦāϞৈ āĻāχ āϞিংāĻ• āϟোāϤ āĻ•্āϞিāĻ• āϕ⧰āĻ• 
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Spelling Check By- Rajashri Bora 



Post Id: DABP001305